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01 November 2015, Volume 42 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Individualized surgical management of cleft palate Shi Bing Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  621-623.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.001 Abstract ( 1053 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF（pc） (1541KB) ( 1240 )   Save Lateral relaxing incision was carried out at the lateral nasopharynx wall to transform a complete cleft into an incomplete form and to extend the soft palate with Furlow’s double-opposing Z-plasty. This procedure involving Sommerlad’s levator veli palatini dissection was performed to enhance velopharyngeal functions after cleft palate is repaired. Thus, the velar muscular sling is fully restored. Individualized surgical protocols are designed for approximately levator veli palatini are broadened. Therefore, cleft palate can be precisely and surgically managed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and bonding technique of posterior zirconia resin-bonded fixed partial dentures Lin Jie1, Zheng Zhifeng2, Lu Zhaojie1, Li Xiurong2, Zheng Zhiqiang1. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  624-627.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.002 Abstract ( 1503 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF（pc） (13383KB) ( 1285 )   Save Compared with traditional fixed partial dentures, the main advantage of using resin-bonded fixed partial dentures(RBFPDs) include the preservation of dental hard tissues, following the concept of minimal invasive dentistry. In recent years, zirconia RBFPDs have garnered considerable attention because of their aesthetic and high strength. However, debonding has been the main disadvantage of this innovative technique. In consequence, zirconia RBFPDs are used mainly for anterior areas, which bear a small occlusal force. With the development of dental materials science, the use of high-strength zirconia to replace metal may become a trend. This paper investigates the design and bonding technique of posterior zirconia RBFPDs with a clinical case and literature review. Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of internal root resorption with calcific mass deposition Xie Kexian, Wang Xiao, Li Yuangao, Zhang Ping. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  628-630.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.003 Abstract ( 1466 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF（pc） (3981KB) ( 1055 )   Save Internal root resorption is often associated with dental trauma, pulpal inflammation, and orthodontic treatment. It can be historically classified as internal replacement resorption or internal inflammatory resorption. Most previously published reports discussed internal inflammatory resorption. In this report, we present an internal resorption case with calcific deposit formation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Matrix metalloproteinase 1, 3 and 9 gene polymorphism and the risk of oral squamous cell carcinomas among Han Chinese in Yunnan Li Lanjiang1, Xu Bingying1, Yang Chunyan2, Zhao Chuan3, Tian Xin2. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  631-634.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.004 Abstract ( 913 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (1206KB) ( 676 )   Save Objective To explore matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)1, MMP3, and MMP9 gene polymorphisms are studied to determine the risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) among Han Chinesein Yunnan. Methods The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method is used to detect 3 loci single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of the MMP1 promoter(1607 1G/2G), MMP3 promoter(1171 5A/6A), and MMP9 promoter(1562C/T) among 54 patients diagnosed with OSCC(OSCC group) and 55 healthy subjects(control group). Results The distribution of the 3 loci of the MMP1 promoter(1607 1G/2G, 2G/2G, 1G/2G) genotype frequencies among the control group were 11.11%, 37.04%, and 51.85%, respectively, and 5.66%, 43.40%, and 50.94%, respectively, among the OSCC group. The distributions of 5A/5A, 6A/6A, and 5A/6A of the MMP3 promoter(1171 5A/6A) were 0, 75.93%, and 24.07% among the control group, respectively, and 8.33%, 72.92%, and 18.75% among the OSCC group, respectively. The distributions of CC, TT, and CT of the MMP9 promoter(1562C/T) were 100%, 0, and 0 among the control group, respectively, and 100%, 0, and 0 among the OSCC group, respectively. The SNPs of MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, and the risk of OSCC have no significant correlation(P>0.05). The 3 sites with high-, medium-, and low-risk differentiation of OSCC have no significant correlation(P>0.05). Conclusion The existence of 3 loci SNPs of the MMP1 promoter(1607 1G/2G), MMP3 promoter(1171 5A/6A), and MMP9 promoter(1562C/T) among Han Chinese in Yunnan has an insignificant correlation to the risk of developing OSCC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the proportion of oral-maxillofacial tumors in 2 085 patients Luo Zhiqiang, Nan Xiaomei, Ye Zhongtai. Int J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  635-639.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.005 Abstract ( 1286 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (1132KB) ( 1296 )   Save Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the present proportional ratio and incidence features of oral-maxillofacial tumors of patients in the Xinjiang Region. Methods The medical data of inpatients with oralmaxillofacial diseases in People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Urgur Autonomous Region from 2008 to 2013 were reviewed and analyzed. Results Benign tumors(36.3%) were the most common among the 2 085 subjects of the study. Vascular tumor was the most common type of benign tumor, followed by facial area lesions, which are common in female patients and the Uyghur people. The prevalence of tumors in female patients showed an increasing trend. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of malignant oral-maxillofacial tumor and is characterized by lesions in the lip region. Furthermore, squamous cell carcinoma is commonly found among Uyghur patients and male patients. The predilection age stage of malignant oral-maxillofacial tumors is decreasing. Conclusion The proportion of oral-maxillofacial tumors among patient in the Xinjiang Region was different from that among patients in the eastern regions. This difference should attract enough attention from surgeons concentrating on clinical work to prevent oral disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevalence and risk factors of geographic tongue among 3-to 6-year-old children in Wuhou District, Chengdu Zhang Cheng1, Huang Hanyao1, Yang Hong1, Wen Ji1, Hu Nan1, Wei Changlei1,2, Zhou Hongmei1. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  640-642.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.006 Abstract ( 1009 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF（pc） (1158KB) ( 1031 )   Save Objective To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and attitudes of parents toward children aged 3-6 years old in Wuhou District who are at risk for geographic tongue. Methods The investigation employed dental checkups for children and survey questionnaires for parents. The study was conducted on 1 033 children aged 3-6 years old from 5 kindergarten schools and their parents by using a cluster sampling method. All the valid questionnaires were analyzed statistically. Results The prevalence of geographic tongue among children aged 3-6 years old in Wuhou District was 3.0%. Oral ulcers, intestinal parasites, dietary bias, respiratory infections, depression, and zinc insufficiency were correlated with geographic tongue. This disease was generally unknown and aroused concern among the parents of patients, most of whom were waiting for natural recovery. Conclusion Publicity and education of geographic tongue should be enhanced to draw the attention of parents and teachers to oral and overall health of children. Related Articles | Metrics

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In-vitro anatomy of permanent premolars in Lanzhou Lin Chunping1, Dong Genxi1, Li Yongfeng2, Li Pengbo2. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  643-646.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.007 Abstract ( 1000 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (1102KB) ( 1411 )   Save Objective This study investigates the morphology and root canal system of premolars. Methods A total of 190 permanent premolars were collected from subjects in Lanzhou:54 maxillary first premolars, 46 maxillary second premolars, 50 mandibular first premolars, and 40 mandibular second premolars. Vernier was used to measure the length indexes. Macrography was used to observe the morphology of roots, and the cone beam CT technique was used to investigate the root canal systems. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 13.0. Results The anatomic data of the permanent premolars and root canal systems of the subjects from Lanzhou were obtained. All indexes were assumed to have a normal distribution, e.g., root length and tooth length varied. The major root canal types of the permanent premolars are types Ⅰ and type Ⅳ. Conclusion Results showed that the anatomy of permanent premolars is wholly stable, but the lengths of the teeth and root are not. Hence, caution should be observed when operating on these teeth. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Chinese publications for vascular anomalies Zhang Wei, He Kefei, Zhu Junyi, Wang Yufan, Cai Xu, Zhao Yifang. Int J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  647-651.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.008 Abstract ( 1025 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF（pc） (1527KB) ( 1289 )   Save Objective This study aims to evaluate research advancement via analysis of the Chinese literature for vascular anomalies published in the last three decades, including the types and mounts of related articles, classification, and treatments used. Methods Data were collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructur, Wanfang data, and VIP database from 1981 to 2011. Publications on vascular anomalies were analyzed per decade. The relationships between classification and literature types, author specialty, publication date, and journal were evaluated. Results A total of 3 645 literature articles were collected. Authors from the oral and maxillofacial surgery department published 25.1% of the total literature. Sclerotherapy is the most widely used treatment, with increases of 25.1% and 6.7% in the last decade than in the previous two decades, respectively. The classification was more commonly used in basic research articles(74.3%) than in clinical articles(23.0%) published in the last decade. The most common incorrect term was “cavernous hemangioma”(43.7%). Conclusion During the past 30 years, articles related to vascular anomalies increased progressively. Sclerotherapy or non-surgical methods and classification were used widely in the last decade. However, non-standard terms or treatments were still found in clinical articles. Thus, treatment guidelines should be spread to hemangiomas and vascular malformations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Case-control study on white spot lesions following orthodontic treatment Li Na Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  652-654.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.009 Abstract ( 1074 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF（pc） (2103KB) ( 923 )   Save Objective To explore the potential risk factors of white spot lesions and follow the natural progression of white spot lesions. Methods From 2009 to 2013, eligible orthodontic patients were enrolled in Deyang Stomatological Hospital. The case group included patients who developed white spot lesions after orthodontic treatment, whereas the control group consisted of patients who did not develop white spot lesions after orthodontic treatment. Age, gender, treatment duration, toothbrushing frequency, oral hygiene level, and pre-treatment decay, missing and filled(DMF) index were collected. The areas of white spot lesions were determined by Image J shortly after orthodontic treatment and one year thereafter. Results Patients with white spot lesion had lower frequency of tooth-brushing and lower oral hygiene level than those without. Age, gender and pre-treatment DFM index were similar between the two groups. The areas of white spot lesion were decreased by 8% after one-year follow-up. However, although this difference was of statistical significance, it failed to achieve clinical significance. Conclusion Poor oral hygiene and prolonged treatment durations were significantly associated with white spot lesions. Once white spot lesions develop, the chance of spontaneous remission is low. Therefore, specific treatments are required. Related Articles | Metrics

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Recombination and expression of fimbriae protein for Porphyromonas gingivalis Xiao Li1, Lin Yuxiang2, Ge Song3. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  655-658.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.010 Abstract ( 924 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (1445KB) ( 1199 )   Save Objective This study aimed to clone the type Ⅱ fimA gene of Porphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis) and detect its expression in Escherichia coli(E. coli). Methods The type Ⅱ fimA gene was obtained by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from the genome of P. gingivalis to construct a prokaryotic expression plasmid pET-FimA. pET-FimA was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) competent cells, and the recombination protein was characterized via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis. Results DNA sequencing showed that the fragment was 95% consistent with that of published literature. We successfully constructed prokaryotic expression plasmid pET-FimA. Conclusion The plasmid efficiently expressed the recombinant fimbriae protein of the type ⅡfimA gene of P. gingivalis. A high purity of protein FimA was obtained. FimA has immunogenicity and immune reactivity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Safe region of micro-implant used for orthodontic anchorage positioning in the posterior maxillary alveolar bone Zhao Jingzi1, Zhang Wenjun2, Zhang Xiaodong2. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  659-663.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.011 Abstract ( 917 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF（pc） (1301KB) ( 1269 )   Save Objective This study aimed to measure the distance between a tooth and a soft tissue. This study also aimed to determine the safe region of micro-implant for orthodontic anchorage positioning in the posterior maxillary alveolar bone. Methods Twenty-one cone beam computed tomography reconstruction images of the craniofacial bone of preorthodontic patients were used in this research. Both sides of the mesiodistal distance of the two adjacent teeth in the posterior maxillary alveolar bone were measured at 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 mm from the horizontal plane. A vernier caliper was used to measure the clinical crown height of the posterior maxillary teeth in the plaster maxillary dentition model. A periodontal probe along the long axis of a tooth was used to determine the width of the free gingiva and the width from the gingival margin to the mucogingival junction. Results In the posterior area of the maxilla, the widest mesiodistal distance of tooth roots was between the second premolar and the first molar. Among the teeth, the maxillary first premolar yielded the highest crown height. The maxillary second molar region showed the widest attached gingiva. Conclusion The safe region of the micro-implant is located in the second premolar and the first molar; the vertical distance from the horizontal plane is 10-11 mm. Related Articles | Metrics

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Similarity analysis of the oral bacteria community by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis Yu Miao, Yi Hong, Guo Xiao. Int J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  664-667.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.012 Abstract ( 817 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF（pc） (1143KB) ( 1647 )   Save Objective This study aimed to analyze the similarity of the oral bacteria community in 30 mother-child dyads via polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Methods Unstimulated saliva samples were obtained from 30 mother-child pairs:10 in caries-susceptive group, 10 in caries-moderate group, and 10 in caries-free group. DNAs were extracted for PCR amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. Results The compositions of the oral bacteria community in mother and child have a high degree of similarity. The oral bacteria community of children matched that of their mothers. The dice similarity coefficient of mother-child in the cariesfree group was more statistically significant compared with the two other groups(P<0.05). However, mothers of cariessusceptive children had significantly higher decay missing filling surface(DMFS) scores than mothers of caries-free and caries-moderate children(P<0.05). Conclusion Children obtained oral bacteria from their mothers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Betel-quid chewing and its relationship with oral cancer Shao Xiaojun, Xi Qing. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  668-672.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.013 Abstract ( 1819 )   HTML ( 37 )   PDF（pc） (1175KB) ( 1883 )   Save Betel-quid chewing is common in South Asia, South-east Asia, and the Pacific Islands, especially in our country. Betel-quid contains various ingredients, including areca-nut, tobacco, betel leaf, betel vine, inflorescence, slaked lime, and some special flavored substances. The composition and processing of betel-quid vary in different countries. However, areca-nut and tobacco are consistent main components. Areca-nut contains betel alkaloid, tannin betel nut, betel nut-specific nitrosamines, and reactive oxygen, which exerts cytotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogen effects. Previous studies showed that betel-quid chewing is a significant factor contributing to oral submucous fibrosis and is related to the incidence of oral cancer, leukoplakia, lichen planus, and so on. This paper presents the prevalence of areca-nut consumption, ingredients, and carcinogenic mechanism to provide a scientific basis for oral cancer prevention and awareness. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of erbium:yttrum-aluminum-garnet laser to dentin hypersensitivity Yu Shaohua1, Pu Dongquan2, Liu Luchuan1. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  673-676.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.014 Abstract ( 1117 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF（pc） (1142KB) ( 1101 )   Save Erbium:yttrum-aluminum-garnet laser(Er:YAGL), which is mainly based on the thermal effect, was used to treat dentin hypersensitivity. Laser affects the sensitive parts of the teeth and elevates temperature. Organic compounds on the surface of dentinal tubules become denatured and solidified, and then dentinal tubules become occluded. The fluidity of the liquid in the tube is reduced, consequently leading to a desensitizing effect. Laser irradiation alters the nerve fiber membrane permeability of sodium and potassium ions. It exerts an analgesic effect, where in the action potential in nerve endings increases and excitability reduces. Er:YAGL exhibits favorable antibacterial and hemostatic effects, increases the acid resistance of dentin, and minimizes injury. Er:YAGL can elicit good short-term and long-term effects. Given its accuracy and rapid onset, Er:YAGL is being widely used to improve the hypersensitivity of single tooth, multiple teeth, or even full mouth. Compared with neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and CO2 laser, Er:YAGL laser has better hygroscopicity and can effectively ablate dentin and enamel. Therefore, the application of Er:YAGL to alleviate dentin hypersensitivity is a relevant concern. This article reviews the mechanism and features of Er:YAGL. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the animal model of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis Yang Wenying1, Zhang Wenli1, Luo Yingwei2. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  677-680.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.015 Abstract ( 1341 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF（pc） (1140KB) ( 2334 )   Save Finding the effective methods, therapy, and animal model for temporomandibular join osteoarthritis(TMJOA) has become an important laboratory research in exploring pathogens and pathological mechanisms in TMJOA. Current animal models for TMJOA include intra-articular injection, intra-articular to surgery, joint induction of law, and gene knock division. Reasonable choice of animal models can help achieve experimental objectives. Related Articles | Metrics

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Adiponectin and their association with osteogenesis and bone metabolism Yu Liming1, Shen Qingping1, Chen Jinkun2. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  681-684.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.016 Abstract ( 866 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF（pc） (1144KB) ( 1126 )   Save Adiponectin is the most abundant adipocyte-secreted adipokine. It regulates energy homeostasis and increases insulin sensitivity. Adiponectin is a multifunctional protein with anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic properties. The effect of adiponectin on bone metabolism has been widely reported. However, its precise mechanism of action remains controversial and unclear. A few studies have demonstrated that adiponectin can significantly stimulate osteoblastic differentiation, promote osteogenesis, and inhibit bone resorption. Conversely, other studies have shown opposite effects. In addition, several clinical studies have reported that plasma adiponectin level is an independent predictor factor of bone mineral density. This paper reviews recent publications on adiponectin and bone metabolism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological basis and characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured on collagen membrane Xu Fan, Yang Desheng. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  685-688.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.017 Abstract ( 959 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF（pc） (1140KB) ( 830 )   Save Bone tissue formation is a remineralization process through the extracellular matrix secreted by osteoblast cells. The main organic component of bone tissue is type 1 collagen, and its network structure supports cells and provides a microenvironment for cell adhesion and proliferation. Collagen membrane can provide a steric barrier for tissue regeneration that prevents cells from migrating out of the defect area to avoid cell loss; it can also direct blood vessel growth. Osteoblast cells and factors related to bone formation can migrate to the bone defect cavity and promote new bone formation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSC) cultured on collagen membrane can enhance the osteogenic ability of osteoblasts and stimulate the transformation of BMMSC into osteoblasts. Collagen membrane is a suitable carrier of BMMSC adhesion and growth; it can also be used as a scaffold material for cells. In this study, the biological characteristics of BMMSC cultured on collagen membrane were traced, and methods for bone tissue repair and reconstruction were explored. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic basis of periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcome Li Xinyue1, Lü Lijuan2, Zhang Liang3, Ye Ning4. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  689-693.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.018 Abstract ( 877 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF（pc） (1182KB) ( 1423 )   Save Recent studies have suggested that periodontitis is a risk factor for some adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and low birth weight. The pathophysiological correlation between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy mainly depends on inflammatory reaction and immune response. Not all periodontitis cases lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes, and this finding has aroused discussionsin genetics. Genetic polymorphisms of cytokines and receptors related to inflammatory reaction and immune response can be used to evaluate the susceptibility and severity of these diseases. This review extensively discusses the mechanisms of genetic polymorphism between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes to identify susceptibility genes and provide new information for prevention and clinical treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Extracellular signal-regulated kinase signal transduction pathway in dentification and tooth regeneration Ban Huajie1, Wang Daiyou2. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  694-698.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.019 Abstract ( 818 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF（pc） (1152KB) ( 1199 )   Save Extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) is an important signaling transduction pathway involved in tooth development. The pathway widely regulates dentification and tooth morphogenesis in each developmental stage. Fibroblast growth factor-10 promotes the initiation and development of tooth germ by activating the ERK signaling transduction pathway in dental epithelium. The pathway also regulates the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into odontoblasts and the initiation and differentiation of periodontium. Mineral trioxide aggregate can induce odontoblast differentiation by phosphorylating and activating ERK. The pathway is critical in inducing the differentiation of dental pulp stem cell(DPSC) into odontoblasts; hence, activating the ERK signaling pathway in DPSC may be an effective way to regenerate odontoblasts. Hydrostatic pressures during dentification promote mesenchymal osteodifferentiation. By contrast, mechanical stretch inhibits osteogenic differentiation by increasing pERK-mediated cell proliferation. The ERK signaling pathway facilitates the migration of DPSC and the regeneration of dental pulp tissue. This review enumerates the functions of the ERK pathway in dentification and discusses how ERK influences tooth regeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Human neutrophil peptide-1-3 and its relationship with caries risk Du Linling, Feng Juan. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  699-702.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.020 Abstract ( 1118 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (1141KB) ( 1017 )   Save Human neutrophil peptide(HNP)-1-3 is a natural defense protein that exerts strong fatal or inhibitory effects on bacteria, fungi, viruses, and cancer cells. The expression level of HNP-1-3 in the saliva of children is significantly correlated with their caries risk. Its mass concentration in the saliva directly influences the oral ecological environment of the host. This protein can significantly inhibit majorcariogenic bacteria. HNP-1-3 is an important indicator of caries risk and can be effectively utilized in caries risk prediction in children, especially in those with limited medical resources. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research strategies of microbial metabolomics and its application in human microbes Yu Pei, Xue Jing, Li Wei. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  703-709.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.021 Abstract ( 1110 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF（pc） (1161KB) ( 1917 )   Save Microbial metabolomics began in 1992, and research on this field includes sample collection, sample testing, and data analysis. Early microbial metabolomics is mainly utilized for the biological identification and characterization of different strains. At present, metabolomics has been applied to microbial phenotypic classification, mutant screening, metabolic pathway and metabolic engineering, control and optimization of fermentation engineering and microbial contaminants, and so on. In dentistry, microbial metabolomics technology has been applied in microbial identification, dental caries, periodontal disease and oral cancer, and cleft lip and palate. Analysis of cariogenic bacteria and periodontal pathogen metabolites in the oral cavity is a common practice. Given its accuracy in differentiating different strains, microbial metabolomics technology is expected to become a new technique for the rapid identification of oral microorganisms. This paper reviews the progress in the study of microbial strategies and applications of metabolomics and presents the problems that may be faced in future studies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like-receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasomes and the relationship between it and periodontal diseases Wu Leng, Wang Jun, Zhao Lei, Wu Yafei. Int J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  710-714.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.022 Abstract ( 1132 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (1152KB) ( 1384 )   Save The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like-receptor family pyrin domain-containing(NLRP)3 inflammasome is an intracellular multi-protein complex that is assembled after its central component, NLRP3, and senses pathogens and host danger signals. The NLRP3 inflammasome induces maturation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β by activating cysteinyl aspartale specific protease-1, thereby participating in immunoinflammatory responses. Periodontal diseases are caused by local immunoinflammatory responses against periodontal pathogens, with IL-1β being one of the critical factors. Furthermore, the processing and secretion of IL-1β is closely related to the NLRP3 inflammasome. Periodontal pathogens can regulate expression and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Therefore, NLRP3 inflammasome is significant to the development and treatment of periodontal diseases. This article focuses on the biological function and activation mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the relevant research progress on periodontal diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological characteristics of stem cells from human-exfoliated deciduous teeth Gu Nan, Sun Xin, Liu Fuping, Zhang Yuna, Zhang Xue, Li Haiying. Int J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  715-719.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.023 Abstract ( 1039 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (1152KB) ( 1998 )   Save Deciduous teeth are constantly exfoliated in the alternate process of deciduous and permanent teeth. Hence, obtaining stem cells from human-exfoliated deciduous teeth(SHED) is simple and convenient. The proliferation rate of SHED was significantly higher than that of dental pulp stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. SHED expressed several growth factors for promoting proliferation, such as fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, connective tissue growth factor, nerve growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein. SHED are able to differentiate into odontoblasts, neural cells, cartilage cells, adipocytes, and liver cells, and can induce host cells to regenerate bone. In addition, SHED have immune modulatory effects and can enhance wound-healing effects. SHED are ideal seed cells for bone and skin tissue engineering. Thus, SHED can potentially be used for treating tooth and bone defects, nervous system diseases, immune system diseases, skin trauma, and liver diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the Mg-based material scaffolds and its application in animal bone tissue engineering Zheng Jianmao, Mao Xueli, Ling Junqi. Int J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  720-723.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.024 Abstract ( 1034 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF（pc） (1191KB) ( 1008 )   Save Mg-based scaffold, as a novel biodegradable metallic material that inherently offers suitable mechanical properties and osteoconductivity, is proven safe in medical science. Mg-based scaffolds, including scaffolds with surface modification, Mg alloy scaffolds, and porous Mg scaffolds, can reduce corrosion, enhance the proliferation and adhesion of bone marrow stem cells, and promote angiogenesis. In animal models, Mg-based scaffolds can improve bone healing. Thus, these Mg-based scaffolds can potentially be applied to bone tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on sternoclavicular joint hypertrophy and dislocation following neck dissection Li Kan, Liao Guiqing. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  724-727.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.025 Abstract ( 1059 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (1068KB) ( 1425 )   Save Sternoclavicular joint hypertrophy and dislocation is a rare long-term post-operative complication of neck dissection with the manifestation of a slowly growing painless hard lump at the sternoclavicular joint. Though the sternoclavicular joint enlargement and dislocation has been reported sporadically in English literature,there is basically no common awareness of its corresponding clinical cases. The neglect results in an occasional misdiagnosis and dispensable operative intervention. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the mechanism, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post-operative sternoclavicular joint hypertrophy and dislocation of neck dissection in order to improve clinicians’ understanding about this complication. Related Articles | Metrics

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Interleukin-17 and its role in the oral diseases Liu Mengyu, Ye Ling, Wang Chenglin. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  728-732.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.026 Abstract ( 1388 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (1153KB) ( 1088 )   Save Interleukin(IL)-17 is a type of cytokine that is mainly produced by T-help 17 cells. Most studies focused on the role of IL-17 in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The role of IL-17 in oral diseases has been studied because of its presence in oral tissues. In this paper, we reviewed the recent advances in IL-17 with regard to the following six aspects: IL-17 structure, IL-17-producing cells, molecular mechanism, target cells, biological function, and effect of IL-17 in oral diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of implant-abutment microgap on bone tissues surrounding the necks of implants Gou Min, Cai Xiaoxiao. Int J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  733-738.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.027 Abstract ( 1339 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF（pc） (1097KB) ( 1213 )   Save Two-stage implant systems are currently adopted in most implant prostheses. However, an implantabutment microgap inevitably forms because of masticatory load under physiological function, manufacturing errors, and micromotion. More alveolar bone is absorbed when a deep microgap forms in the jaw. Additionally, less bone is resorbed around the necks of implants in the internal connection systems than in the external, as well as in the conical internal connection systems than in the butt joint connection systems. Less bone is also resorbed when the implants and the abutments are highly compatible. Platform switching technology can effectively reduce alveolar bone absorption around the necks of implants. Implant-abutment microgaps mainly affect the bones around the necks of implants via micromotion and microleakage, including bacterial and molecular leakages. Bacteria and small molecules enter the interior of the implants through the microgaps, settle and breed, and then become an infection focus of the peri-implantitis. Micromotion generates local stress and promotes microleakage. To preserve the alveolar bone around the necks of implants, we should select the equicrestal or supercrestal implant depth for the butt joint connection systems and the subcrestal implant depth for the conical internal connection systems, use the internal connection systems and implant systems, which offer good compatibility, and then apply the platform switching technology reasonably. This study aims to summarize the effect of implant-abutment microgap on the bone surrounding the necks of implants, including its mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different media on the fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium instruments Cai Jingjing, Ge Jiuyu. Inter J Stomatol. 2015, 42 (6):  739-743.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2015.06.028 Abstract ( 968 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF（pc） (1149KB) ( 867 )   Save Nickel-titanium(NiTi) rotary instruments are widely used because of their short preparation time and minimum procedural errors. However, NiTi instruments should form a contact with irrigating solutions during cleaning and sterilization; as a result, their mechanical properties are significantly affected. The effects of the fatigue resistance of NiTi instruments influenced by different solutions have been extensively investigated. This review introduces the mechanisms of contact of NiTi instruments with media. This review also describes experimental design results. Related Articles | Metrics