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20 March 2010, Volume 37 Issue 02 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study of chemical characteristics and water affinity on nano-granule titanium film YANG Zhenyu, YOU Meng, WANG Hu, LIU Yuan-yuan, LI Ming-xia, BA Kai, LIN Ying-jie. Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  125-127.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.001 Abstract ( 2224 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF（pc） (162KB) ( 1318 )   Save Objective To construct four nano-granule titanium film models and investigate their surface chemical characteristics and water affinities. Methods Different titanium films were prepared under temperatures control by direct current magnetron sputtering. Surface chemical elements and their mass fractions of samples in ambient group, 100 ℃ group, 250 ℃ group and 380 ℃ group were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and their water affinities were measured by stable contact angle tests respectively. Results The elements of titanium, oxygen and carbon were detected on all samples with approximate contents. The differences of percentage content on oxygen and carbon were significant between control group and 380 ℃ group. There were significant differences of contact angles between control group and all other groups by water contact angles tests with the minimum contact angle in control group. No statistical difference of contact angles existed between ambient group and all other groups but with 100 ℃ group. A larger angle showed in ambient group. Conclusion In this study, nano-granule titanium film models in all groups shared the similar chemical compositions and contents. The differences of water affinity mainly came from superficial topography variation. The specificity of titanium substrate would cause poorer water affinities in filmed groups than that in control group. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research about the safe zones of microscrews for orthodontic anchorage positionin WEI Xing, ZHAO Li-xing, XU Zhen-rui, TANG Na, ZHAO Zhi-he Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  128-132.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.002 Abstract ( 3697 )   HTML ( 44 )   PDF（pc） (197KB) ( 2780 )   Save Objective To study the anatomical characteristics of Chinese alveolar bone to determine the safe zones of microscrews placement which are used for orthodontic anchorage. Methods Twenty-one normal Chinese jaws were scanned and reconstructed with helical CT technology. The mesiodistal and the buccolingual parameters were measured at the 3, 5, 7 and 9 mm from the alveolar crest. Results 1）In the anterior area of maxilla, the widest mesiodistal distance between roots was between the lateral incisor and the canine, the narrowest mesiodistal distance between roots was between the central incisor and the lateral incisor; in the posterior area of maxilla, the widest mesiodistal distance between roots was between the second premolar and the first molar, the narrowest mesiodistal distance between roots was between the first molar and the second molar. In the buccolingual dimension, the greatest bone thickness was between the first molar and the second molar, the least bone thickness was between the central incisor and the lateral incisor. 2）In the mandible, the widest mesiodistal distance between roots was between the first molar and the second molar, the narrowest mesiodistal distance between roots was between the central incisor and the lateral incisor. In the buccolingual dimension, the greatest bone thickness was between the first molar and the second molar, the least bone thickness was between the central incisors. Conclusion The reconstructed images of helical CT were high qualitative, which could fully identify the relationship of alveolar bone and the space between roots. Therefore, we provided the reference and indications for a safe application of the microscrews in the Chinese alvelar bone. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Astragalus polysaccharide on the proliferation differentiation LIU Yu-rong, ZHANG Chao-liang, KONG Xiang-li, CHEN Si-xiu, LI Xiao-yu. Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  133-133～137.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.003 Abstract ( 1865 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (745KB) ( 1509 )   Save Objective To investigate the effect of Astragalus polysaccharide（APS） on the proliferation differentiation and structure of neonate rat calvarium osteoblasts in vitro. Methods Osteoblasts were cultured in vitro with APS of 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 g·L－1. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, capacity of alkaline phosphatase and cell structure were detected to determine osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation. Results APS concentration of 0.1 g·L－1 can improve the osteoblasts proliferation rate and alkaline phosphatase activity and have no negative influence on the structure of cells. Conclusion APS with proper mass concentration in culture may promote osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of collagen sponge on mandibular distraction osteogenesis NIU Gang, ZHENG Jie, WU Ye. Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  138-138～140,145.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.004 Abstract ( 1823 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF（pc） (285KB) ( 971 )   Save Objective To establish a goat model for mandibular distraction and study the effects of collagen sponge on the early distraction osteogenesis. Methods Six goats were used in this study. Osteotomy was performed in the mandibular and then the distractor was placed. After 4 days latency, the goats were distracted with 0.5 mm twice per day for 10 days followed by a consolidation period. The distracted mandibles were harvested after 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks of consolidation and the appearance of samples, radiological changes, bone mineral density, bone mineral content and histology were examined. Results The experimental procedure has been well tolerated by all animals and the expected distraction length was successfully achieved. The early osteogenesis of the experimented is obviously better than the contrastive of the same time. Conclusion The goat is a perfect mandibular distraction model. Collagen sponge may be effective in the early osteogenesis of bone distraction and could shorten the consolidation period. Related Articles | Metrics

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The clinical study on Angle class Ⅱ malocclusion with molar′s extraction ZHANG Zi-yang, LI Yu-ru, HUANG Tong. Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  141-141～145.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.005 Abstract ( 1828 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (496KB) ( 973 )   Save Objective To provide a guide on the clinic treatment plan of Angle class Ⅱ malocclusion by analysis the indication of extracting molars. Methods 12 patients were treated by MBT technique after their first or second molar′s extraction in maxilla and the third molar′s extraction in mandible. Compared the difference of the cephalometric analysis before and after treatment. Results 4 indexes were significant difference within all of the 10 subjects. These differences showed that the disparity between 2 methods both in teeth and bone. Conclusion Angle class Ⅱ malocclusion can be managed successfully in virtue of molar′s extraction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of cigarette smoke inhalation on the osteointegration of implants in ra LI Dai, HOU Yu-dong Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  146-146～149,153.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.006 Abstract ( 1981 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (609KB) ( 1078 )   Save Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoke inhalation（CSI） on the osteointegration of pure titanium implants in the tibiae bone of rats. Methods After anesthesia, a pure titanium implant was placed in the right tibia of each rat. According to the time of smoking, 32 rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Namely, the control group, smoking cessation group and continuous smoking group. 3 months later, double energy X-ray absorptiometry and radiological observations were obtained. At the end of the experimental period, the animal were sacrificed, the tibiae were removed for the scanning electron microscope（SEM）. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 software package for one-way ANOVA. Results The results showed that continuous cigarette smoking promoted a significantly reduced bone density in the boneimplant area and tibiae（F=6.808, P＜0.05）. Poor osteointegration was obtained by X-ray and SEM. Conclusion Within in the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that cigarette smoke inhalation has a negative effect on osteointegration of implant inserted in rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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nfluence of reinforcement designs in metal frameworks on the strength of veneerin CHEN Ming-sheng, MENG Yu-kun, XU Jiang, LI Zhong-jie Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  150-150～153.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.007 Abstract ( 2162 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (146KB) ( 1182 )   Save Objective To compare the effect of 3 different reinforcement designs in the metal frameworks on the strength of veneering porcelain of 4-unit metal-ceramic fixed bridges by means of load-to-failure method. Methods 4-unit metal-ceramic fixed bridges with contiguous missing of C5 and C6, with C4 and C7 as abutments were fabricated, with 3 different reinforcement designs of the metal frameworks: Non-reinforcement, lingual punctuate metal reinforcement, and lingual linear metal reinforcement. After cementation of the bridge, vertical loads were then applied on the occlusal surface at the center of the pontics on a testing machine（at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm·min-1） until the first sign of porcelain crack appeared. Load-to-failure forces and modes of porcelain failure were recorded. The load-to-failure forces among the three different reinforcement design groups were statistically analyzed with SPSS 11.0 software, using one-way ANOVA and SNK comparison（α=0.05）, and the modes of porcelain failure were also compared. Results The load-to-failure forces of the bridges in the three reinforcement design groups were（0.87 ±0.06）kN（non -reinforcement）, （1.03 ±0.15）kN（lingual punctate metal reinforcement）, and（0.93±0.10）kN（lingual linear metal reinforcement） respectively. Significant difference was found between non-reinforcement and lingual punctate metal reinforcement group（P <0.05）, while no significant difference was found between the other groups（P >0.05）. The modes of porcelain fracture were about the same in the three groups. Conclusion The bridges with punctuate reinforcement demonstrated the maximal load-to-failure forces. Related Articles | Metrics

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The correlation between temporomandibular joint maturity and second molar root de LIU Yuan-yuan, WANG Hu, YANG Zhen-yu, BA Kai, LI Ming-xia, LIU Li Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  154-154～156.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.008 Abstract ( 2038 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (105KB) ( 1180 )   Save Objective To study temporomandibular joint（TMJ） on the radiographs before orthodontic treatment in adolescents and analyze the correlation between TMJ maturity and second molar root development. Methods 52 adolescents aged 12-14 were chosen. The panoramics and lateral Schüller projections were collected, through which the bone maturity of TMJ and the development of second molar root could be made. The maturity rating about TMJ and second molar root development was established respectively. And then the correlation analysis was done. Results The general trends of the developments of three parts of TMJ were the same, in which the correlation coefficient between articular eminence and articular fossa was 0.709. The development of second molar root especially closely related with the maturity of the condyle, because the correlation coefficient between the two parts was 0.576, comparatively the correlation coefficient between second molar root and eminence or fossa were 0.064 or 0.091. Conclusion TMJ in adolescents is just at the maturing stage, but the degree of the development is not consistent in the same age level. The development of second molar root can be used to describe the condyle maturity according to the close relationship between the both in radiograph. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of various methods for cleaning Candida albicans biofilm formed on dentur LI Li-na, Young Kim, SHU Yi, Renate Lux, TIAN Min, Prasad Adusumilli, Zvi Loewy, GUO Hong Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  157-157～160.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.009 Abstract ( 2261 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF（pc） (272KB) ( 1231 )   Save Objective To evaluate the effect of different denture hygiene methods against Candida albicans（C. albicans） biofilms formed on acrylic resin denture material. Methods The following methods were used to remove the C.albicans biofilms formed on denture surfaces: 1）Chemical（immersion in solutions）; 2）Mechanical（brushing）; 3） A combination of chemical and mechanical treatments（immersion followed by brushing）. The residual biofilms were mechanically disrupted after a re-growth period of 0, 6, 24 h, respectively, followed by plating and colony forming unit enumeration. Results The level of mechanical treatments for reducing viable biofilm cell counts varied among different brands of toothpastes. The chemical treatment adopted in this study did not show any reduction in cell viability. The combination chemical and mechanical removal treatment with Polident exhibited the most dramatic reduction, with no detectable viable cells even after a 24 h ofre-growth period. Conclusion The denture hygiene methods adopted in this study exhibited varying efficacies and durations of C. albicans biofilm removal from acrylic denture material with the procedure recommended for Polident displaying the best killing and most sustainable effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of remifentanil complexed propofol by micro pump in children′s c XING Hong-ping, LIU Xin-hua, WANG Jun-xi, DU Yue-mei Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  161-161～162,169.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.010 Abstract ( 1716 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (129KB) ( 903 )   Save Objective To compare the haemodynamics and awake grade influence to children between intravenous infusion remifentanil complexed propofol and ketamine complexed propofol by micro pump in children′s cleft lip repair. Methods We choosed 600 children with cleft lip whose age were 3 to 12 months and Ⅰ to Ⅱ grade in ASA and divided them into remifentanil complexed propofol group（group R） and ketamine complexed propofol group（group K） in random. Every group had 300 cases. After anesthesia induction routly, group R was anesthetized by intravenous infusion remifentanil complexed propofol and group K was anesthetized by ketamine complexed propofol. Two groups were band snuff air tube with reserve air bag and remained spontaneously breathing. All drugs were stopped 5 minutes before the end of the operation. During operation, heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, saturation of blood oxygen, tease tube time and awake grade were recorded. Results During operation, blood pressure and heart rate were higher in group K than in group R. Awake grade and tease tube time were longer in group K than in group R. There was a significant difference between two groups（P <0.05）. However, there were not significant difference between respiration rate and saturation of blood oxygen. Conclusion The method of intravenous infusion remifentanil complexed propofol by micro pump was better in children ′s cheilognathus prothesis operation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of hydroxyapatite binding proteins and peptides WEI Wei, LIU Yan, MAO Jing, ZHOU Bin Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  163-163～165.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.011 Abstract ( 1810 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (111KB) ( 1172 )   Save There are many natural protein able to bind to hydroxyapatite crystal. Some of these macromolecules recognize the special structure of the crystal surface and play an important role in biomineralization. However, the exact mechanism of the interfacial recognition and how macromolecules govern hard-tissue formation are still unknown. Recently, combinations of biomimetics and molecular biology have been developed to understand the recognition between macromolecules and inorganic surface, which might stimulate the research of new biomaterials. Here we review recent studies that have revealed the recognition at the protein-hydroxyapatite or peptide-hydroxyapatite interface. Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular regulation mechanism of Nel-like type 1 molecule to the osteoblast diff ZHOU Haihua, LI Zu-bing Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  166-166～169.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.012 Abstract ( 2170 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (154KB) ( 1562 )   Save Nel-like type 1 molecule（Nell-1） is one of the novel growth factors with important biological function on the differentiation and apoptosis of osteoblasts. This review emphasized on the gene expression cascades between nell-1 and transforming growth factor or fibroblast growth factor, the signal regulation mechanisms and associated molecular signal pathways of nell-1 regulating the differentiation of osteoblasts. The effect of Nell-1 regulating the extracellular matrix（ECM） proteins that are necessary in osteogenesis and chondrogenesis has also been discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bacterial replacement therapy and dental caries SUN Jing-hua, FAN Ming-wen Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  170-170～173,177.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.013 Abstract ( 1736 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF（pc） (162KB) ( 956 )   Save The individual bacterial members of our indigeneous microbiota are actively engaged in an on-going battle to prevent colonization and overgrowth of their terrain by competing microbes, some of which might have pathogenic potential for the host. Humans have attempted to intervene in these bacterial interactions for years. Recent progress is particularly evident in the application of avirulent Streptococcus mutans to the control of dental caries, alpha hemolytic Streptococci to reduction of otitis media recurrences and Streptococcus salivarius to Streptococcal pharyngitis prevention. Here we provide a summary of the application of the replacement therapy in dental caries, including the relationship between replacement therapy and probiotics, underlying principles of replacement therapy, issues still to be addressed, benefits of replacement therapy, difficulties and possible risks, and the future outlook of replacement therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of trigeminal neuralgia and P2X receptors LIU An -dong, LEI Jie, WANG Yuan-yin, ZHOU Jian Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  174-174～177.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.014 Abstract ( 1693 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF（pc） (144KB) ( 1264 )   Save A variety of noxious stimulation can cause adenosine triphosphate（ATP） release from the cells. ATP can create correlative biological effect via P2X and P2Y receptors. Both of P2X and P2Y receptors are belonged to the P2 receptor family. The P2X receptors are non-selective cation channel receptors which can permit positive ion, such as Na+, Ca2+ and K+, to pass. P2Y receptors are a kind of G-protein-coupled receptors. Peripheral pain usually occurs in the most of middle and small neurons of the conduction of the trigeminal ganglion. Here, the recent developments of P2X receptors′ structure, distribution and biological character of trigeminal ganglion neurons were reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of oral cancer-associated fibroblast ZHENG Xiao-bin, CHEN Zuo-liang Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  178-178～181,185.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.015 Abstract ( 1689 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (173KB) ( 1242 )   Save Tumor-host interface microenvironment is composed of mesenchymal cells and extra cellular matrix components, which plays an important role in the growth, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. The most important cell component in this environment is the cancer-associated fibroblast（CAF）, which plays an important role in oral cancer development, and the tumor mesenchymal therapy which aims to CAF exploit a new path of tumor prevention and treatment. This article is an overview about CAF and its original, researching its relation with oral cancer and therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of cardiovascular disease caused by oral infection TU Yan, CHEN Hui Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  182-182～185.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.016 Abstract ( 1557 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (218KB) ( 880 )   Save Cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction occur from a set of complex genetic and environmental factors. More and more evidences suggest that oral infection is a potential risk factor of some systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease（atherosclerosis, heart disease, stroke）, pregnancy complications（spontaneous preterm） and diabetes. Clinical studies have shown that patients with perio dontitis have a higher marker of systemic inflammatory response objects, such as C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, haptoglobin, fibrinogen. In patients with periodontitis, these markers are much higher than simply acute myocardial infarction patients. This article is the summary of the mechanism of cardiovascular disease caused by oral infection. Related Articles | Metrics

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The roles of fibroblast growth factor -23 in the development of teeth GUO Ke -wu, GUO Cong -cong, WANG Hua Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  186-186～188.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.017 Abstract ( 2166 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (299KB) ( 1128 )   Save Fibroblast growth factor（FGF）-23 was identified in recent years as a new phosphaturic factor that is associated with the pathogenesis of hypophosphatemic rickets and osteomalacia, such as X-linked hypophosphatemia, autosomai dominant hypophosphatemic rickets and tumbur-induced osteomalacia. Recently, it is found that FGF-23 is not only expressed in osteoblast, but also in odontoblast, which suggests that FGF-23 may regulate the development of teeth germ. Here, we will summarize the expression and effects of FGF-23 in teeth development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of study methods on corrosion of dental alloy CHU Feng-qing, WANG Guo-ping Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  189-189～191,195.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.018 Abstract ( 1748 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (136KB) ( 1043 )   Save Dental alloy has been widely used in clinical treatment of oral disease. Various forms of corrosion would occur when metallic prosthesis was placed in oral, which would impact not only on the characteristic of materials but also on the health. This article reviewed the current study methods on the corrosion of dental alloy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical staging of mucosal melanoma of head and neck YANG Xi, GUO Wei, ZHANG Chen-ping Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  192-192～195.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.019 Abstract ( 2245 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF（pc） (124KB) ( 1578 )   Save Melanoma is the malignant tumor with high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Compared to squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck（HNSCC） which have specical tumor node metastasis（TNM） staging, mucosal melanomas of head and neck（HNMM） apply with the TNM staging proposed for the cutaneous melanomas. Since there are signifinant differences between mucosa and skin in histological structure, HNMM should have the specical staging for treatment and prognosis. This article summarized the progress in clinical staging of mucosal melanoma of oral, nasal and sinonasal cavity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Micro-computed tomography in caries research ZHANG Fang, WU Hong-kun Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  196-196～198,202.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.020 Abstract ( 2046 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (141KB) ( 924 )   Save As a tool of three-dimensional imaging for small samples, Micro-computed tomography（Micro-CT） can obtain the information of their external and internal cross-section. It can also survey and analyze their internal structure through three-dimensional reconstruction. When applied in caries research, in contrast to previous studies, Micro-CT has its own advantages such as non-breaking the integrity of the sample and monitoring the dynamic change of caries process. This article reviewed the application and promising future of Micro -CT in caries research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence factor, diagnosis and treatment of root fracture ZHANG Yan, QIN Xiao-hong Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  199-199～202.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.021 Abstract ( 1880 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (126KB) ( 1383 )   Save Once root fracture happens, the prognosis is very poor. Root fracture is closely related to some factors, such as tooth anatomy, occlusal factors, biomechanics, iatrogenic factors. Foreign and domestic scholars have carried out a great number of researches. The aim of this article was to review cause, mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of root fracture in order to provide a clinical reference. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of bioactive glass in the modification of glass ionomer cement DU Xi-jin, HUANG Cui Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  203-203～205,209.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.022 Abstract ( 2005 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (141KB) ( 1904 )   Save The bioactive glass is a special kind of glass which can form direct coupling with bone tissue, soft tissue and dentin. It is a kind of bioactive materials, and has already got an extensive application in many regions. The glass ionomer cement（GIC） is a dental restorative material used in dentistry for filling teeth and luting cements. With many advantages over other materials, it has been extensively applied in dental clinics. Bioactive glass modified glass ionomer can improve the bioactivity of the material, promote the mineralization and remineralization of the dentin and protect pulp tissue. This article reviewed the application of bioactive glass in the modification of glass ionomer cement. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on sandblasting technique in the dental ceramic restorations LI Ting, ZHANG Zhefeng, ZHOU Mi, WANG Hang Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  206-206～209.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.023 Abstract ( 2285 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (137KB) ( 1657 )   Save Current dental ceramic materials offer excellent cosmetic result and biocompatibility for highly esthetic restorations. Well bonding technique is vital to the ceramic restoration, so clinical situations require different surface treatment technologies. Resin bonding can improve the bonding strength between the complete ceramic restoration and the supporting tooth structures, and at the same time improve the rupture strength of the complete ceramic restoration. Sandblasting technique is an usual pre-bonding surface treatment technology, which can improve the bonding strength and have some effects on the fracture strength and the fitness of the ceramic restoration simultaneously. This article presents a review on research progress of sandblasting technique to dental ceramics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advancement on the changes of masticatory muscles after orthognathic sur CAO Jun, TANG En-yi Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  210-210～213.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.024 Abstract ( 1770 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (128KB) ( 1198 )   Save Orthognathic surgery breaks the primary jaw system and rebuilds the balance of occlusion to improve the mastication and feature. Following the development of medicine and the advancement of people′s concepts, orthognathic surgery was accepted by more and more patients and academic circles. But a few patients do not have a good recovery even recurred after operation. The anatomic structure of maxillofacial region is very complex. So there are many items influencing the prognosis especially the change of soft tissue. As it′s hard to observe, its course and mechanism is not very clear. This article summarized the research advancement on the changes of masticatory muscles after orthognathic surgery. Related Articles | Metrics

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The clinical application status and prospects of direct bonding-type buccal tube YIN Yan -chun, HOU Jing -qiu, PENG Hui, LI De -chao, DU Xiao -yan Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  214-214～217.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.025 Abstract ( 1795 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (125KB) ( 1026 )   Save With the development of direct bonding technique, clinicians began to bond buccal surface with metal mesh back directly on the buccal surface of anchorage tooth, which solves many shortcomings such as separation of teeth before bonding the band and remain crevice after the removal of it. The application of the technique of direct bonding-type buccal tube decreases the chair operating time of dentists, avoids the periodontal damage of anchorage tooth and also satisfies customer′s requirements of aesthetics and comfort. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the contrast between direct bonding-type buccal tube and band, the clinical application situation and prospects and the requirement on direct bonding technique of direct bonding-type buccal tube. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of TiUnite implant WU Yi-tian, WANG Jia-wei Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  218-218～220.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.026 Abstract ( 2046 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF（pc） (113KB) ( 1117 )   Save TiUnite is a new technique for modifying dental implant surface by anodic oxidation. Because of the particular surface, TiUnite implant has better osteoconduction. A great number of clinic studies indicate that Ti-Unite implant has a good long-term effect when it is used in immediate or early functional loading. Furthermore, TiUnite implant has higher successful ratios than machined implant in soft bone and posterior bone. And TiUnite implant is also in a good effect for patients with insufficient bone or needed bone reconstructive procedures. This review summarized recent research progress on it. Related Articles | Metrics

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Surface modification of dental nickel-titanium shape memory alloys XU Wei, ZHAO Ke, ZHANG Xinping Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  221-221～224.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.027 Abstract ( 2185 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF（pc） (133KB) ( 1771 )   Save Nickel -titanium shape memory alloy（NiTi SMA） are regarded as a new type of biomaterials for prosthodontics and dental implants due to their unique properties, such as shape memory effect, superelasticity and adjustable Young′s modulus. However, the serious concerns about Ni-ion release of Ni-riched NiTi SMA have posed a great challenge for the clinical applications in biomedical field. Surface modifications and coatings can prevent Ni release effectively, improve its corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, which include surface oxidation treatments, surface coatings treatments, and ion implantation treatments, etc. This article provides a review of surface modification methods, biomechanical properties and biocompatibilities for NiTi SMA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on adhesion between fiber post and resin core ZHANG Yi-lin, ZHANG Fu-qiang Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  225-225～228.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.028 Abstract ( 2313 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (127KB) ( 1319 )   Save The restoration with post-and-core systems and dental crowns is one of the main reconstructions of teeth after root canal therapy. The fiber/resin post-and-core systems are thought to have excellent mechanical and biological properties and satisfied prosthetic effect. These systems have been widely used in clinic. Recently, the adhesion between fiber post and resin core has become an area of intensive investigation. The clinical success ratio of restoration is affected by the adhesion and retention between fiber post and resin core. The factors which influence the bond strength between fiber post and resin core include the resin core material selection, fiber post selection and surface treatments of fiber post. The purpose of this article was to review recent research of these factors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on application of distraction osteogenesis in orthodontic tooth YIN Lin-ling, FANG Bing Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  229-229～232.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.029 Abstract ( 1763 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (129KB) ( 1216 )   Save Accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and completing orthodontic treatment in shorter time are what orthodontists expect. As the technology of distraction osteogenesis has been widely applied and developed in lengthening of craniofacial bone, maxilla, mandible and increasing vertical height of dentoalveolar bone, the application of distraction osteogenesis in orthodontic tooth movement has attracted more and more orthodontists′ attention. This review focused on the application of distraction osteogenesis in orthodontic tooth movement and its related research progress. Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of surface microtexture on the color expression of dentures LIU Xiao-li, LUO Yun Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  233-233～235.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.030 Abstract ( 1830 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (107KB) ( 1431 )   Save Light projecting to the surfaces of natural teeth results in different reflection or refraction index, which is caused by the different sizes of microstructures on the surfaces of teeth and may lead to the visual changes of teeth color. This article chiefly introduces natural microtextures of teeth and basic knowledge of colorimetry, then summaries the theoretical or experimental studies on the relationship between surface roughness of a subject and its color appearance in physical fields. With regard to porcelain denture in dentistry, it has been proved that surface microtextures of different sizes express different parameters of colorimetry, such as chroma, hue and value. The stability of denture color is also influenced. In addition, the polishing equipments used for dental restorations nowadays are developed day by day, so they can provide technical supports for making the shapes of denture surface microstructures. The purpose of this passage is to sum up the influences of surface microtextures on the color expression of porcelain dentures and to analyse the feasibility and significance of these relative studies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Andrews′ six elements of orofacial harmony in profile esthetics ZHANG Ke, BAI Ding Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  236-236～239.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.031 Abstract ( 3297 )   HTML ( 51 )   PDF（pc） (128KB) ( 3145 )   Save Traditional orthodontic treatment often gives high priority to neutralizing inter-arch relationships, which is hard to predict if the esthetical soft tissue profile can be achieved. To make up to the flaws, Andrews posted six elements of orofacial harmony. With the help of the six elements of orofacial harmony, the harmony and longterm health potential of the orofacial complex were maximized. Andrews′ six elements of orofacial harmony is based on balanced position and relationship of the teeth and the jaws, which is complete and universal. Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of maxillary impacted central incisor WANG Xiang-shan, HU Rong-dang Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  240-240～243.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.032 Abstract ( 2189 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF（pc） (133KB) ( 1471 )   Save Treatments for the maxillary impacted central incisors consist of many approaches, such as resistant reducing technique, surgical exposure combined with orthodontic traction, surgical extraction. Resistant reducing technique is just suitable for the maxillary impacted incisor with normal position and having the potential of growth, and usually it can receive a good result. Surgical exposure combined with orthodontic traction is the most popularly technique used in clinic. Surgical techniques include open eruption exposure and closed eruption exposure, and the latter is better. The most important thing in the orthodontic traction is the design of anchorage, position, direction and force of the traction. Surgical extraction and other techniques are mainly used for dilacerated impacted incisors, so they are seldom used in clinic. Related Articles | Metrics

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Microhardness analysis on external tooth bleaching SA Yue, WANG Zhe-jun, WANG Yi-ning, JIANG Tao Inter J Stomatol. 2010, 37 (02):  244-244～247.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2010.02.033 Abstract ( 2000 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (132KB) ( 1319 )   Save Microhardness measurement can provide indirect evidence of mineral loss or gain, and it is one of the most frequently used techniques for evaluating the effects of tooth bleaching products on dental hard tissue. Types of samples, bleaching agents, measurement sites, storage environment and other factors may influence the mineral content and finally make the difference of microhardness values after the bleaching process. This review summarized the application and influencing factors of microhardness measurement in enamel external tooth bleaching. Related Articles | Metrics