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01 September 2019, Volume 46 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Research on block anesthesia of posterior superior alveolar nerve Hua Chengge Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  497-502.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019086 Abstract ( 2363 )   HTML ( 100 )   PDF（pc） (4395KB) ( 891 )   Save Posterior alveolar nerve block is a common anesthesia technique in oro-dental clinics. However, some clinicians are reluctant to use it because of several adverse reactions and uncertainty with the anesthetic effect. Based on published literature and the author’s experience, this article discusses the related anatomy, clinical operation, adverse reactions, and countermeasures of posterior superior alveolar nerve-block anesthesia. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics

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Comparison of apical and coronal extrusions with the use of four kinds of engine-driven instrumentation systems Lu Yan,Wu Bin,Yan Hui Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  503-508.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019084 Abstract ( 944 )   HTML ( 27 )   PDF（pc） (3245KB) ( 461 )   Save Objective The aim of this study is to quantitatively compare the apical and coronal extrusions of two single-file reciprocating systems (Reciproc and WaveOne) and two full-sequence rotaries (M3 and ProTaper) to decrease the flare-up and increase the comfort during the root canal treatment. Methods Eighty extracted mandibular anterior teeth were randomly assigned to four groups. The root canals were instrumented with Reciproc, WaveOne, M3 and ProTaper instruments, respectively. The apical and coronal extrusions were measured and analyzed using SPSS 17.0. Results Reciproc and WaveOne instruments produced significantly less apical extrusions than M3 and ProTaper instruments (P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in coronal extrusion (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between apical and coronal extrusions (P>0.05). The working length (WL) was negatively correlated with the coronal extrusion (P<0.05), but no significant relationship with the apical extrusion (P>0.05) was evident. Conclusion All of the systems caused apical extrusion during the root canal instrumentation. The use of reciprocating single-file systems resulted in less apical extrusion of debris than full-sequence rotary instruments. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnosis and treatment of taurodontism Leng Sha,Huang Dingming,Gao Yuan,Zhang Lan,Xu Weizhe,Fu Yujie Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  509-515.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019063 Abstract ( 8139 )   HTML ( 193 )   PDF（pc） (4161KB) ( 1902 )   Save Understanding the root-canal system is vital and benefits canal cleanliness, shape, and block when performing root canal treatment. However, tooth genesis and development are regulated by genes and affected by the environment. Taurodontism, a rare tooth anomaly, is featured with enlarged pulp chamber, apical displacement of the pulp floor, root bifurcation, and variations in root canal. Dealing with this disease through root canal treatment is challenging and prognosis is uncertain. Thus, taurodontism diagnosis and treatment are important. This article focuses on taurodontism pathogenesis, diagnosis, classification, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis and summarizes some views for dentists. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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External cervical resorption Chen Xue,Li Shu Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  516-521.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019073 Abstract ( 1825 )   HTML ( 58 )   PDF（pc） (2939KB) ( 901 )   Save External cervical resorption (ECR) is an uncommon form of root resorption. The etiology and pathogenesis of ECR remains obscure. The resorption is generally found serendipitously by radiological examination. Patients are commonly asymptomatic at the early stage; thus, they often miss the best chance to treat ECR. ECR is difficult to diagnose and treat. However, when left untreated, ECR leads to progressive, irreversible loss of hard dental tissue and even teeth extraction. Reports about ECR worldwide are few, most of which are case reports. This paper will systematically review the predisposing factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, radiological presentation, histopathology, clinical diagnosis and subsequent treatment of ECR to provide a reference for clinicians. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Non-instrumental technique and multi-acoustic ultra-clean system for root-canal treatment Xu Qing’an,Fan Mingwen Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  522-525.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019088 Abstract ( 1063 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF（pc） (1160KB) ( 460 )   Save Non-instrumental technique for root canal treatment has evolved from concept to product over the past half century. This technique attempts to change traditional root-canal therapy technologies and methods but fails to achieve widespread clinical application. GentleWave has been developed from non-instrumental technique, an increasing number of clinical studies have proven its effectiveness. This paper reviews these two technologies. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Original Articles

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Research on mechanical property of Co-Cr alloy and polyetheretherketone frameworks of removable partial denture: a three-dimensional finite element analysis Chen Xin,Mao Bochun,Lu Yuqing,Dong Bo,Zhu Zhuoli,Yue Li,Yu Haiyang Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  526-531.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019087 Abstract ( 2794 )   HTML ( 31 )   PDF（pc） (4127KB) ( 525 )   Save Objective To compare the different displacement of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) frameworks of removable partial denture (RPD) on a patient’s abutment teeth, mucosa and the stress distribution on the frameworks. Methods A patient with Kennedy Class Ⅰ was chosen. The RPD in vivo model with two different framework materials was built by the scanned data of the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and master models, which were processed by Mimics, Geo- magic studio, EXO-CAD and Abaqus/CAE. The displacement and stress distribution of the models were investigated. Results The maximum displacement of abutment teeth and the stress on the PEEK framework were smaller than that of Co-Cr alloy. The maximum mucosa displacement of the PEEK framework was larger than that of Co-Cr alloy, with an even distribution. Conclusion For patients with distal-extension absence defect, the PEEK framework can protect the abutment teeth and periodontal ligament. Stress is even and relatively small inside the framework. However, the PEEK framework will increase the stress on the mucosa of the edentulous ridge, which is harmful for patients with bad mucosa and bone loss condition. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Shift of microbial composition of peri-implant gingival crevicular fluid as revealed by 16S ribosomal DNA high-throughput sequencing Qing Wei,Huang Lijuan,Zheng Jiajun,Ren Jing,Li Chenglong,Tuo Qiang,Ren Xiaohua,Mu Yandong Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  532-539.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019052 Abstract ( 1191 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF（pc） (2199KB) ( 614 )   Save Objective Microbes in gingival crevicular fluid are the key components of the subgingival microecosystem around implants and are closely related to implant health. Methods The microbial structure and diversity of 30 gingival crevicular bacteria were analysed by Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing technology. Results The Shannon indices of the peri-implantitis group were lower than those of healthy natural teeth and healthy implants (P<0.05). The bacterial communities mainly belong to Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and 12 other phyla, and Prevotella, Treponema, Leptotrichia, Actinomyces, Streptococcus, Butyrivibrio and 491 other genera. At the phylum level, the Bacteroides was relatively high in the periimplan-titis group (P<0.05). Butyrivibrio is one of the dominant bacteria in peri-implant inflammation. The increase in isobutyric acid may be one of the factors leading to disease state. Conclusion Healthy implants exhibit abundant microbial polymorphisms, which are consistent with healthy natural teeth. When the tissues around the implants are exposed to inflammation caused by pathogenic bacteria, the abundance of related pathogens is increased, and its diversity declines. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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Research progress on non-coding RNA in odontoblastic differentiation of dental tissue-derived stem cells Zhang Kaiying,Fang Fuchun,Wu Buling Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  540-545.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019075 Abstract ( 765 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF（pc） (1243KB) ( 305 )   Save Dental tissue-derived stem cells, adult stem cells obtained from dental tissues, exhibit self-renewal and multiple differentiation potentials. Odontoblastic differentiation, as an important generation procedure of reparative dentin, is modulated by many transcriptional and post-transcriptional factors. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are thought to play an important role in the odontoblastic differentiation of dental tissue-derived stem cells, especially dental pulp stem cells. ncRNAs are crucial to the regulation of differentiation and maintenance of cell differentiation characteristics. The developments in research technologies enable the regulatory mechanism of ncRNAs to be intensively and furtherly elucidated. Focusing on the function, regulation of target genes and pathways, we reviewed the mechanism of ncRNAs during the odontoblastic differentiation of dental tissue-derived stem cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the mechanism of palatal shelf elevation Wang Yahong,Li Chenghao,Shi Bing Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  546-551.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019049 Abstract ( 708 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF（pc） (1222KB) ( 897 )   Save Cleft palate is a polygenic genetic disease caused by genetic and environmental interaction. The formation of mammalian secondary palate involves multiple developmental events, including growth, elevation and fusion. Perturbation of any of these processes could cause cleft palate. Defects related to the elevation process commonly cause cleft palate. In recent years, the mechanism of palatal shelf growth and fusion has been a research hotspot in palate development. Compared with advances in those aspects, little progress has been achieved in palatal shelf elevation. Although many mutant mice show delay or defects in shelf elevation, the mechanism of this process still remains elusive because of the scarce knowledge about its cellular and molecular basis. In this paper, we summarise major recent advances and integrate the related genes and molecular pathways with the cellular and morphogenetic processes of palatal shelf elevation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on metal-organic frameworks and their complex in biomedical field Jiang Xiaoge,Wu Jiaxin,Pei Xibo Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  552-557.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019053 Abstract ( 1135 )   HTML ( 30 )   PDF（pc） (1280KB) ( 969 )   Save Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), also known as coordination polymers, is a new type of organic-inorganic hybrid crystalline porous materials. It is composed of a metal ion or metal ion cluster as the node and a polydentate organic ligand as the join point. The regular network skeleton structure is formed by their self-assembly. The special property of MOFs and their complex promotes their applications in biomedicine. The research directions at present include implant surface coating modification, drug loading, gas storage and imaging. The review of the literature attempts to address the application of MOFs in biomedicine. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevention and treatment strategy for oral mucositis by chemoradiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma Wei Binbin,Xiao Miao,Sun Zhe,Yi Yuli Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  558-564.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019078 Abstract ( 780 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF（pc） (1340KB) ( 430 )   Save Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck, is prevalent in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces (autonomous region) in China, and oral mucositis induced by chemoradiotherapy is frequent. This paper reviews the current situation, etiology and pathogenesis of oral mucositis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and advances in preventive measure, such as preventive intervention, medication intervention, dietary intervention, psychological intervention and rehabilitation exercise, aiming to provide suggestions for clinical practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in electrospun fibres as periodontal drug delivery systems Cheng Guoping,Ding Yi,Guo Shujuan Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  565-570.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019079 Abstract ( 809 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF（pc） (1329KB) ( 350 )   Save Electrospun synthesizes nanometer or micrometer fibers used by polymer solutions or melts under high-voltage electric fields. Electrospun fibers have the advantages of good biocompatibility, large specific surface area, high porosity, easy modification and low cost, they are widely used in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, wound dressing, medical textile materials and drug delivery systems. Electrospun fibres also have good application prospects as periodontal drug delivery systems. Progress in electrospun fibres as periodontal drug delivery systems is summarized. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on abutment technical complications in fixed implant-supported prostheses Fu Xunan,Xie Zhigang Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  571-577.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019072 Abstract ( 1100 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF（pc） (1488KB) ( 775 )   Save The implant survival rate has significantly increased. However, the complications of implant prostheses cannot be ignored, especially technical complications. As an important part of implant-supported prostheses, abutments are used to connect the implants and support the superstructures. However, the interfaces between abutment and implant, abutment and superstructures are easy to produce stress concentration that are also the predilection sites for technical complications. Common technical complications of abutments include loose or fractured abutments and screws. The technical complications of abutments affect the success of fixed implant-supported prostheses. This paper aims to discuss the predisposing factors, prevention, and treatment options of the technical complications of abutments in fixed implant-supported prostheses. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of orthodontic treatment on changes in upper airway and peripheral structure in patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion Chen Yu,Jiang Huan,Liu Nan,Lu Chenmeng,Tang Zhongyuan,Han Ruyu,Hu Min Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  578-584.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019082 Abstract ( 1009 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF（pc） (1468KB) ( 638 )   Save Skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion is a common malocclusion that affects not only the stomatognathic function and profile aesthetics but also the structure and function of the respiratory system. Patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion are the high-risk groups of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. As the important physiological structure of the human craniomaxillofacial region, the shape, size and patency of the upper airway affect normal breathing and sleep directly. Malocclusion correction can affect the dental and maxillofacial structure to a certain extent. The upper airway is a part of the dental and maxillofacial structure that may also change. This article reviews the physiological characteristics of the upper airway in patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion and the effect of different orthodontic treatments on the upper airway in patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on second primary carcinoma of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Hao Fu,Sun Rui Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  585-592.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019068 Abstract ( 845 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF（pc） (1597KB) ( 311 )   Save Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common lethal disease, in which the formation of postoperative second primary carcinoma (SPC) mainly causes the decline of long-term survival rate. The occurrence of SPC is related to smoking, alcohol consumption, betel nut chewing, and other risk factors. Furthermore, SPC also involves the abnormal expression of related proteins and increase in genetic susceptibility caused by genetic polymorphisms in carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Therefore, mastering the risk factors and molecular mechanisms of SPC is highly important in screening high-risk populations of SPC and in protocol development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of methylation on the occurrence and development of periodontitis and its clinical application Jiang Yiyang,Liu Yi Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  593-603.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019056 Abstract ( 1001 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF（pc） (3067KB) ( 628 )   Save Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the supporting periodontal tissues caused by local factors. The counterbalance between bacterial infection and host immune response influences the occurrence and development of this disease. As a kind of epigenetic modification, methylation plays a critical role in this process and has become a research hotspot in recent years. Methylation can activate or inhibit certain genes by altering the structure of chromatin, thereby affecting the expression of inflammatory factors, signaling molecules, and extracellular matrix molecules during inflammation. Thus, methylation can regulate host immunity. Studying methylation patterns can contribute to the public understanding of periodontitis and have profound clinical significance. New ways to treat periodontitis and improve its prognosis need to be explored. This article reviews the research progress of periodontitis from the perspective of methylation modification. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on recurrent sialoliths in residual Wharton’s duct Zhang Xiaomin,Gao Ying Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  604-608.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019061 Abstract ( 973 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (1407KB) ( 635 )   Save The recurrence of sialoliths in residual Wharton’s duct is a long-term complication after submandibular gland excision due to glandular dysfunction caused by chronic submaxillaritis secondary to sialoliths. This condition presents with a painful and solid mass at the floor of the mouth or submandibular area. The recurrence of sialoliths in residual Wharton’s duct due to the lack of attention from clinicians has been rarely reported. To guide clinical operations, our review summarizes current knowledge on the causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this complication. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Oral chronic graft versus host disease Zhou Yuxi,Yong Xiangzhi,Jiang Qiaozhi,Tao Renchuan Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  609-616.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019057 Abstract ( 1120 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF（pc） (1767KB) ( 538 )   Save Chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) is a syndrome that manifests as an autoimmune disease. Oral lesions, called oral cGVHD, can exist independently and often present as chronic inflammation of the oral mucosa and salivary gland fibrosis. Timely and effective diagnosis and treatment of oral cGVHD can help reduce the suffering of patients and improve their quality of life. However, current understanding of oral cGVHD pathogenesis is limited. This review focuses on the progress of the clinical manifestations, pathological manifestations, pathogenesis, and treatment of oral cGVHD. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the brain structure and function of patients with cleft lip and palate Deng Chengdan,Shi Bing,Li Yang Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (5):  617-620.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019055 Abstract ( 670 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF（pc） (1294KB) ( 176 )   Save Cleft lip and cleft palate are highly common congenital disabilities. In addition to the obvious facial deformity, the brain of a patient with cleft lip and palate differs from that of a normal person. The development of advanced detection technologies is enabling detailed studies on the brain of patients with cleft lip and palate. This article reviews the progress of research on such patients’ brain to examine and understand their brain structures and functions. References | Related Articles | Metrics