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01 March 2023, Volume 50 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Complications prevention and treatment after free flap reconstructive surgery for oral and maxillofacial tumor patients Li Chunjie, Bi Xiaoqin, Zhu Guiquan. Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  127-137.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023040 Abstract ( 3020 )   HTML ( 202 )   PDF（pc） (4798KB) ( 1647 )   Save Enhanced recovery is important for head and neck tumor patients, especially for those with free flap reconstruction which have numerous complications after surgery. Prevention and treatment of postoperative complications an important part for enhanced recovery after free flap reconstruction of head and neck tumor patients. In this article, we summarized the experiences in some published articles and authors’ clinical practice for the reference of related doctors, including airway management, hemorrhage control, prevention of postoperative infection, prevention of complications related to free flap reconstruction and functional complications prevention in oral and maxillofacial surgery, which could promote the application of enhanced recovery in free flap reconstructive surgery for oral and maxillofacial tumor patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Artificial Intelligence

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Research progress on artificial intelligence techniques in diagnosis of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders Lin Huiping,Xu Ting,Lin Jun. Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  138-145.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023019 Abstract ( 1997 )   HTML ( 53 )   PDF（pc） (827KB) ( 1006 )   Save Oral cancer is a quite common global health issue, with morbidity and mortality progressively increased in recent years. Enhancing early diagnosis of oral cancer, especially in the phase of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), would significantly reduce the incidence and mortality of oral cancer. However, earlier diagnosis of oral cancer and OPMD is still very challenging, and lacks of effective and efficient (traditional) medical methods. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides new insights and approaches for diagnosis of oral disease. Here we review the applications of AI to detect oral cancer and OPMD on a variety of photographic images, including histopathological images, confocal laser endomicroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, and white light images. And then, the obstacles for AI in diagnosis are also given. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of dental age evaluation based on machine learning methods Tang Yueting,Dai Jiaqi,Dong Wenxuan,Wang Hu,Guo Jixiang,You Meng Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  146-151.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023033 Abstract ( 1599 )   HTML ( 90 )   PDF（pc） (818KB) ( 741 )   Save Dental age is an important indicator of biological age and has essential application value in orthodontics, forensic dentistry, and criminal investigation. Traditional methods of dental age evaluation include atlas, scoring, and pulp cavity evaluation. These manual evaluation methods are relative cumbersome that their applications have been hampered. With the development of artificial intelligence technology and machine learning algorithms, intelligent evaluation of dental age have been gained more attention in recent years. This paper aims to provide a reference for the future research and application of dental age evaluation, summarize traditional and machine learning methods, and demonstrate the benefits and limitations of the existing approaches that are used in this topic. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Implantology

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Research progress on implantoplasty in the treatment of peri-implantitis Lu Qian,Xia Haibin,Wang Min. Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  152-158.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023031 Abstract ( 1462 )   HTML ( 84 )   PDF（pc） (808KB) ( 740 )   Save Peri-implantitis is one of the most common biological complications after implant restoration. The implant threads are exposed due to the peri-implant bone loss and gingival recession. Exposed rough surfaces are more prone to plaque accumulation than smooth surfaces. Implantoplasty is the implant surface modification through the removal of exposed threads and antibacterial decontamination of the implant surface by using a series of rotary instruments. This me-thod has shown promising results in the treatment of peri-implantitis by removing the entire outmost infected layer of titanium and reduce the roughness and plaque adhesion of implant surface. This article reviews the treatment procedure, the-rapeutic effect, postoperative problems, and complications of implantoplasty. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the influence of bucco-palatal sinus width and angle on sinus augmentation Zhu Qiuyan,Wu Daomin,Bao Jibo,Xie Zhigang. Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  159-165.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023037 Abstract ( 1960 )   HTML ( 113 )   PDF（pc） (1227KB) ( 1035 )   Save Maxillary sinus floor augmentation is one of the most predictableoptions to improve the height of vertical bone. Graft stability requires sufficient angiogenesis and cell migration involved in osteogenesis and bone remodeling. This kind of biological behavior depends to a large extent on the three-dimensional size of the maxillary sinus cavity. Including residual bone height (RBH), Schnederian membrane thickness, maxillary sinus angle, bucco-palatal sinuswidth, etc. Different studies have reported that the effect of bucco-palatal sinuswidth on osteogenesis is different, and the role of three-dimensional anatomical morphology of maxillary sinus in the process of conditional healing and mineralization after regenerative surgery is not clear. Therefore, This study reviews the effect of bucco-palatal sinuswidth and angle of maxillary sinus etc on osteogenesis after sinus floor lifting. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Original Articles

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Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 288 cases of endodontic microsurgery on anterior teeth Liang Zhiying,Zhao Yuanxi,Zhu Jiani,Su Qin. Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  166-171.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023029 Abstract ( 2817 )   HTML ( 139 )   PDF（pc） (1144KB) ( 996 )   Save Objective This study aims to analyze the clinical data of endodontic microsurgery on the anterior teeth for preventing the occurrence of refractory apical periodontitis. Methods The medical records and radiographic examination data of 288 patients (517 teeth) who received endodontic microsurgery on the anterior teeth in the hospital were collected and analyzed. Results The participants included more female patients than male patients, and the main age group was 20-29 years. Traumatic teeth accounted for the highest proportion (58.41%), followed by carious teeth (32.49%) and chronic abrasion teeth (6.58%). Anatomical abnormal teeth had the lowest proportion (2.51%). The constituent ratio of initial tooth hard tissue diseases had statistical difference between gender (P<0.05). About half of the teeth treated with first time root canal treatment had proper obturation (48.93%), with underfilling and overfilling rates of 38.24% and 12.83%, respectively. For the teeth with root canal retreatment, underfilling was 23.47% and overfilling was 33.67%. Statistical difference was found between the first time root canal treatment and the root canal retreatment in obturation quality at underfilling and overfilling (P<0.05). Although the radiographic examination showed that the teeth had right obturation, apical leakage was found by endodontic microsurgery exploration. The results of the evaluation of root canal filling quality by X-ray, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and surgical exploration had statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Most patients who underwent endodontic microsurgery on anterior teeth were young people with traumatic tooth history. Teeth with refractory apical periodontitis mostly had underfilling, overfil-ling, missing root canals, and poorly apical sealing during the root canal treatment. Treatment of traumatic teeth should be standardized in clinical work, and the quality of root canal treatment should be improved to prevent the occurrence of refractory apical periodontitis on anterior teeth. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability and validity test of the Chinese version of self-efficacy scale of oral health among pregnant women Wang Xue,Chen Manman,Nie Rong. Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  172-176.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023018 Abstract ( 411 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF（pc） (756KB) ( 607 )   Save Objective This study aims to translate the English version of the self-efficacy scale for oral health (SEOH) into Chinese and to test its reliability and validity among pregnant women. Methods The Chinese version of SEOH was formed based on the Brislin translation procedure. Its reliability and validity were tested among 499 pregnant women in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Wuhan. Results The Chinese version of SEOH included 23 items, and the content validity index was 0.913. Exploratory factor analysis extracted five common factors, and the cumulative contribution rate of variance was 68.411%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that each index met the standard and the model fitted well. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.906, and for each dimension was 0.615-0.958. Conclusion The Chinese version of SEOH has good reliability and validity, which could be used to measure the self-efficacy level of oral health care among pregnant women. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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OSID） revascularization Meta-analysis of the efficacy comparison between endodontic,Zhuanzhuan apexification Li Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  177-185.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023005 Abstract ( 880 )   HTML ( 47 )   PDF（pc） (4396KB) ( 769 )   Save Objective To explore the efficacy of pulp revascularization and apexification in the treatment of irrever-sible pulp damage in young permanent teeth by Meta-analysis. Methods Foreign language databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library) and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, SinoMed, Wanfang, and VIP) were searched from January 2001 to October 2021 for the randomized controlled trial (RCT) of two methods for the treatment of irreversible damage to young permanent dental pulp. The screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation were conducted by two members of the research team independently and in strict accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and STATA 12.0 software. Results A total of 19 RCT studies were included, and the results of the meta-analysis showed the significantly higher success rate of pulp revascularization in the treatment of irreversible damage to the pulp of young permanent teeth compared with that of apexification (P<0.05). Pulp revascularization also promoted the increase in tube wall thickness (P<0.05), root extension (P<0.05), and the incidence of complications (P<0.05). Conclusion Pulp revascularization has a higher success rate and a better efficacy in promoting root development than apexification. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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Research progress on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth with different endodontic access cavities Wang Mudan,Song Dongzhe,Huang Dingming. Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  186-194.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023035 Abstract ( 2487 )   HTML ( 259 )   PDF（pc） (2106KB) ( 1729 )   Save Root canal therapy is one of the most common and effective methods for treating pulp and periapical disea-ses. The loss of dental tissue during treatment may reduce the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. The design of endodontic access cavities is closely related to the preservation of crown dental tissue. Performing minimally invasive access under the condition of ensuring the effect of root canal therapy to reduce the loss of dental tissue and improve the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth has become a research hotspot. Whether minimally invasive access, which is represented by conservative endodontic cavities, can enhance the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth compared with the traditional endodontic cavity with linear approach is controversial. This review intends to start with the design points of endodontic access cavities and the status of the research on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth with different endodontic access cavities. We reviewed correlational studies to provide fresh ideas for the application of minimally invasive access in root canal therapy. Studies confirmed that minimally invasive access can reduce the loss of crown dental tissue and stress concentration. However, an excessively minimally invasive access cannot improve the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth likely because the minimally invasive design disrupts the linear approach. Designing a new minimally invasive access to account for the preservation of crown dental tissue and the establishment of linear approach may be a future research direction. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the application of KTiOPO4 laser in tooth bleaching Zhao Yali,Wang Zhi,Gao Yang,Xin Pengfei,Zhang Kuanshou,Liu Qingmei Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  195-202.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023034 Abstract ( 537 )   HTML ( 62 )   PDF（pc） (869KB) ( 583 )   Save Laser can greatly improve the curative effect of tooth bleaching because of its high efficiency, safety, and convenience. In recent years, many kinds of lasers have been used in tooth bleaching, among which KTiOPO4 laser can be used in combination with a photosensitizer to exhibit a photodynamic effect, produce excellent bleaching effect, and confer higher safety. The special wavelength (532 nm) of this laser can also play a direct role in the photochemical oxidation of tetracycline-stained teeth. KTiOPO4 laser is expected to be used in clinical treatment of refractory tooth coloring, especially in tetracycline-stained teeth. This paper reviews the characteristics, mechanism, efficiency, and safety of KTiOPO4 laser and its comparison with other methods to provide reference for its application in clinical tooth bleaching. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of psychological factors and intervention in patients with oral cancer Wang Taiping,Shi Xinglian,Li Zhezhen,Liu Mei,Jiang Jianhong Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  203-209.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023041 Abstract ( 493 )   HTML ( 36 )   PDF（pc） (784KB) ( 478 )   Save In patients with oral cancer, psychological distress is a common social and psychological problem that se-riously affects the quality of life. Understanding its influencing factors and intervention measures will help clinical wor-kers identify this issue in time and provide psychological support to improve the quality of life of patients. By reviewing related studies on the psychological distress of patients with oral cancer, we analyzed the related influencing factors and influences of psychological distress in patients with oral cancer in detail from the aspects of sociodemographic information, somatic symptoms, disease treatment factors, disease-coping attitudes, and social factors. We also discussed the measures taken to improve psychological distress in patients with oral cancer from the aspects of psychological and information support, cognitive behavior and drug intervention, rehabilitation guidance, and health education. Our work aims to improve the identification of the influencing factors of psychological distress in patients with oral cancer by the majority of medical workers to provide a reference for the formulation of control measures with increased precision. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of flavonoids on oral microorganisms and its mechanism Chen Yifei,Zhang Binjing,Feng Shuqi,Xu Rui,Yang Shuxian,Li Yuqing Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  210-216.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023021 Abstract ( 440 )   HTML ( 31 )   PDF（pc） (763KB) ( 598 )   Save Flavonoids are natural organic compounds widely existed in plants. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research on the effects and processes of flavonoids on oral microbes such as Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans, due to their strong antibacterial activity. It demonstrates that a variety of flavonoids have an inhibitory impact on oral pathogenic bacteria and may be useful in the prevention and treatment of oral illnesses and oral health care. This review summarized the effects and mechanism of flavonoids on oral microorga-nisms and evaluated the application value of flavonoids in prevention and treatment of oral diseases and oral health care. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the genes related of the hereditary gingival fibromatosis Qiao Yuxuan,Li Ying Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  217-223.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023038 Abstract ( 497 )   HTML ( 24 )   PDF（pc） (929KB) ( 598 )   Save Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare oral genetic disease characterized by slow progressive gingival proliferation, which seriously affects chewing, speech, aesthetics and mental health. In recent years, with the deve-lopment of molecular biology and continuous progress of sequencing technology, the study of hereditary gingival fibromatosis has entered the genetic level. At present, the pathogenic mechanism of hereditary gingival fibromatosis is notentirelyclear. Meanwhile, there are a lot of results in the exploration of the pathogenic genes of hereditary gingival fibromatosis at home and abroad, but there is a lack of collation and review of relevant aspects. This paper reviews the research status of chromosomal variation regions, pathogenic genes and candidate genes in hereditary. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the clinical characteristics of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and the pathogenic mechanisms of paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 mutations Wang Jingyan,Qin Man,Wang Xin. Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  224-229.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023039 Abstract ( 1008 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF（pc） (780KB) ( 827 )   Save Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease, which usually presents eye and oral and maxillofacial developmental defects. Paired like home domain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) is one of the identified candidate pathogenic genes of ARS, and it plays an important role in regulating craniofacial and dental development. At present, most of the known ARS patients with PITX2 mutations have a wide variety of dental and (or) craniofacial abnormalities. Hypodontia, microdontia, hypoplasia of the enamel are the frequently detecteddental manifestations in patients with ARS. Facial abnormalities usually occur in the midface, including maxillary retraction and a broad flat nasal root and so on. This article aimed to review the oral related clinical characteristics of patients with ARS and the pathogenic mechanisms of PITX2 mutations, so as to provide more clues and information for the clinical and molecular diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of such patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of discoidin domain receptor 1 in the regulation of malignant tumor progression and therapy Li Tan,Liang Xin-hua. Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  230-236.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023003 Abstract ( 269 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF（pc） (938KB) ( 456 )   Save Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a special type of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that is aberrantly expressed in various tumors, including oral squamous cell carcinoma, and can regulate molecular pathways related to tumor progression. DDR1 is involved in a variety of biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, invasion, dormancy, and apoptosis, and is also closely related to tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune rejection, metabolic reprogramming, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Some DDR1 inhibitors have shown anticancer efficacy in clinical studies. This article reviews the roles of DDR1 in tumor progression and DDR1 inhibitors in tumor therapy to provide new ideas for the targeted therapy of malignant tumors. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on cleft palate repair among patients with Pierre Robin sequence Shi Jiaxin,Wang Chunyi,Li Jingtao. Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  237-242.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023002 Abstract ( 324 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF（pc） (777KB) ( 485 )   Save Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is a congenital maxillofacial anomaly featured by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and upper airway obstruction. Cleft palate occurs in over three-fourth of patients with PRS. The wide U-shape cleft and airway dysfunction bring challenges to clinical management. Currently, disputes exist on the treatment protocol and prognosis of cleft palate in patients with PRS. This review focused on the deformity features, intervention timing, technique selection, and outcome evaluation of cleft palate among patients with PRS to provide reference for the further evolution of the surgical management of PRS-related cleft palate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on bone augmentation technique in orthodontics Jiang Qingsong,Lai Wenli,Wang Yan. Int J Stomatol. 2023, 50 (2):  243-250.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2023025 Abstract ( 1763 )   HTML ( 73 )   PDF（pc） (815KB) ( 1164 )   Save Orthodontic patients often exhibit insufficient alveolar bone volumes, such as dehiscence, fenestration, and root resorption, which will increase the risk of complications during orthodontic treatment. Therefore, dentists should adequately evaluate the alveolar bone of patients to formulate and implement bone augmentation plans in time. At present, periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics, guided bone regeneration, and site preservation techniques have been used for the alveolar bone augmentation of orthodontic patients. Moreover, the development and implementation of a reasonable bone augmentation program can reduce the complications of orthodontic treatment, increase the range of tooth movement, broaden the indications of orthodontic treatment, and improve the stability of the orthodontic effect. Therefore, this review summarizes the mechanism, indications, timing, effects, and complications of alveolar bone augmentation techniques. References | Related Articles | Metrics