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01 March 2015, Volume 42 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Fracture resistance of post-core restored root Lu Zhiyue Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  125-129.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.001 Abstract ( 1257 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF（pc） (1708KB) ( 1709 )   Save Post-core has a very important role in the preservation of residual root. The fracture resistance of a post-core restored root is closely related to post-core design. This article reviews the effects of post materials, amount of residual dentin, root canal preparation, post shape, and adhesive on the fracture resistance of post-core restored root. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protocol and process for one immediate implant in the incisor—based on risk assessment Yang Xiaoyu, Liu Changhong, Liu Weijin, Zhou Zhen Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  130-134.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.002 Abstract ( 1191 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF（pc） (31418KB) ( 885 )   Save For nearly 10 years, with the rapid development of economy and science and technology, the clinical application of planting denture increasingly common.Patients with more choices, more hospitals, more doctors involved in...One side is the modern professional prospects, one side is the complicated cases.In the face of this situation, rigorous, standardized, controllable and repeatable is undoubtedly a solution.Under this principle, preoperative cases for ease of analysis and aesthetic, surgery, repair risk assessment is crucial, decided the doctors to choose what kind of operation, how to repair, the final direction.The industry used more widely planting case classification evaluation system is the International society for oral planting (International Team for Implantology, ITI) in March 2007 in the Spanish island of Majorca consensus conference of the SAC (straightforward and simple, advanced and complex, complex highly complex) classification, the classification of different types of repair and surgical cases provided guiding principle, to choose the appropriate cases, provide reference for planting treatment plan.The author try to 1 case of front teeth immediate plant as an example, the application of SAC classification assessment after corresponding treatment plan, display from first diagnosis to 2 years follow-up records all the way, a feasible path to explore the diagnosis and treatment plant repair standardization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation on the cell proliferation and migration of human periodontal ligament cells Cheng Qun, Yang Minghua, Chen Bin, Liu Juan,Yan Fuhua Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  135-139.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.003 Abstract ( 1065 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (10976KB) ( 1185 )   Save Objective To compare the effects of different output power and irradiation times of Er:YAG laser irradiation on cell proliferation, clone formation, migration, and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 secretion of human periodontal ligament cells. Methods Human periodontal ligament cells were obtained by enzyme digestion, and the cells at the third to the sixth passages were transferred to a tissue culture flask for the experiments. The cells were irradiated by Er: YAG laser at different output powers and same irradiation time(0, 0.45, 0.60, and 0.75 W, at 10 s) as well as at different irradiation times and same power output(0, 10, 30, and 60 s, at 0.60 W). Methyltetrazolium assay, clone formation assay, wound scratch assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to observe the effects of Er:YAG laser on the proliferation, clone formation, migration, and TGF-β1 secretion of human periodontal ligament cells. Results The output powers of 0.45 and 0.60 W can promote cell proliferation, clone formation, migration, and TGF-β1 secretion when the irradiation time is set to 10 s. No significant statistical differences were found between these output powers. In different irradiation time groups, we can obtain better cell proliferation, clone formation, migration, and TGF-β1 secretion results when the irradiation time is set to 10 s. However, we obtain the opposite results when the irradiation time is set to 60 s. Conclusion An appropriate amount of Er:YAG laser irradiation can promote the proliferation, clone formation, migration, and TGF-β1 secretion of human periodontal ligament cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of the mechanical properties of nano SiO2-enhanced polymethylmethacrylate with different dosages of coupling agent Li Hejia, Jiao Xue, Xiao Yue, Sun Maozheng, Zhu Y Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  140-142.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.004 Abstract ( 945 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (1480KB) ( 1489 )   Save Objective To study the effects of silane and titanate coupling agents as well as the dosage effects of enhanced polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) on the mechanical properties of nano SiO2. Methods After using the mass fractions of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% of silane and titanate coupling agents on the surface modification of nano SiO2, the nano SiO2 was treated by adding 3% PMMA. Then, the standard module was created, the control group was untreated, and the three-point bending experiment was performed. Finally, hardness, friction, and wear were tested. Results The optimal dosages of silane and titanate coupling agents were measured at 2% and 3% respectively. Conclusion In a certain concentration range of nano SiO2, two modified coupling agents can improve the mechanical strength of denture base resins. The optimal dosage of the silane coupling agent is 2%, while that of the titanate coupling agent is 3%. Related Articles | Metrics

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One-stage treatment of condylar osteochondroma combined with secondary jaw bone deformities by sliding vertical ramus osteotomy and mandibular contouring Yang Xiaoqin, Shi Pengwei, Wang Jian, Du Wen, Hu Jing, Luo En Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  143-146.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.005 Abstract ( 1046 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (11453KB) ( 415 )   Save Objective To evaluate the combined application of condylectomy, sliding vertical ramus osteotomy, and mandibular contouring in treating condylar osteochondroma. Methods Eight patients with osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle were subjected to condylectomy, sliding vertical ramus osteotomy, and mandibular contouring at one stage. After the surgery, orthodontic treatment or intermaxillary fixation was applied to help treat those patients with facial asymmetry and abnormal occlusion. Results All the patients demonstrated satisfactory results. Their temporomandibular joint dysfunction, facial asymmetry, and abnormal occlusion were improved greatly. No patient developed a recurrence of the tumor during the follow-up period. Conclusion Condylectomy, sliding vertical ramus osteotomy, and mandibular contouring do not only remove the tumor, but also effectively ameliorate the facial asymmetry and abnormal occlusion of the patients as well as produce a favorable therapeutic effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of extraction and non-extraction treatment on esthetic perception of frontal smile and resting profile Tan Xuelian, Ning Jiali, Chen Helin, He Linlin, Zhao Zhihe Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  147-151.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.006 Abstract ( 1341 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (3381KB) ( 1144 )   Save Objective This study examines the effects of extraction and non-extraction treatments on the esthetics of frontal smiles and profile photos of teenagers. Furthermore, this work investigates whether extraction treatment adducts the buccal areas of teenagers. Methods Both the extraction and non-extraction groups were composed of 30 cases. The points and lines of frontal smiles with profiles of 45° and 90° for each case were fixed using the Photoshop CS3 software. Visual analogue scale was employed to evaluate frontal smiles. Data analysis was conducted using t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results Both treatments significantly increased the upper lip length. However, the spat width decreased after treatment(P<0.05). The line spacing between 1 and 2 noticeably increased in the extraction group(P<0.05), whereas no visible changes occurred in the non-extraction group after treatment. Angle R obviously decreased in the nonextraction group(P<0.05). Nevertheless, the extraction group exhibited no statistical significance after treatment. The difference between the frontal smile scores in the two groups had no statistical significance. Conclusion Both treatments can improve the relationships between the lips. Furthermore, non-extraction treatments have little to do with the buccal changes in teenagers and do not affect the beauty of a smile. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of easy resilient attachment in posterior teeth for extension defect Wang Zhenhua, Wang Yuanyuan, Zhu Xu, Baihetiyaer?Mahesuti,Wang Yuan Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  152-155.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.007 Abstract ( 1089 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF（pc） (1193KB) ( 1084 )   Save Objective To study the clinical application of easy resilient attachment(ERA) in posterior teeth for extension defect. Methods A total of 22 patients with extension defect were selected randomly through a self-controlled clinical study. These patients were wearing removable partial dentures before using the ERA dentures. Chewing function tests were performed using the ERA dentures immediately and one month later. A follow-up period was scheduled from 6 months to 2.5 years. The satisfaction of patients with the dentures was measured by using questionnaires, and an X-ray inspection was conducted to determine the treatment results. Results The chewing efficiency of ERA dentures is higher than that of removable partial dentures when these dentures are worn immediately and a month later. The difference between the two dentures was significantly different(P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found in terms of pronunciation and comfort. The appearance and retention of ERA dentures are superior to those of removable partial dentures(P<0.05). Conclusion The effects of ERA dentures are significantly superior to those of removable partial dentures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between malocclusion and oral health-related life quality in university students Sun Qiuhua, Xiao Danna, Gao Hui, Dou Zesheng Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  156-159.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.008 Abstract ( 1017 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF（pc） (1208KB) ( 932 )   Save Objective This study aimed to discuss the correlation between malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life(OHRQoL). Methods A total of 610 students without history of orthodontic treatment, tooth loss, and maxillofacial deformity were selected from four universities in Qinhuangdao. Index of treatment need(IOTN) was used for clinical examination, and OHRQoL-UK was used for assessment. Results About 8.7% of subjects endured negative effects in at least one of 16 items from malocclusion over the past month. Psychosocial aspect exhibited the lowest scores. IOTN-DHC/ IOTN-AC was negatively correlated with the UK total scores and with the UK subscores. Conclusion IOTN-DHC and IOTN-AC are negatively correlated with OHRQoL. IOTN-DHC exhibits the highest correlation in physical aspect, whereas IOTN-AC is mostly correlated with psychological aspect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of cognitive behavioral intervention therapy on adolescent orthodontic treatment Li Yanzhao, Huang Nianquan Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  160-162.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.009 Abstract ( 999 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF（pc） (1155KB) ( 987 )   Save Objective This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of cognitive behavioral intervention therapy on orthodontic treatment for adolescents. Methods A total of 120 adolescent orthodontic patients were selected and randomly categorized into experimental and control groups. Patients in the experimental group received orthodontic treatment combined with cognitive behavior intervention therapy, whereas those in the control group were administered with orthodontic treatment only. Results Patients in the experimental group demonstrated more active cooperation, better effect, lower rate of recurrence, and higher overall satisfaction compared with those in the control group. The two groups were significantly different. Conclusion Cognitive behavioral intervention therapy positively affects orthodontic treatment for adolescent patients, and thus, should be promoted in clinical applications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study between non-surgical and surgical eruption of maxillary palatally impacted canines Liu Li, Ke Huafeng, Wu Chuanjun, Tian Jun Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  163-165.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.010 Abstract ( 1028 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF（pc） (1121KB) ( 884 )   Save Objective This study was designed to investigate the indication and treatment time of non-surgical eruption of maxillary palatally impacted canines and its clinical effect. Methods Nine patients with 12 maxillary palatally impacted canines were enrolled based on skeletal maturity as well as the position and dental maturity of the impacted canine diagnosed using panoramic and scephalometric radiographs. All patients underwent orthodontic treatment with headgear, followed by extraction of the deciduous canines. In addition, panoramic radiographs of the patients were taken every six months to observe the eruption of the impacted canine. Results Seven palatally impacted canines erupted spontaneously, three palatally impacted canines received surgery eruption, and two canines were extracted. Conclusion The influencing factors for non-surgical eruption of maxillary palatally impacted canines included the absence of obstruction in the erupted path, early stages of skeletal maturity, and open root apices. Eventually, skeletal maturity is more instructive than dental maturity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Arecoline upregulated matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in HaCaT cells Li Ming, Peng Jieying, Wu Yingfang, Zhang Rui Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  166-169.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.011 Abstract ( 926 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF（pc） (1137KB) ( 1108 )   Save Objective This study was designed to investigate the mechanism of arecoline-induced matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9) expression in epithelial HaCaT cells. Methods HaCaT cells were treated with arecoline having different concentrations at different times. MMP9, nuclear factor(NF)-κB, activator protein(AP)-1, and Ets-1 protein expressions were detected by western blot analysis. Transcription factors of regulated MMP-9 expression induced by arecoline were detected by RNA interference test. Results Arecoline upregulated MMP9 expression in HaCatcells through the modes of dosage and time symbiosis. Furthermore, arecoline upregulated NF-κB, AP-1, and Ets-1 protein expressions. As detected by the siRNA test, arecoline affected MMP9 through transcription factors, such as NF-κB, AP-1, and Ets-1, especially NF-κB. Conclusion Arecoline can upregulate MMP9 expression by promoting NF-κB, AP-1, and Ets-1 expressions and primarily through NF-κB transcription. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical evaluation of porcelain laminate veneers Lu Xuan, Chen Xiaodong, Xing Wenzhong, Li Zhenchun Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  170-172.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.012 Abstract ( 1049 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (1157KB) ( 1111 )   Save Objective This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of ceramic veneers after restoration. Methods The teeth of 25 patients were restored with 133 porcelain laminate veneers. Marginal adaptation, marginal discoloration, secondary caries, color match, anatomic form, endodontic complication, cracks, fractures, and debonding were clinically examined. The one-to eight-year survival rates with absolute failures and success rates with absolute failures and relative failures of the veneers were statistically analyzed using the life table method. Results The survival rates of the veneers were 100.0%, 99.2%, 97.6%, 96.7%, 94.7%, 93.2%, 89.3% and 89.3%, whereas the success rates were 100.0%, 98.5%, 96.1%, 94.4%, 90.5%, 84.5%, 80.9%, 80.9% in one to eight years, respectively. Conclusion Porcelain laminate veneers offer a predictable and successful treatment approach. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation methods of the osteogenesis effects on bone graft material Liu Jia, Xie Zhigang, Bao Jibo Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  173-176.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.013 Abstract ( 1149 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (1202KB) ( 1930 )   Save The rapid development of science and technology facilitated considerable research on bone graft material. The methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of osteogenesis on bone graft material have increased in number. Different detection technologies have focused on the capability for osteogenesis effectiveness indifferent aspects. This article will review these methods to evaluate the effectiveness of osteogenesis on the bone graft material and examine the relevant techniques and indicators in the aspects of imaging test, as well as histological and biochemical parameters. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevention and treatment of radiation- and chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis Lü Danni, Li Ronglin, Yang Guangwei, Li Chunyang Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  177-180.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.014 Abstract ( 1025 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF（pc） (1134KB) ( 1272 )   Save Oral mucositis(OM), a common cytotoxic complication in the treatment of head and neck cancers, is a limiting factor for radiotherapy or chemotherapy. By impairing oral function, OM can result in severe pain, affect the intake of nutrition and increase the risk for infections. It may also postpone anti-cancer plans. Reduction strategies for OM are still unclear as these interventions act on different phases of mucositis and are supported by an insufficient amount of evidence. The updated knowledge on these interventions was reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of cone-beam computed tomography during C-shaped root canal therapy in mandibular second molars Liu Yali, Li Xia Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  181-183.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.015 Abstract ( 1172 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (1023KB) ( 823 )   Save Varied canal morphology and the narrow area of the irregular C-shaped canals in the mandibular second molars can cause incomplete cleaning of the root canal and partial detection of voids in root fillings. Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) can clearly display the three-dimensional forms(axial, sagittal, and coronal) of the C-shaped root canal. CBCT presents clear images with high resolution. CBCT can also select the appropriate vision for viewing clear images and can save image information in a optical disc. This technique requires less cupping artifact, low-dose radiation, and short scanning time, and is thus convenient for clinical doctors in carefully performing multi-level and multi-dimensional views on a computer. Panoramic images without distortion and magnification can be generated with the axial, sagittal, and coronal view of the C-shaped root canal in the mandibular second molar. C-shaped root canal treatment in the mandibular second molar is difficult to perform because of the relatively large number of independent root canals, traffic, and roottube bending, which may impede the entrance of traditional instruments in the gorge area. CBCT combined with a dental operating microscope can improve the effect of the C-shaped root canal treatment on the mandibular second molar. Application of CBCT before root canal therapy can help doctors prevent excessive cutting and side wearing. This article aims to review the applications and research progress with regard to the use of CBCT in the mandibular second molar before C-shaped root canal treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on healing and remolding of peri-implant bones Zheng Xiaofei, You Zhiwei, Mo Anchun Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  184-188.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.016 Abstract ( 1578 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF（pc） (1193KB) ( 963 )   Save The success of dental implants depends on optimal osseointegration, which is affected by many factors, such as systemic drug administration. In clinical practice, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAID) are prescribed to deal with chronic inflammation or pain caused by some joint disorders or fractures and to control discomfort after implant surgery. NSAID can inhibit the activity of cyclo-oxygenase, resulting in decreased production of dinoprost, which plays a vital role in bone metabolism. Hence, administration of NSAID may influence bone healing of peri-implants during osseointegration. This article aims to review available data regarding the effects of NSAID on implant osseointegration, as well as on healing or remolding of peri-implant bones. Related Articles | Metrics

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Osteoclast differentiation factors and their signaling pathways Meng Qingyang, Zheng Rong, Zhu Yang, Wang Dandan, Wu Lipeng, Sun Hongchen Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  189-193.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.017 Abstract ( 4084 )   HTML ( 36 )   PDF（pc） (1195KB) ( 1929 )   Save Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption and can be derived from the mononuclear macrophage system in the bone marrow; hence, a method should be developed to differentiate macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Signal transduction in osteoclast formation and cell differentiation are mediated by osteoprotegerin(OPG) and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB), particularly its receptor-activating factor(RANK) and ligand(RANKL) system. The RANKL-RANK-OPG signal transduction pathway is affected by several factors, including the signal transduction pathway of NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase protein. Tumor necrosis factor-α can stimulate osteoblasts to produce granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin(IL)-6 factor, thus inducing osteoclast precursors to differentiate into osteoclasts. Nitric oxide and estrogen may affect osteoclast differentiation precursors. The tyrosine kinase of integrin αvβ3 in osteoclast-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and proline-rich 2 region and the non-receptor-dependent protein tyrosine kinase of the Src family of adaptor proteins and P130 Crk-related proteins are important in the activation of substrates, and thus, in bone absorption. In osteoclasts and their precursors, the receptor family of transforming growth factor-β, steroid receptors, G-protein coupled receptors, IL-1, and non-tyrosine kinase cell factor are important for osteoclast function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relative factors affecting patient satisfaction with removable partial denture Ge Yanping, Chen Xiwen, Zhu Zhimin Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  194-198.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.018 Abstract ( 1299 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (1185KB) ( 1432 )   Save Removable partial denture(RPD) is a widely used prosthetic treatment. Compared with fixed and implant dentures, RPD has a low cost, causes minimal injury, and is widely adapted. Patients and doctors evaluate the success of RPD from different angles. Based on the current biology–psychology–social medical model, evaluation of patients with prosthesis should be given more attention. However, this aspect is often ignored by clinicians. Hence, research on patient satisfaction with RPD is very important in improving medical services, reducing medical disputes, strengthening doctor–patient communications, and reducing the waste of medical resources. This article reviews the relative factors influencing patient satisfaction with RPD from the patient, medical, and denture aspects. This study may aid clinicians in understanding patient needs and improving the early and late curative effects of RPD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation and pathogenesis of Enterococcus faecalis and recurrent periapical periodontitis Wang Lili, Li Na, Li Xiangwei, Sun Hongchen Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  199-202.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.019 Abstract ( 1475 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF（pc） (1060KB) ( 1185 )   Save Enterococcus faecalis(E.faecalis) survive and proliferate in very harsh environments. These bacteria have astrong capability for survival and pathogenesis in the biofilm, thus making them an important pathogenic factor in the recurrence of periapical periodontitis. The virulence factors of E.faecalis cause damage healthy tissues and enhance bacterial adhesion. In this study, the E.faecalis detection rate in an untreated root canal is 7.5% and reaches 70% in teeth with failed endodontic treatment. Therefore, E.faecalis in an untreated root canal is not the major pathogenic bacteria. E.faecalis heavily infects the crown of one root canal, whereas minimal infection is found in the middle third and the apical third of another root canal. E.faecalis is also resistant against common preparation methods and disinfection drugs, thus lending difficultyto the clearing of the root canal. Hence, a drug that effectively inhibits or kills E.faecalis should be developed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of D-type amino acids on biofilm dissociation Ou Meizhen, Ling Junqi Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  203-205.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.020 Abstract ( 1547 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF（pc） (1044KB) ( 1751 )   Save Biofilms are the major form in which bacteria exist in nature. Biofilms have finite lifetimes because of limited nutrition and other limiting factors. Mature biofilms produce compounds to disassemble and release the bacteria back to their planktonic existence. Recent studies have focused on the search for compounds that promote dissociation of biofilms and inhibit biofilm formation, including D-type amino acid. This review summarizes some recent breakthroughs and progress in studies on the role of D-type amino acids on bacterial biofilms. Related Articles | Metrics

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Coordinated development of osteoblasts by the hedgehog and wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family signaling pathways Fan Zhihua, Sun Zhipeng, Dong Qing, Sun Lisha Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  206-209.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.021 Abstract ( 1041 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF（pc） (1136KB) ( 731 )   Save Bone development involves the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, includinghedgehog(HH) and wingless-type mouse mammary tumour virus integration site family(WNT) signaling pathways, to coordinate the development of osteoblasts. This paper reviews the effects of HH regulation on the occurrence of temporomandibular joint development, core-binding factor A1 proliferation and maturation, and Merkel cartilage differentiation; the effects of the WNT signaling pathway on nervous system formation, differentiation, and proliferation of osteoblasts in systemic bone development are also discussed. HH and WNT in classic β-catenin promote osteoblast differentiation and proliferation, inhibit cartilage cells, and regulate cell differentiation and proliferation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on chronic sclerosing sialadenitis Wang Banchao, Shi Ce, Fang Tengjiaozi, Chang Bei, Cong Mingyu, Sun Hongchen Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  210-215.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.022 Abstract ( 2073 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF（pc） (1203KB) ( 975 )   Save Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis(CSS) is a kind of chronic sialadenitis, frequently involved unilateral or bilateral submandibular gland, manifested as tough pain or painless mass, and it is multiple in adult male. Its pathogenesis may be related to genetic predisposition and abnormal immune response. Laboratory examination showed the increased IgG4. CSS specific pathological features are proliferation of cellulous fibrous tissue, formation of lymphoid follicles with obvious irregular shape of the germinal centers, and a large number of IgG4 positive plasma cells infiltration is its main diagnosis basis. Glucocorticoid is considered to be the most effective drugs against the IgG4 related disease, but the recurrence rate of the treatment is high. The disease has more than a hundred years of history, but its pathogenesis, diagnosis standard and effective treatment remains uncertain, we believe that with the more widely and deeply research of the disease, the above problems will be solved gradually. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the escape of periodontal pathogens to immune response mechanisms Ma Shanshan, Zhou Yanmin, Zhang Ruwen, Ma Yao, Fang Tengjiaozi, Sun Qianyue, Li Wen Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  216-220.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.023 Abstract ( 1064 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF（pc） (1143KB) ( 1241 )   Save Periodontal pathogens can cause chronic inflammation in periodontal tissues resulting from hyperinflammatory responses of the host, which could further aggravate periodontal tissue damage. In this review, the immune defense mechanism of the gingival sulcus, the susceptibility of these microbes to host defense mechanisms, and the immune response of neutrophils and gingival epithelial cells against periodontal pathogens are described. This review demonstrates that real periodontal pathogens cannot stimulateor suppress the host immune response and thus evade host defense mechanisms, thereby causing periodontitis. This review provides a reference for early prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation studies on peri-implantitis and interleukin Sun Zhixin, Zhang Yuntao Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  221-224.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.024 Abstract ( 1045 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (1178KB) ( 1308 )   Save Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory process that affects the tissues around a functioning osseointegrated implant, resulting in loss of supporting bone, failure of osseointegration, and even loss of the implant. The incidence rate of peri-implant inflammation is about 4%-15%. Interleukin, a multi-functional cytokine involved in inflammatory reactions and immune responses around oral implants, performs an important function in the occurrence and development of periimplantitis. Blockage of soluble interleukin receptors offers great potential for treating peri-implantitis. A study of the immunoregulatory functions of interleukin is greatly significant for understanding the pathogenic mechanism and clinical treatment of peri-implantitis. This study aims to describe advances on the study of peri-implant tissues, the major risk factors of peri-implantitis, and the significance of interleukin in gingival crevicular fluid. Related Articles | Metrics

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Helper T cells and its balance and periodontitis Wang Jianqi, Xu Lihua Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  225-230.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.025 Abstract ( 1328 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (1204KB) ( 1277 )   Save CD4+ T-lymphocytes can be divided into helper T cells(Th 1, 2, and 17) when stimulated with external factors, such as bacteria or viruses. Th1 cells mainly secrete interferon(IFN)-γ, interleukin(IL)-2, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-β, which may result in inflammation and tissue destruction. Th2 cells mainly secrete IL-4, 5, 6, and 10, which are negative regulators or protection factors in inflammation sites. Th17 cells express IL-23 receptor and secrete IL-6, IL-17, and transforming growth factor-β, which are important pre-inflammatory cytokines. Th1 cells can aggravate The degree of periodontal tissue inflammation and alveolar bone destruction. Th2 cells can also protect periodontal tissues and reduce lesion severity. In addition, Th17 cells play an important role in chronic periodontitis inflammation and bone destruction. Th2 cells confer protection by controlling the production and biological effect of These cytokines and can block abnormal immune processes; hence, Th2 cells can be used in clinical assessment and control of chronic inflammation of periodontitis. Research in this direction may provide Theoretical basis for treatment of periodontitis with different cytokines. Related Articles | Metrics

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Platelet-rich fibrin and other biological materials used jointly for periodontal tissue repair Guo Tianqi, Zhou Yanmin, Zhao Jinghui, Chu Shunli, Sun Qianyue, Luo Wenjing, Ma Shanshan Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  231-236.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.026 Abstract ( 1178 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (1238KB) ( 1272 )   Save Platelet-rich fibrin(PRF) is derived from autologous blood without adding heterology or artificial agents. PRF presents a special microstructure that provides a compatible substrate for cell proliferation and migration. PRF also contains various cytokines that can promote healing and regeneration of damaged tissues. The feasibility of applying PRF as a biological scaffold to repair periodontal tissues and combining it with other biomaterials to refine repairing effect has been investigated by many researchers. The mechanism of PRF in promoting tissue regeneration has been further studied. This paper presents a review of studies on the application of PRF combined with other biological materials in periodontal tissue repair and the molecular mechanism of PRF in promoting tissue regeneration. However, the mechanisms of PRF in promoting tissue regeneration must be further elucidated. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rat sarcoma virus gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma Liu Min, Wang Xuxia Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  237-242.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.027 Abstract ( 1272 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF（pc） (1192KB) ( 1305 )   Save In oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC), the mutation frequencies of subtype Harvey rat sarcoma virus(RAS), Kirsten RAS, and neuroblastoma RAS of the RAS gene are 11.2%(140/1 251), 4.5%(35/786), and 0.3%(1/375), respectively. RAS mutations occur mostly in 12, 13, and 61 codon sites and consistently generate active RAS, which can activate and rapidly accelerate the fibrosarcoma-mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-protein kinase B downstream signaling pathways. In these pathways, cells undergo aberrant proliferation and differentiation that can lead to malignancy. Hence, RAS and downstream signaling molecules are molecular therapeutic targets in OSCC. This review focuses on the mutation, activation mechanism, and therapeutic target of RAS in OSCC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of β-catenin and its role in the occurrence of palate Pang Xiaoxiao, Li Chenghao, Shi Bing Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (2):  243-247.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.02.028 Abstract ( 1064 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (1188KB) ( 1010 )   Save Palate is caused by various genes that regulate morphogenesis, and any abnormal regulation may lead to cleft palate. A large number of palatogenesis genes and related cytokines have been found; in these genes, beta catenin and wingless-type mouse breast tumor virus integration site family(WNT) interact to form the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. This pathway widely participates in the occurrence of palates. The formation, migration, and differentiation of WNT/β-catenin are closely related to those of neural crest cells. The WNT/β-catenin signaling regulates the processes involved in growth, development of head and facial skeletal muscles, adjustment of palate fusion, and regulation of palatal wrinkle formation. This paper summarized and reviewed the role of beta catenin on palatogenesis. Related Articles | Metrics