Int J Stomatol

Int J Stomatol ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 353-361.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2024048

• Original Articles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research progress on artificial saliva

Yafei Zhen1(),Xian Peng1,Binwu Ying2,Ping Zhang1,Xuedong Zhou1,Ga Liao1()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
    2.Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2023-10-17 Revised:2024-01-15 Online:2024-05-01 Published:2024-05-06
  • Contact: Ga Liao E-mail:ZYF_yafeizhen@163.com;liaoga@hotmail.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371523)

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Abstract:

Saliva is a slightly acidic oral fluid, which is primarily composed of water. It also contains a small amount of inorganic ions and rich proteins, which results in its special rheological and biological properties, good biological functions, and important role in maintaining oral and systemic health. Xerostomia caused by decreased saliva flow or altered saliva composition can lead to clinically serious oral health imbalances, manifested by burning in the mouth; changes in taste; difficulty in speaking, chewing, and swallowing; and an increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients. The prevalence of xerostomia is approximately 20%, which increases to about 50% in the elderly population aged >75 years. With the increase in the aging population, xerostomia has caused a health burden that cannot be ignored. Artificial saliva is an oral care product developed to mimic the properties and functions of natural saliva, which is an important method of symptomatic treatment of xerostomia. Safe and effective artificial saliva has a positive effect and application potential in maintaining the oral health of the elderly. The development of artificial saliva begins with a comprehensive understanding of the properties of natural saliva. This review systematically depicted the composition and biological functions of natural saliva and described in detail the rheological behavior, tribological properties, biological characteristics, and clinical application performance of artificial saliva to promote the development of novel artificial saliva.

Key words: saliva, artificial saliva, rheological behavior, tribological properties, biological characteristics, clinical application

CLC Number: 

  • R333.1

TrendMD: 

Fig 1

Common ingredients and functions of artificial saliva"

Tab 1

Common artificial saliva products"

类别产品名称形态成分
蛋白基weltec ConCool保湿漱口水漱口水乳清蛋白（牛奶）、乳铁蛋白（牛奶）、甘草酸铵、人寡肽1、CPC、木糖醇
weltec ConCool保湿凝胶凝胶乳清蛋白（牛奶）、乳铁蛋白（牛奶）、甘草酸铵、人寡肽1、木糖醇
Xialine mundgel凝胶黏蛋白、黄原胶、CMC、聚丙烯酸、MC
Xialine mundspray喷雾黏蛋白、黄原胶、CMC、聚丙烯酸、MC
DenTek OraMoist? dry mouth relief漱口水木糖醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、卡波姆、甘油三酯、柠檬香精、柠檬酸、碳酸钙、HPC、氯化钠、二氧化硅、硬脂酸镁、胭脂树红、葡萄糖氧化酶、溶菌酶、乳铁蛋白
Saliva Orthana? lubricating mouth spray喷雾黏蛋白、4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯、苯扎氯铵、木糖醇、薄荷油、乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐
植物提取物基bioXtra? dry mouth oral gel凝胶山梨醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇、水、葡萄糖、HEC、溶菌酶、库拉索芦荟等
dentaid xeros? Gel凝胶甜菜碱、芦荟、木糖醇、氟化钠1 450?10-6 g/mL
Pigeon口腔保湿凝胶凝胶水、甘油、麦芽糖醇、卡拉胶、丙二醇（propylene glycol，PG）、苯甲酸钠、己二酸甘油、柠檬酸钠、木糖醇、月桂酸聚甘油、香精、茶叶提取物、柠檬酸、 抗坏血酸钠，三乙酸酯
Dent狮王口腔喷雾喷雾多谷氨酸（poly-γ-glutamic acid，γ-PGA，纳豆中提取）、薄荷醇、甘油、PG、PEG-60氢化蓖麻油、木糖醇、pH调节剂、香精、CPC
Aequasyal? spray buccal喷雾玉米油的氧化甘油三酯：94.4%、二氧化硅、香精
medac GmbH喷雾木糖醇、植物性黏多糖
聚合物基PreviDent? 5000 Dry Mouth toothpaste牙膏质量分数为1.1%的氟化钠（处方）；水、山梨醇、水合二氧化硅、PG、甘油、PEG-40氢化蓖麻油、磷酸二钾、泊洛沙姆407、香精、甲基乙烯基醚和马来酸共聚物、黄原胶、苯甲酸钠、氢氧化钠、糖精钠、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、CPC、山梨酸钾、果胶
GC Dry Mouth Gel凝胶聚甘油（双甘油）、纯净水、CMC、角叉菜胶、柠檬酸钠、香精、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯
bioXtra? dry mouth gel mouthspray喷雾水、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇、山梨醇、HEC、苯甲酸钠、羟苯甲酯钠、山梨酸钾、柠檬酸、羟苯丙酯钠、糖精钠、溶菌酶等
bioXtra? dry mouth mild toothpaste牙膏山梨醇、硅石、木糖醇、异鲸蜡醇聚醚-20、香精、HEC、水、纤维素胶、苯甲酸钠、糖精钠、葡糖氧化酶、溶菌酶等
bioXtra? dry mouth mild mouthrinse漱口水水、PG、木糖醇、苯甲酸钠、泊洛沙姆407、HEC、香精、溶菌酶、乙二胺四乙酸
Biotène? Oral Rinse漱口水水、甘油、木糖醇、山梨糖醇、PG、泊洛沙姆 407、苯甲酸钠、HEC、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、磷酸钠、磷酸二钠盐
Biotène? Moisturizing Spray喷雾水、甘油、木糖醇、PEG-60氢化蓖麻油、乙烯基吡咯烷酮-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、香精、苯甲酸钠、黄原胶、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、糖精钠、CPC

Biotène? Fluoride Toothpaste Fresh

Mint Original

牙膏水、山梨糖醇、水合二氧化硅、氟化钠、甘油、PEG-8、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、黄原胶、香精、糖精钠、三氯蔗糖、二氧化钛、氢氧化钠
Biotène? Oralbalance Moisturizing Gel凝胶甘油、水、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、卡波姆、HEC、氢氧化钠
dentaid xeros? mouthwash漱口水甜菜碱、木糖醇、0.05%氟化钠、尿囊素
dentaid xeros? Spray喷雾苹果酸、木糖醇、氟化钠226?10-6 g/mL
dentaid xeros? toothpaste牙膏甜菜碱、木糖醇、氟化钠1 450?10-6 g/mL、尿囊素
Pigeon药用口腔保湿雾喷雾CPC、浓缩甘油、PG、麦芽糖醇溶液、木糖醇、甘油脂肪酸酯、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、氯化钠、苯甲酸钠
Glandosane? synthetic saliva喷雾CMC、钠、山梨糖醇、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化镁、磷酸氢钾、二氧化硅
Mouth Kote?喷雾水、木糖醇、山梨糖醇、芳草地、柠檬酸、天然柠檬酸橙味、抗坏血酸、苯甲酸钠、糖精钠
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