国际口腔医学杂志

国际口腔医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 576-585.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2026114

• 综述 • 上一篇    

纳米硒促进创面愈合的作用机制及复合材料的设计策略

许来俊(),陈涛   

  1. 南方医科大学口腔医院（广东省口腔医院） 广州 510280
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-16 修回日期:2026-01-09 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 许来俊
  • 作者简介:许来俊，副研究员，博士，Email：14211220120@fudan.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(82501110);广西口腔颌面修复与重建研究重点实验室开放课题(GXKLOMRR2403)

Mechanisms of selenium nanoparticles in promoting wound healing and design strategies of composite materials

Laijun Xu(),Tao Chen   

  1. Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou 510280, China
  • Received:2025-04-16 Revised:2026-01-09 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-06-25
  • Contact: Laijun Xu
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(82501110);Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Repair and Reconstruction(GXKLOMRR2403)

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摘要：

创面愈合过程涉及多种复杂调控机制，其中感染、氧化应激和炎症等因素可能导致愈合延迟或障碍。纳米硒因抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化特性及促进细胞迁移和血管生成的能力，在加速创面愈合方面展现出巨大潜力。然而，纳米硒分散性差、溶解性低、安全浓度范围窄等缺点限制其应用。通过与高分子材料、金属等复合，可显著改善其稳定性、机械强度及优化生物学性能，以满足感染性、炎症性或糖尿病等特殊创面的愈合需求。据此，本文就纳米硒生物安全性、在不同创面愈合中的修复机制及其复合材料的设计策略进行总结，以期为未来纳米硒复合材料在口腔颌面部创面的设计提供新思路。

关键词: 纳米硒, 复合材料, 抗菌, 创面愈合

Abstract:

Wound healing involves a variety of complex regulatory mechanisms, where factors such as infection, oxidative stress, and inflammation can lead to delayed or impaired healing. Nanoselenium potentially accelerates wound hea-ling because of its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties and its ability to promote cell migration and angiogenesis. However, the poor dispersibility, low solubility, and narrow safety concentration range of nanoselenium li-mit its applications. When combined with polymers, metals, and other materials, its stability, mechanical strength, and biological performance can be considerably improved to enhance the healing of special wounds, such as infectious, inflammatory, and diabetic wounds. This study summarizes the biological safety and repair mechanisms of nano-selenium in different wound healing contexts and design strategies for nano-selenium composite materials, aiming to provide novel insights into nanoselenium composite materials in oral and maxillofacial wound healing.

Key words: selenium nanoparticle, composite material, antibacterial, wound healing

中图分类号: 

  • R783.1

图 1

纳米硒促进创面愈合的生物学效应及机制A：抗菌机制示意图；B：细胞分化和细胞迁移机制示意图；C：抗炎和抗氧化机制示意图。ATP：三磷酸腺苷（adenosine triphosphate）；ROS：活性氧（reactive oxygen species）；SOD：超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase）；GPx：谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase）；TNF-α：肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α）；IL-1β：白细胞介素（interleukin）-1β；GABA：γ-氨基丁酸（gamma-aminobutyric acid）；GSH：谷胱甘肽（glutathione）；Nrf2/ARE/Keap1：核因子E2相关因子2/抗氧化反应元件/Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1（nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element/kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1）；TLR4/MAPK：Toll样受体4/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（toll-like receptor 4/mitogen-activated protein kinase）；NO：一氧化氮（nitric oxide）；VEGF：血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor）；FGFR：成纤维细胞生长因子受体（fibroblast growth factor receptor）；Wnt：Wnt信号通路（Wnt signaling pathway）。"

表 1

复合材料的制备、特点及应用"

材料种类制备方法性能特点应用场景与传统敷料对比参考文献
高分子材料天然高分子不同高分子材料溶解在乙醇或乙酸等溶剂中制备成聚合物溶液再与纳米硒混合搅拌高生物相容性；保湿性；良好的机械性能；可降解性感染伤口；慢性伤口；糖尿病伤口较强的抗菌和抗氧化性能，且可递送药物发挥协同作用[54-66]
合成高分子可控的光热性能；药物释放控制；增强的机械性能耐药感染伤口；肿瘤伤口具有可控的药物释放控制效果，具有较强的抗菌性能[67-74]
金属或金属氧化物在聚合物基质溶液中将金属或金属复合物与纳米硒分别加入混合抗菌效果较强，稳定性高感染伤口增强的抗菌性能[75-76]
其他材料硫灰硒和升华硫在PEG-200中热化并等温重结晶低毒性，促血管生成难治性伤口皮肤再生加速；不适感低[51]
血浆血浆溶解在去离子水中，并与纳米硒混合富含生长因子和能源物质糖尿病伤口有效促进糖尿病伤口愈合，减少截肢风险[77]
红细胞膜红细胞膜囊泡与纳米硒溶液混合，在超声波机震动后用脂质体挤出机挤出生物相容性高，免疫逃避能力强感染性伤口无耐药性，血液循环时间长[78]
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