国际口腔医学杂志

国际口腔医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 257-265.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2026210

• 综述 • 上一篇    

甲基丙烯酰化明胶水凝胶促进神经组织修复的研究进展

林子妍1(),许来俊2()   

  1. 1.中南大学湘雅口腔医学院 长沙 410008
    2.南方医科大学口腔医院（广东省口腔医院）广州 510280
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-24 修回日期:2025-01-16 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-02-13
  • 通讯作者: 许来俊
  • 作者简介:林子妍，学士，Email：2998128917@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82501110);广西口腔颌面修复与重建研究重点实验室开放课题(GXKLOMRR2403)

Research progress on gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels for promoting neural tissue repair

Ziyan Lin1(),Laijun Xu2()   

  1. 1.Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
    2.Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
  • Received:2024-09-24 Revised:2025-01-16 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-02-13
  • Contact: Laijun Xu
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(82501110);Open Fund of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction(GXKLOMRR2403)

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摘要：

甲基丙烯酰化明胶（GelMA）水凝胶作为热门生物材料，以其适于细胞生长和分化的三维结构、优异的生物相容性等特性，在骨组织工程、皮肤组织缺损修复等领域已有广泛研究。近年来，GelMA水凝胶及其复合材料在神经组织修复领域的应用逐渐兴起，本文旨在探讨GelMA水凝胶应用于神经组织修复的研究进展，为神经组织再生提供新的见解与思路。

关键词: 甲基丙烯酰化明胶水凝胶, 神经修复, 人工神经导管, 组织工程

Abstract:

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels are prominent biomaterials extensively studied for their applications in bone tissue engineering and skin defect repair. Their 3D architecture facilitates cell growth and differentiation, and they feature excellent biocompatibility. In recent years, the utilization of GelMA hydrogels and their composites in neural tissue repair has attracted increasing attention. However, a comprehensive review that synthesizes the current research landscape in this area is notably absent. Therefore, this paper aimed to elucidate recent advancements in GelMA composite hydrogels for neural tissue repair, providing novel insights and perspectives on neural tissue regeneration.

Key words: gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels, neural repair, synthetic neural guide conduit, tissue engineering

中图分类号: 

  • R318.08

图 1

模板法制备方法示意图"

图 2

3D生物打印技术示意图"

图 3

原位注射成型技术示意图"

表 1

负载生物活性因子的GelMA复合水凝胶材料的材料特性"

材料制造方法研究阶段结果文献
GDNF/GelMA凝胶微球模板法体外/动物实验实现了GDNF的稳定持续释放，促进了SC的增殖，改善损伤处微环境[23]
GelMA-CNTF/IGF-1水凝胶模板法体外/动物实验增强SC附着和增殖并促进其分泌[8]
GelMA/SA-3/PRP-20神经导管模板法体外/动物实验GelMA/SA-3/PRP-20神经导管稳固释放多种生长因子，刺激RSC96增殖和迁移，并且促进轴突再生、髓鞘再生和血管生成[9]
基于Morpho蝴蝶翼的rGO/BDNF/GelMA神经导管模板法体外/动物实验材料具有良好的导电性能，一定的电刺激条件下能持续释放NT，有效促进神经和肌肉组织的轴突再生和功能再生[24]
GelMA/GO水凝胶模板法体外实验在一定的电刺激下，材料增强了对生长因子的摄取，促进了大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤PC12细胞的分化[25]
载7,8-DHF的GelMA/SF-MA神经导管3D生物打印体外/动物实验GelMA/SF-MA支架可促进SC黏附、增殖和迁移，并释放7,8-DHF以促进PC12细胞的轴突伸长和髓鞘再生[13]
GelMA-sEVs-Ber可注射水凝胶原位注射成型体外/动物实验植入的水凝胶降低了大鼠局部炎症水平，减少了脊髓损伤的纤维范围，为SCI后的神经再生和轴突生长提供了有利条件[20]

表 2

负载干细胞的GelMA复合水凝胶的材料特性"

材料制造方法研究阶段结果文献
载BMSC和NSC的GelMA水凝胶支架3D生物打印体外/动物实验材料释放BMSC激活Notch信号通路，促进NSC增殖分化为神经元，并减少星形胶质细胞的产生[5]
载EB的聚己内酯/GelMA水凝胶支架3D生物打印体外实验负载EB的聚己内酯/GelMA管状支架在视黄酸存在的情况下，可诱导EB分化为脊髓神经元[16]
载RSC96的藻酸盐-GelMA-BNC支架3D生物打印体外实验复合支架可以提供合适的微环境，促进RSC96细胞的增殖和黏附，促进ASCL1、POU3F3、NEUROG1、DLL1、NOTCH1和ERBB2基因的表达[15]
载活化SC的GelMA水凝胶3D生物打印体外/动物实验材料抑制p38 MAPK通路以减少细胞凋亡，GelMA/活化SC的治疗效果优于单一活化SC治疗[29]
载DPSC/bFGF的GelMA水凝胶—纤维素/大豆分离蛋白复合膜导管模板法体外/动物实验该导管由10% GelMA-bFGF和DPSC组成，包裹纤维素/大豆蛋白复合膜，可有效修复大鼠15 mm长的坐骨神经缺损[2]

表 3

结合其他材料的GelMA复合水凝胶的材料性能"

材料制造方法研究阶段结果引用
rGO/GelMA水凝胶3D生物打印体外/动物实验rGO/GelMA支架具有良好的力学性能，可促进BMSC和SC的黏附，体外实验显示，材料有优异的成骨能力，体内实验显示，材料可促进成骨和神经发生[32]
模板法体外/动物实验材料可支持PC12神经细胞的生长和分化，且效果优于单一GelMA水凝胶材料，体内实验显示，材料可促进神经和肌肉组织的神经再生、髓鞘形成和功能再生[33]
Lys@HMSN/GelMA水凝胶光交联反应复合体外/动物实验Lys@HMSN/GelMA复合水凝胶可调节损伤部位酸性环境，恢复三羧酸循环和脂肪酸代谢，改善线粒体功能，促进SCI恢复[19]
FTY720-CDs@GelMA水凝胶光交联反应复合体外/动物实验FTY720-CDs@GelMA水凝胶可显著促进NSC增殖，同时促进神经元再生和突触形成[21]
dECM/GelMA水凝胶3D生物打印体外实验材料可促进神经突生长和SC迁移，并桥接神经缺损[36]
DSCG/GelMA复合水凝胶支架模板法体外/动物实验材料具有高润湿性和柔软的机械性能，可创造适合MenSCs黏附、增殖和分化的微环境，可促进轴突再生及运动功能恢复、抑制炎症和神经胶质瘢痕发生[6]
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