国际口腔医学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 272-278.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2023054

• 唇腭裂专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

唇腭裂患儿全身麻醉苏醒期躁动多维干预体系的构建研究

万雪丽1(),石永乐2,张秀芬1,王欢1,田莉1()   

  1. 1.口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室;国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心;四川大学华西口腔医院麻醉复苏室 成都 610041
    2.口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室;国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心;四川大学华西口腔医院急诊科 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-12 修回日期:2023-02-01 出版日期:2023-05-01 发布日期:2023-05-16
  • 通讯作者: 田莉
  • 作者简介:万雪丽,护师,学士,Email:1139267496@qq.com

Construction of a multi-dimensional intervention system for emergence agitation in pediatric patients with cleft lip and/or palate

Wan Xueli1(),Shi Yongle2,Zhang Xiufen1,Wang Huan1,Tian Li1()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Anesthesia and Resuscitation Room, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Emergency, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2022-10-12 Revised:2023-02-01 Online:2023-05-01 Published:2023-05-16
  • Contact: Li Tian

摘要:

目的 构建并应用唇腭裂患儿全身麻醉苏醒期躁动(EA)多维干预体系,以降低唇腭裂患儿EA发生率。 方法 专家函询法构建唇腭裂患儿EA多维干预体系。便利选取2021年11月—2022年6月入住四川大学华西口腔医院麻醉复苏室(PACU)的唇腭裂患儿119例,分试验组59例和对照组60例,试验组应用唇腭裂患儿EA多维干预体系干预,对照组常规干预,采用儿童麻醉苏醒期谵妄量表(PAED)及疼痛评估量表(FLACC)评估干预效果。 结果 唇腭裂患儿EA多维干预体系包括3项一级指标、6项二级指标、14项三级指标。试验组在PACU内、转出PACU的躁动发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),两组术后生命体征、FLACC疼痛评分及并发症的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 唇腭裂患儿EA多维干预体系具有科学性,可降低唇腭裂患儿EA的发生率,但对疼痛及术后并发症的发生尚无确定改善效果。

关键词: 多维干预, 唇腭裂, 全身麻醉苏醒期躁动, 专家函询

Abstract:

Objective We constructed and applied a multi-dimensional intervention system under general anesthesia to reduce the incidence of emergence agitation (EA) in pediatric patients with cleft lip and/or palate. Methods Expert consultation was used to construct the intervention system. We conveniently selected 119 pediatric patients with cleft lip and/or palate from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, a university-affiliated tertiary hospital in Sichuan province, from November 2021 to June 2022. The patients were divided into an experimental group of 59 cases and a control group of 60 cases. The intervention system was applied to patients in the experimental group, while routine intervention was administered to patients in the control group. The effect of the intervention was assessed using the Pediatric A-nesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale and the Face, Legs, Activity, Crying, Consolability (FLACC) scale. Results The multi-dimensional intervention system for EA included 3 primary indicators, 6 secondary indicators, and 14 tertiary indicators. Patients in PACU and those leaving from post anesthesia care unit (PACU) in the experimental group had a lower incidence of EA than the control group (P<0.05), while no statistically significant differences in the incidence of postoperative vital signs, FLACC score, and complications were found between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The proposed multi-dimensional intervention system can reduce the incidence of EA in pediatric patients with cleft lip and/or palate but has no definite improvement for the incidence of pain and postoperative complications.

Key words: multi-dimensional intervention, cleft lip and/or palate, emergence agitation, expert consultation

中图分类号: 

  • R 781.12

图1

唇腭裂患儿EA多维干预体系"

表 1

试验组干预方法"

项目措施
环境维度①硬环境:房间布局合理、宽敞明亮、监护设备及抢救物资配备齐全;②软环境:建立童趣化病房,根据患儿各年龄段喜好准备相应物资,如视频、音箱、玩具、绘本、贴纸等
医护维度①研究前由组长从EA风险评估和EA干预2个方面对小组成员进行医护培训;②培训后采用问卷星形式对培训内容进行效果反馈,保证知晓率达100%
患者维度
术前健康宣教术前1 d采取医护一体化方式进行健康宣教,补充EA相关概念、临床表现、预防措施等,并了解患儿喜好
全麻苏醒前准备动态评估患儿麻醉结束时间,提前通知家属进入PACU内进行一对一陪护,结合特定健康宣教内容再次对家属进行EA相关知识宣教,根据患儿个性化需求,提供EA干预辅助工具
全麻苏醒期干预①常规监护患儿,评估患儿手术时间、麻醉时间、禁食时间等;②对患儿进行儿童麻醉苏醒期谵妄(pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium,PAED)量表评分和FLACC(Face,Legs,Activity,Crying,Consolability)疼痛评估量表评分,若PAED量表得分≥10分且/或FLACC疼痛评估量表得分>3分,通知麻醉值班医生进行干预;③做好EA相关预防及安全管理
出室准备行出室健康宣教及转运过程中的安全管理

表 2

专家意见协调系数"

指标WDfχ2P
第1轮第2轮第1轮第2轮第1轮第2轮第1轮第2轮

一级

二级

三级

0.441

0.541

0.259

0.486

0.527

0.155

2

5

18

2

5

13

13.236

40.603

69.818

14.577

39.559

30.203

0.001

0.000

0.000

0.001

0.000

0.004

表 3

连续性变量资料的比较"

项目对照组[M(P25,P75)]试验组[M(P25,P75)]ZP
年龄/岁13.18(4.00,14.75)9.00(6.00,13.00)0.5360.592
体重/kg9.00(7.30,10.45)9.00(8.00,10.00)0.3390.734
手术时间/min87.50(71.25,106.50)81.00(70.00,95.00)1.2480.212
麻醉时间/min125.00(106.25,140.00)115.00(100.00,135.00)1.6880.091
禁食时间/min432.50(385.00,585.00)420.00(350.00,540.00)1.0710.284

表 4

分类变量资料的比较"

项目分类对照组(n/%)试验组(n/%)χ2P
性别30(50.00)27(45.76)0.2140.644
30(50.00)32(54.24)
术前诊断唇裂29(48.33)21(35.59)1.9820.159
腭裂31(51.67)38(64.41)
手术序次1次53(88.33)49(83.05)0.6780.410
2次7(11.67)10(16.95)
ASA分级<3级16(26.67)22(37.27)1.5440.214
≥3级44(73.33)37(62.71)
敷料36(60.00)45(76.66)3.6230.057
24(40.00)14(23.73)
舌线50(83.33)47(79.66)0.2660.606
10(16.67)12(20.34)
碘仿54(90.00)53(89.83)0.0010.976
6(10.00)6(10.17)
鼻成型管51(85.00)51(86.44)0.0500.822
9(15.00)8(13.56)
主要照护者非父母19(31.67)11(18.64)2.6760.102
父母41(68.33)48(81.36)
照护者学历小学及以下11(18.33)9(15.25)6.2200.183
初中22(36.67)11(18.64)
高中/中专12(20.00)16(27.12)
大专7(11.67)12(20.34)
本科及以上8(13.33)11(18.64)

表 5

术后生命体征的比较"

项目对照组[M(P25,P75)]试验组[M(P25,P75)]ZP
入室血氧饱和度/%98(96.00,99.00)98(96.00,99.00)0.2010.841
PACU内血氧饱和度/%99(96.25,99.75)98(97.00,100.00)0.2490.803
出室血氧饱和度/%98(97.00,99.00)98(97.00,100.00)0.3820.703
入室心率/次·min-1148(136.00,168.00)143(132.00,162.00)1.4830.138
PACU内心率/次·min-1145(128.25,158.00)138(130.00,161.00)0.4650.642
出室心率/次·min-1142.5(130.00,153.75)136(122.00,150.00)1.4360.151

表 6

术后EA情况、FLACC疼痛评分及并发症的比较"

项目对照组(n/%)试验组(n/%)χ2P
入室躁动
43(71.67)41(69.49)0.0680.795
17(28.33)18(30.51)
PACU内躁动
35(58.33)14(23.73)14.7070.000
25(41.67)45(76.27)
出室躁动
21(35.00)7(11.86)8.8490.003
39(65.00)52(88.14)
FLACC疼痛评分
≤3分38(63.33)42(71.19)0.8330.361
>3分22(36.67)17(28.81)
并发症发生
6(10.00)7(11.86)0.1060.774
54(90.00)52(88.14)
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