Three- component initiator systems can generate both cations and free- radicals, and initiate monomers to polymerize effectively. The dental materials containing these initiator systems show better initiating efficiency and sufficient degree of monomer conversion under visible light irradiation. These initiator systems have advantages both of cationic initiators and of free - radical intiators. The paper is to especially review the components, the characteristics and the developmental trends of the three- component visible- light photoinitiator system.