Int J Stomatol

Int J Stomatol ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 26-35.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2026004

• Orthodontics • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Contrastive analysis of occlusal plane canting among adult patients with average-angle profiles with class Ⅰ, class Ⅱ1, and class Ⅲ malocclusions

Jing Lan(),Jun Wu()   

  1. Dept. of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Jiangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang 330000, China
  • Received:2024-11-28 Revised:2025-03-07 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2025-12-31
  • Contact: Jun Wu E-mail:17807069105@163.com;wujundent@163.com

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Abstract:

Objective　This study aims to investigate the correlation between the inclination of the occlusal plane of maxillary canines and first molars in adult patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns, as well as the differences in the direction of occlusal plane inclination and the sagittal relationship of molars between Angle’s subclasses, which provides a reference for the clinical treatment of such patients. Methods　A total of 180 adult patients with normal occlusion were selected, including 60 cases of Angle class Ⅰ, 60 cases of Angle class Ⅱ division 1, and 60 cases of Angle class Ⅲ (with 30 cases of subclass and non-subclass for Angle class Ⅱ division 1 and Ⅲ). Three-dimensional reconstruction of cone beam computed tomography was performed using Mimics software. The vertical distances from the maxillary bilateral canines and first molars to the Frankfort horizontal plane were measured, and the inclination of the occlusal plane was calculated. The direction of the occlusal plane inclination and the sagittal relationship of the molars were recorded. SPSS 26.0 software was used to statistically analyze the correlation between the inclination of the occlusal plane and diffe-rent sagittal skeletal patterns. The correlation between the sagittal relationship of molars and the direction of occlusal plane inclination in Angle subclasses was also explored. Results　A correlation existed between the inclination of the occlusal plane of canines and first molars and different sagittal skeletal groups (P<0.05). A correlation existed between the inclination of the occlusal plane in Angle subclass groups and non-subclass groups (P<0.05). In the Angle subclass group, a correlation existed between the bilateral molar relationships and the direction of occlusal plane inclination (P<0.05). Conclusion　Certain differences are observed in the inclination of the occlusal plane in adult patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns. The correction of the occlusal plane inclination should not be ignored in the clinical diagnosis, analysis, and treatment of patients with Angle class Ⅱ and Angle class Ⅲ, as well as their subclass.

Key words: occlusal plane cant, cone beam computed tomography, Angle class Ⅲ, Angle class Ⅱ, sagittal direction

CLC Number: 

  • R783.5

TrendMD: 

Fig 1

Create reference planes in 3D orientation in Mimics"

Tab 1

Measurement landmarks for occlusal plane canting"

标志点含义定位方法
Po（L，R）耳点（左侧，右侧）左、右侧外耳道之最上点
Or（L，R）眶下点（左侧，右侧）左、右侧眶下缘最低点
N鼻根点鼻额缝的最前点
Ba颅底点枕骨大孔前缘之中点
R6\L6上颌第一磨牙近中颊尖顶点左、右侧上颌第一磨牙近中颊尖顶点
R3\L3上颌尖牙牙尖顶点左、右侧上颌尖牙牙尖顶点
R3D\L3D上颌尖牙牙尖顶点至FHP距离左、右上颌尖牙牙尖顶点至FHP的垂直距离
R3D\L6D上颌第一磨牙近中颊尖顶点至FHP距离左、右上颌第一磨牙近中颊尖顶点至FHP的垂直距离
OC3上颌尖牙??平面偏斜量上颌左右两侧尖牙牙尖顶点（R3、L3）至FHP的距离差，即OC3=|R3D-L3D|
OC6上颌磨牙??平面偏斜量上颌左右两侧第一磨牙近中颊尖顶点（R6、L6）至FHP的距离差，即OC6=|R6D-L6D|

Fig 2

Measurement diagram of OC3 and OC6"

Fig 3

Schematic diagram of occlusal plane canting direction"

Fig 4

Three-dimensional directional fixation in Mimics software (using the R6 point of the mesial buccal tip of the right maxillary first molar as an example)"

Tab 2

General data of patients in each group"

基本信息Ⅰ组ⅡN组ⅡS组ⅢN组ⅢS组χ2/Z值P值
性别（n/%）男37/61.621/70.015/50.014/46.720/33.30.2670.992
女23/38.39/30.015/50.016/53.310/66.6
年龄/岁22.10±1.5120.80±1.5520.90±1.5221.70±1.8921.90±1.992.0490.091
∠ANB/°0.92±1.451.90±1.422.40±0.87-2.82±1.21-2.24±2.0514.269<0.001**
∠MP-FH/°28.40±0.9027.90±0.4529.80±0.5628.50±2.5429.00±0.61109.580.656

Tab 3

Comparison of OC3 and OC6 among groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ"

??平面偏斜量Ⅰ组（n=60）Ⅱ组（n=60）Ⅲ组（n=60）H值P值
OC30.30（0.18，0.5）0.40（0.23，0.68）a0.60（0.4，1.0）a,b20.06<0.001**
OC60.30（0.2，0.5）0.50（0.2，0.88）0.80（0.3，1.3）a,b12.70<0.05*

Tab 4

Comparison of OC3 and OC6 between group Ⅱ S and group ⅡN mm/（Q25，Q75）"

??平面偏斜量ⅡN（n=60）ⅡS（n=60）Z值P值
OC30.40（0.20，0.60）0.55（0.30，1.35）2.460.01*
OC60.30（0.20，0.50）0.80（0.20，1.53）3.47<0.001**

Tab 5

Comparison of OC3 and OC6 between group Ⅲ S and group ⅢN"

??平面偏斜量ⅢN（n=30）ⅢS（n=30）Z值P值
OC30.60（0.20，0.80）0.70（0.50，1.55）2.540.011*
OC60.50（0.10，1.23）0.90（0.50，1.33）1.970.049*

Tab 6

Correlation analysis of sagittal molar rela-tionship and deviation direction in group ⅡS (canine region)"

偏斜方向例数尖牙区（n/%）P值
右侧亚类左侧亚类
+1815/83.33/16.70.001**
-122/16.710/83.3

Tab 7

Correlation analysis of sagittal molar relation-ship and deviation direction in group ⅡS (first-molar region)"

偏斜方向例数第一磨牙区（n/%）P值
右侧亚类左侧亚类
+1111/100.00/0.00.001**
-196/31.613/68.4

Tab 8

Correlation analysis of sagittal positions of the left and right sides and deviation direction in group Ⅲ S (canine and first-molar regions)"

偏斜方向例数尖牙及第一磨牙区（n/%）P值
右侧亚类左侧亚类
+1919/100.00/0.00.001**
-110/0.019/100.0

Tab 9

Comparison of OC3 and OC6 measurements mm/（Q25，Q75 ）"

组别OC3OC6Z值P值
Ⅰ0.30（0.18，0.50）0.30（0.20，0.50）0.520.60
ⅡN0.40（0.20，0.60）0.30（0.20，0.50）0.490.62
ⅡS0.55（0.30，1.35）0.80（0.20，1.53）0.680.50
ⅢN0.60（0.20，0.80）0.50（0.10，1.23）0.190.85
ⅢS0.70（0.50，1.55）0.90（0.50，1.33）0.080.94
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