可降解新型聚乳酸膜在引导骨组织再生中的应用

doi:10.7518/gjkq.2024030

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探索一种可降解新型聚乳酸膜（PDLLA/PLLA）在引导骨组织再生中的应用效果。方法新西兰大白兔24只，体重2.5~3.0 kg，在动物一侧下颌骨体部近下颌骨下缘处制备10 mm×5 mm×3 mm箱状骨缺损，然后将动物随机分为实验组、对照组和空白组，每组8只。实验组动物骨缺损处填Bio-oss骨粉后将PDLLA/PLLA覆盖于缺损表面，对照组动物骨缺损处填Bio-oss骨粉后将Guidor聚乳酸可吸收膜覆盖于缺损表面，空白组动物不作处理。术后8、12周采集缺损处标本，进行大体观察、Micro-CT检查和组织病理学观察。结果实验期间各组实验动物均未发生炎症和排异反应，各组创口愈合良好，成骨活跃。大体观察显示，术后8周实验组动物成骨量较多，材料降解较少，对照组动物成骨量较实验组少，材料降解完全；术后12周实验组动物和对照组动物成骨量相当，实验组材料进一步降解，空白组动物成骨量少于实验组和对照组。术后8、12周，Micro-CT可以观察到实验组和对照组缺损区域新生骨明显多于空白组。术后8、12周，实验组动物和对照组动物新生骨相对骨体积分数（BV/TV）、骨密度（BMD）和骨小梁数量（Tb.N）均显著高于空白组动物（P<0.05），且术后8周实验组动物新生骨BV/TV高于对照组（P<0.05）；但在术后12周时实验组与对照组新生骨BV/TV、BMD和Tb.N比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。组织切片观察显示，术后8周实验组动物新生骨小梁周边细胞生长活跃，并可见少量成骨细胞及破骨细胞；术后12周实验组动物骨小梁周围可见大量成骨细胞及破骨细胞，骨缺损部位骨组织密度接近周边正常骨组织。结论与对照组和空白组相比，PDLLA/PLLA呈现出了良好的生物相容性和骨传导性，可以明显促进缺损处愈合。

关键词: 聚乳酸, 复合材料, 骨组织修复工程, 下颌骨, 缺损, 动物实验

Abstract:

Objective This work aimed to explore the application effect of a new biodegradable polylactic acid membrane (PDLLA/PLLA) in guiding bone tissue regeneration. Methods A total of 24 New Zealand white rabbits, weighing 2.5~3.0 kg, were prepared at the lower edge of the mandible near the body of the mandible on one side of the animal. The dimensions of the bone defect were 5 mm×3 mm. The animals were randomly divided into the experimental group, control group, and blank group, with eight animals in each group. The experimental group animals were filled with Bio-oss bone powder, and PDLLA/PLLA was covered on the defect surface. The control group animals were filled with Bio-oss bone powder, and a Guidor polylactic acid membrane was covered on the defect surface. The blank group animals were not treated. At 8 and 12 weeks after the operation, specimens of the defect were collected for gross observation, micro-CT examination, and histopathological observation. Results During the experiment, no inflammation and rejection reaction occurred in the experimental animals in each group, and the wounds in each group healed well and osteogenesis was active. The gross observation showed that the animals in the experimental group had more bone formation and less material degradation at 8 weeks after the operation, whereas the animals in the control group had less bone formation and complete material degradation compared with the experimental group. At 12 weeks after the operation, the amount of bone formation of animals in the experimental group and the control group was the same, but the materials in the experimental group were further degraded. The amount of bone formation of animals in the blank group was less than that in the experimental group and the control group. At 8 and 12 weeks after the operation, micro-CT revealed that the new bone in the defect area of the experimental group and the control group was significantly more than that of the blank group. At 8 and 12 weeks after the operation, the bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular number (Tb.N) of the new bone in the experimental group and the control group were significantly higher than those in the blank group. Histological analysis demonstrated that the cells surrounding the new bone trabeculae in the experimental group grew actively at 8 weeks after the operation, and a small amount of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were visible. At 12 weeks after the operation, a large number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were found around the bone trabeculae of the experimental group animals, and the bone tissue density at the bone defect site was close to the surrounding normal bone tissue. Conclusion Thus, the new polylactic acid membrane (PDLLA/PLLA) has good biocompatibility and bone conductivity, and it can significantly promote the healing of defects.

Key words: polylactic acid, compound material, bone tissue repair engineering, mandible, defect, animal experiment

中图分类号:

R782.2

胡雅瑄,马子涵,王将凌,汪永跃. 可降解新型聚乳酸膜在引导骨组织再生中的应用[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2024, 51(2): 187-192.

Yaxuan Hu,Zihan Ma,Jiangling Wang,Yongyue Wang. Application of degradable new polylactic acid membrane in guiding bone tissue regeneration[J]. Int J Stomatol, 2024, 51(2): 187-192.

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