国际口腔医学杂志

国际口腔医学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 375-387.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2023061

• 专家笔谈 •    下一篇

基于循证实践的Ⅱ类洞复合树脂修复的操作要点

薛晶(),杨静   

  1. 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室  国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心  四川大学华西口腔医院牙体牙髓病科  成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-25 修回日期:2023-04-25 出版日期:2023-07-01 发布日期:2023-06-21
  • 通讯作者: 薛晶
  • 作者简介:薛晶，国家临床重点专科——四川大学华西口腔医院牙体牙髓病科副主任医师。2009 年毕业于四川大学华西口腔医学院，获口腔医学博士学位，曾赴澳大利亚悉尼大学牙学院、美国加州大学洛杉矶分校牙学院、美国华盛顿克雷格研究所、日本北海道大学牙学院、香港大学牙学院及瑞士日内瓦大学牙学院等机构研修。长期致力于牙体牙髓疾病的基础与临床研究，口腔微生物菌群研究及牙体硬组织早期病变的修复研究。已在国内外相关牙体牙髓病学术刊物发表论著20 余篇，参编牙体牙髓相关专著7 部，主译《流动复合树脂修复》《实用牙体修复临床操作指南》《牙髓病诊疗：原理与实践》。为中华口腔医学会牙体牙髓专业委员会青年委员，四川省口腔医学会牙体牙髓专业委员会委员，四川省口腔医学会口腔镇静镇痛专业委员会常务委员，四川省口腔医学会口腔美学专业委员会常务委员。在牙体牙髓病学领域一直致力于医、教、研工作，对牙髓病的诊治和龋病有较深入的研究和丰富的临床经验。Email：jing_xue_scu@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川大学华西口腔医院临床医学研究项目(LCYJ2023-YY-3)

Key points of evidence-based practice for the Class Ⅱ cavity composite resin restoration

Xue Jing(),Yang Jing.   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and En-dodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2023-02-25 Revised:2023-04-25 Online:2023-07-01 Published:2023-06-21
  • Contact: Jing Xue
  • Supported by:
    Clinical Medical Research Project of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University(LCYJ2023-YY-3)

RichHTML

212

PDF (PC)

1099

摘要：

邻面龋是临床上的常见问题，对后牙邻面龋备洞后行Ⅱ类洞修复是临床日常性操作，复合树脂充填修复已成为Ⅱ类洞修复的首选方式。随着复合树脂、粘接技术和成形工具的发展，Ⅱ类洞复合树脂修复的理念与技术已出现很多新的进展，本文基于近期的文献证据，从受力分析、术区隔离、窝洞预备、护髓处理、成形系统的选择与放置、粘接方案、充填方案以及修形与抛光8个方面对Ⅱ类洞复合树脂修复操作要点进行阐述，为Ⅱ类洞复合树脂修复临床实践提供循证医学指导。

关键词: 循证实践, Ⅱ类洞, 复合树脂, 邻面成形, 粘接

Abstract:

Proximal caries are common clinical problems. Restoring proximal caries after cavity preparation with Class Ⅱ cavity restoration is a routine clinical procedure. The composite resin filling has become the preferred method for Class Ⅱ cavity restoration. With the development of composite resins, bonding techniques and matrix systems, the concepts and technologies of Class Ⅱ composite resin restorations have made various new progresses. Based on the latest li-terature evidence, this article elaborates on the key points of Class Ⅱ cavity composite resin restoration operation from eight aspects, including stress analysis, field isolation, cavity preparation, pulp protection, selection and placement of matrix system, bonding protocol, filling protocol, and finishing and polishing, to provide evidence-based medical guidelines for clinical practice of Class Ⅱ cavity composite resin restoration.

Key words: evidence-based practice, Class Ⅱ cavity, composite resin, proximal contouring, bonding

中图分类号: 

  • R 781.1
1 Da Rosa Rodolpho PA, Rodolfo B, Collares K, et al. Clinical performance of posterior resin composite restorations after up to 33 years[J]. Dent Mater, 2022, 38(4): 680-688.
2 Montag R, Dietz W, Nietzsche S, et al. Clinical and micromorphologic 29-year results of posterior composite restorations[J]. J Dent Res, 2018, 97(13): 1431-1437.
3 Demarco FF, Cenci MS, Montagner AF, et al. Longevity of composite restorations is definitely not only about materials[J]. Dent Mater, 2023, 39(1): 1-12.
4 Laske M, Opdam NJM, Bronkhorst EM, et al. Longevity of direct restorations in Dutch dental practi-ces. Descriptive study out of a practice based research network[J]. J Dent, 2016, 46: 12-17.
5 Atlas AM, Behrooz E, Barzilay I. Can bite-force measurement play a role in dental treatment planning, clinical trials, and survival outcomes? A literature review and clinical recommendations[J]. Quintessence Int, 2022, 53(7): 632-642.
6 Albeshir EG, Alsahafi R, Albluwi R, et al. Low-shrinkage resin matrices in restorative dentistry-narrative review[J]. Materials, 2022, 15(8): 2951.
7 Peumans M, Politano G, van Meerbeek B. Effective protocol for daily high-quality direct posterior composite restorations. Cavity preparation and design[J]. J Adhes Dent, 2020, 22(6): 581-596.
8 Miao C, Yang XY, Wong MC, et al. Rubber dam isolation for restorative treatment in dental patients[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2021, 5(5): CD009-858.
9 Falacho RI, Melo EA, Marques JA, et al. Clinical in situ evaluation of the effect of rubber dam isolation on bond strength to enamel[J]. J Esthet Restor Dent, 2023, 35(1): 48-55.
10 闵艺, 吴大明, 范伟. 橡皮障系统及其在新冠肺炎疫情传播控制中的作用[J]. 口腔医学, 2020, 40(7): 585-588.
Min Y, Wu DM, Fan W. Rubber Dam system and its role in helping control the spread of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP)[J]. Stomatology, 2020, 40(7): 585-588.
11 Lynch CD, Opdam NJ, Hickel R, et al. Guidance on posterior resin composites: Academy of Operative Dentistry-European Section[J]. J Dent, 2014, 42(4): 377-383.
12 Foxton RM. Current perspectives on dental adhesion: (2) concepts for operatively managing carious lesions extending into dentine using bioactive and adhesive direct restorative materials[J]. Jpn Dent Sci Rev, 2020, 56(1): 208-215.
13 Dejak B, Mlotkowski A. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of strength and adhesion of composite resin versus ceramic inlays in molars[J]. J Prosthet Dent, 2008, 99(2): 131-140.
14 Forster A, Braunitzer G, Tóth M, et al. In vitro fracture resistance of adhesively restored molar teeth with different MOD cavity dimensions[J]. J Prosthodont, 2019, 28(1): e325-e331.
15 Schwendicke F, Stolpe M, Meyer-Lueckel H, et al. Cost-effectiveness of one- and two-step incomplete and complete excavations[J]. J Dent Res, 2013, 92(10): 880-887.
16 Schwendicke F, Walsh T, Lamont T, et al. Interventions for treating cavitated or dentine carious lesions[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2021, 7(7): CD-013039.
17 Elhennawy K, Finke C, Paris S, et al. Selective vs stepwise removal of deep carious lesions in primary molars: 12-months results of a randomized controlled pilot trial[J]. J Dent, 2018, 77: 72-77.
18 Cardoso M, Coelho A, Rui LM, et al. Efficacy and patient’s acceptance of alternative methods for ca-ries removal-a systematic review[J]. J Clin Med, 2020, 9(11): 3407.
19 Soliman S, Preidl R, Karl S, et al. Influence of cavity margin design and restorative material on marginal quality and seal of extended Class Ⅱ resin composite restorations in vitro [J]. J Adhes Dent, 2016, 18(1): 7-16.
20 MacKenzie L, Banerjee A. Minimally invasive direct restorations: a practical guide[J]. Br Dent J, 2017, 223(3): 163-171.
21 Mirzaei M, Ghavam M, Rostamzadeh T. Reinforcement of unsupported enamel by restorative mate-rials and dentin bonding agents: an in vitro study[J]. J Dent, 2010, 7(2): 84-88.
22 Freeman R, Varanasi S, Meyers IA, et al. Effect of air abrasion and thermocycling on resin adaptation and shear bond strength to dentin for an etch-and-rinse and self-etch resin adhesive[J]. Dent Mater J, 2012, 31(2): 180-188.
23 Ouchi H, Takamizawa T, Tsubota K, et al. The effects of aluminablasting on bond durability between universal adhesives and tooth substrate[J]. Oper Dent, 2020, 45(2): 196-208.
24 Lima VP, Soares K, Caldeira VS, et al. Airborne-particle abrasion and dentin bonding: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Oper Dent, 2021, 46(1): E21-E33.
25 Hilton TJ, Ferracane JL. Cavity preparation factors and microleakage of Class Ⅱ composite restorations filled at intraoral temperatures[J]. Am J Dent, 1999, 12(3): 123-130.
26 Lynch CD, O’Sullivan VR, Dockery P, et al. Hun-ter-Schreger Band patterns and their implications for clinical dentistry[J]. J Oral Rehabil, 2011, 38(5): 359-365.
27 Tong HJ, Seremidi K, Stratigaki E, et al. Deep dentine caries management of immature permanent posterior teeth with vital pulp: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Dent, 2022, 124: 104214.
28 周学东, 黄定明, 刘建国, 等. 牙髓损伤的活髓保存治疗[J]. 华西口腔医学杂志, 2017, 35(4): 339-347.
Zhou XD, Huang DM, Liu JG, et al. Vital pulp the-rapy of damaged dental pulp[J]. West China J Stomatol, 2017, 35(4): 339-347.
29 Cushley S, Duncan HF, Lappin MJ, et al. Efficacy of direct pulp capping for management of cariously exposed pulps in permanent teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Int Endod J, 2021, 54(4): 556-571.
30 Duncan HF. Present status and future directions-vital pulp treatment and pulp preservation strategies[J]. Int Endodontic J, 2022, 55(S3): 497-511.
31 Garcia-Godoy F, Murray PE. Systemic evaluation of various haemostatic agents following local application prior to direct pulp capping[J]. Braz J Oral Sci, 2005, 4(14): 791-797.
32 Patrick R, Cully Jennifer L, Sarat T. Brief communication a retrospective evaluation of a program’s use of indirect pulp therapy for primary molars[J]. Pe-diatr Dent, 2023, 45(1): 16-19.
33 Davaie S, Hooshmand T, Ansarifard S. Different types of bioceramics as dental pulp capping mate-rials: a systematic review[J]. Ceram Int, 2021, 47(15): 20781-20792.
34 Salem-Milani A, Ghasemi S, Rahimi S, et al. The discoloration effect of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA), calcium enriched mixture (CEM), and Portland cement (PC) on human teeth[J]. J Clin Exp Dent, 2017, 9(12): e1397-e1401.
35 About I. Biodentine: from biochemical and bioactive properties to clinical applications[J]. Giornale Italiano Di Endodonzia, 2016, 30(2): 81-88.
36 Bakhtiar H, Nekoofar MH, Aminishakib P, et al. Human pulp responses to partial pulpotomy treatment with TheraCal as compared with biodentine and ProRoot MTA: a clinical trial[J]. J Endod, 2017, 43(11): 1786-1791.
37 Kunert M, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Bio-inductive materials in direct and indirect pulp capping-a review article[J]. Materials, 2020, 13(5): 1204.
38 Liu SY, Wang SN, Dong YM. Evaluation of a bio-ceramic as a pulp capping agent in vitro and in vivo [J]. J Endod, 2015, 41(5): 652-657.
39 Patras M, Doukoudakis S. Class Ⅱ composite restorations and proximal concavities: clinical implications and management[J]. Oper Dent, 2013, 38(2): 119-124.
40 Chuang SF, Su KC, Wang CH, et al. Morphological analysis of proximal contacts in Class Ⅱ direct restorations with 3D image reconstruction[J]. J Dent, 2011, 39(6): 448-456.
41 薛晶. 邻面成形系统的发展和临床应用[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2020, 47(6): 621-626.
Xue J. Development and clinical application of proximal matrix system[J]. Int J Stomatol, 2020, 47(6): 621-626.
42 Peumans M, Venuti P, Politano G, et al. Effective protocol for daily high-quality direct posterior composite restorations. the interdental anatomy of the class-2 composite restoration[J]. J Adhes Dent, 2021, 23(1): 21-34.
43 Bhatia HP, Sood S, Sharma N, et al. Comparative evaluation of clinical efficiency and patient acceptability toward the use of circumferential matrix and sectional matrix for restoration of Class Ⅱ cavities in primary molars: an in vivo study[J]. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent, 2021, 14(6): 748-751.
44 de la Peña VA, García RP, García RP. Sectional matrix: step-by-step directions for their clinical use[J]. Br Dent J, 2016, 220(1): 11-14.
45 Loomans BA, Opdam NJ, Bronkhorst EM, et al. A clinical study on interdental separation techniques[J]. Oper Dent, 2007, 32(3): 207-211.
46 Shaalan OO. Evaluation of matrix band systems for posterior proximal restorations among Egyptian dentists: a cross-sectional survey[J]. Acta Stomatol Croa-t, 2020, 54(4): 392-400.
47 Kampouropoulos D, Paximada C, Loukidis M, et al. The influence of matrix type on the proximal contact in Class Ⅱ resin composite restorations[J]. Oper Dent, 2010, 35(4): 454-462.
48 Loomans BA, Opdam NJ, Roeters FJ, et al. The long-term effect of a composite resin restoration on proximal contact tightness[J]. J Dent, 2007, 35(2): 104-108.
49 Peumans M, van Meerbeek B, Asscherickx K, et al. Do condensable composites help to achieve better proximal contacts[J]. Dent Mater, 2001, 17(6): 533-541.
50 Wirsching E, Loomans BA, Klaiber B, et al. In-fluence of matrix systems on proximal contact tightness of 2- and 3-surface posterior composite restorations in vivo [J]. J Dent, 2011, 39(5): 386-390.
51 Hahn B, Haubitz I, Krug R, et al. Influence of matrix type on marginal gap formation of deep Class Ⅱ bulk-fill composite restorations[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 19(9): 4961.
52 Peumans M, Politano G, Bazos P, et al. Effective protocol for daily high-quality direct posterior composite restorations: layering and finishing[J]. J Adhes Dent, 2020, 22(6): 597-613.
53 Eli I, Weiss E, Kozlovsky A, et al. Wedges in resto-rative dentistry: principles and applications[J]. J Oral Rehabil, 1991, 18(3): 257-264.
54 Cho SD, Browning WD, Walton KS. Clinical use of a sectional matrix and ring[J]. Oper Dent, 2010, 35(5): 587-591.
55 van Meerbeek B, Yoshihara K, van Landuyt K, et al. From buonocore’s pioneering acid-etch technique to self-adhering restoratives. A status perspective of rapidly advancing dental adhesive technology[J]. J Adhes Dent, 2020, 22(1): 7-34.
56 Sofan E, Sofan A, Palaia G, et al. Classification review of dental adhesive systems: from the Ⅳ gene-ration to the universal type[J]. Ann Stomatol, 2017, 8(1): 1-17.
57 van Landuyt KL, Snauwaert J, De Munck J, et al. Origin of interfacial droplets with one-step adhesives[J]. J Dent Res, 2007, 86(8): 739-744.
58 Ahmed MH, Yao CM, van Landuyt K, et al. Extra bonding layer compensates universal adhesive’s thin film thickness[J]. J Adhes Dent, 2020, 22(5): 483-501.
59 Finger WJ, Balkenhol M. Practitioner variability ef-fects on dentin bonding with an acetone-based one-bottle adhesive[J]. J Adhesive Dent, 1999, 1(4): 311-314.
60 van Meerbeek B, van Landuyt K, De Munck J, et al. Technique-sensitivity of contemporary adhesives[J]. Dent Mater J, 2005, 24(1): 1-13.
61 Yamauchi K, Tsujimoto A, Jurado CA, et al. Etch-and-rinse vs self-etch mode for dentin bonding effectiveness of universal adhesives[J]. J Oral Sci, 2019, 61(4): 549-553.
62 Bouillaguet S, Gysi P, Wataha JC, et al. Bond strength of composite to dentin using conventional, one-step, and self-etching adhesive systems[J]. J Dent, 2001, 29(1): 55-61.
63 De Munck J, Vargas M, Iracki J, et al. One-day bonding effectiveness of new self-etch adhesives to bur-cut enamel and dentin[J]. Oper Dent, 2005, 30(1): 39-49.
64 Jin X, Han F, Wang Q, et al. The roles of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate and its cal-cium salt in preserving the adhesive-dentin hybrid layer[J]. Dent Mater, 2022, 38(7): 1194-1205.
65 Ebrahimi M, Janani A, Majidinia S, et al. Are self-etch adhesives reliable for primary tooth dentin? A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Conserv Dent, 2018, 21(3): 243-250.
66 Barceleiro MO, Tardem C, Albuquerque EG, et al. Can composite packaging and selective enamel et-ching affect the clinical behavior of bulk-fill compo-site resin in posterior restorations? 24-month results of a randomized clinical trial[J]. J Appl Oral Sci, 2023, 31: e20220323.
67 Peumans M, De Munck J, van Landuyt KL, et al. Eight-year clinical evaluation of a 2-step self-etch adhesive with and without selective enamel etching[J]. Dent Mater, 2010, 26(12): 1176-1184.
68 Borgia E, Baron R, Borgia JL. Quality and survival of direct light-activated composite resin restorations in posterior teeth: a 5- to 20-year retrospective longitudinal study[J]. J Prosthodont, 2019, 28(1): e195-e203.
69 Arbildo-Vega HI, Lapinska B, Panda S, et al. Clinical effectiveness of bulk-fill and conventional resin composite restorations: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Polymers, 2020, 12(8): 1786.
70 Shaalan OO, Abou-Auf E, El Zoghby AF. Clinical evaluation of flowable resin composite versus conventional resin composite in carious and noncarious lesions: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Conserv Dent, 2017, 20(6): 380-385.
71 Lazaridou D, Belli R, Petschelt A, et al. Are resin composites suitable replacements for amalgam? A study of two-body wear[J]. Clin Oral Investig, 2015, 19(6): 1485-1492.
72 薛晶. 大块充填树脂的临床应用影响因素[J]. 华西口腔医学杂志, 2020, 38(3): 237-243.
Xue J. Factors influencing clinical application of bulk-fill composite resin[J]. West China J Stomatol, 2020, 38(3): 237-243.
73 Veloso SRM, Lemos CAA, de Moraes SLD, et al. Clinical performance of bulk-fill and conventional resin composite restorations in posterior teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Clin Oral Investig, 2019, 23(1): 221-233.
74 Barutcigil Ç, Barutcigil K, Özarslan MM, et al. Co-lor of bulk-fill composite resin restorative materials[J]. J Esthet Restor Dent, 2018, 30(2): E3-E8.
75 Tomaszewska IM, Tomaszewska IM, Kearns JO, et al. Bulk fill restoratives: to cap or not to cap-that is the question[J]. J Dent, 2015, 43(3): 309-316.
76 Bazos P, Magne P. Bio-emulation: biomimetically emulating nature utilizing a histo-anatomic approach; structural analysis[J]. Eur J Esthet Dent, 2011, 6(1): 8-19.
77 Pop-Ciutrila IS, Ghinea R, Colosi HA, et al. Dentin translucency and color evaluation in human incisors, canines, and molars[J]. J Prosthet Dent, 2016, 115(4): 475-481.
78 Sampaio CS, Chiu KJ, Farrokhmanesh E, et al. Microcomputed tomography evaluation of polymerization shrinkage of Class Ⅰ flowable resin composite restorations[J]. Oper Dent, 2017, 42(1): E16-E23.
79 Lawson NC, Janyavula S, Price RB. 2021 trends in restorative dentistry: composites, curing lights, and matrix bands[J]. Compend Contin Educ Dent, 2021, 42(2): 93-94.
80 Deliperi S, Bardwell DN. An alternative method to reduce polymerization shrinkage in direct posterior composite restorations[J]. J Am Dent Assoc, 2002, 133(10): 1387-1398.
81 Strnad G, Kovacs M, Andras E, et al. Effect of cu-ring, finishing and polishing techniques on microhardness of composite restorative materials[J]. Procedia Technol, 2015, 19: 233-238.
82 Marigo L, Nocca G, Fiorenzano G, et al. Influences of different air-inhibition coatings on monomer re-lease, microhardness, and color stability of two composite materials[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2019, 2019: 4240264.
83 Aggarwal V, Singla M, Yadav S, et al. Effect of flowable composite liner and glass ionomer liner on Class Ⅱ gingival marginal adaptation of direct composite restorations with different bonding strategies[J]. J Dent, 2014, 42(5): 619-625.
84 Nie J, Yap AU, Wang XY. Influence of shrinkage and viscosity of flowable composite liners on cervical microleakage of Class Ⅱ restorations: a micro-CT analysis[J]. Oper Dent, 2018, 43(6): 656-664.
85 Karaman E, Keskin B, Inan U. Three-year clinical evaluation of Class Ⅱ posterior composite restorations placed with different techniques and flowable composite linings in endodontically treated teeth[J]. Clin Oral Investig, 2017, 21(2): 709-716.
86 van Dijken JWV, Pallesen U. Bulk-filled posterior resin restorations based on stress-decreasing resin technology: a randomized, controlled 6-year evaluation[J]. Eur J Oral Sci, 2017, 125(4): 303-309.
87 Pietrokovski Y, Zeituni D, Schwartz A, et al. Comparison of different finishing and polishing systems on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of resin composite[J]. Materials, 2022, 15(21): 7415.
88 St-Pierre L, Martel C, Crépeau H, et al. Influence of polishing systems on surface roughness of compo-site resins: polishability of composite resins[J]. Oper Dent, 2019, 44(3): E122-E132.
89 Jaramillo-Cartagena R, López-Galeano EJ, Latorre-Correa F, et al. Effect of polishing systems on the surface roughness of nano-hybrid and nano-filling composite resins: a systematic review[J]. Dent J, 2021, 9(8): 95.
[1] 吴礼安. 部分断冠粘接术在儿童恒前牙复杂冠根折中的初步应用[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2023, 50(6): 623-631.
[2] 王路明,曹潇,仵琳悦,李蕴聪,雷波,牛林. 掺锌生物活性玻璃纳米颗粒对复合树脂力学性能影响的实验研究[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2022, 49(4): 404-411.
[3] 张静怡,李丹薇,孙宇,雷雅燕,刘涛,龚瑜. 复合树脂及复合体对成骨细胞毒性及成骨向分化的影响[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2022, 49(4): 412-419.
[4] 丁景瑜,田子璐,王惠敏,朱轩言,杨宇斌,朱松. 即刻牙本质封闭的研究进展[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2022, 49(1): 121-124.
[5] 王剑. 浅谈嵌体和高嵌体修复的临床应用[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2021, 48(5): 497-505.
[6] 刘昱晨,田敏,牛丽娜,方明. 粘接固定桥存留率的影响因素及提高对策[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2021, 48(5): 585-591.
[7] 黎敏,华成舸,蒋丽. 提高氧化锆陶瓷粘接性能新技术的研究进展[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2021, 48(4): 485-490.
[8] 钮晔,曾芸婷,曾悦翔,张泽宇,肖立伟. 数字化技术在直丝弓托槽间接粘接中的应用[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2021, 48(4): 491-496.
[9] 沈冬妮,施莹,傅柏平. 后牙牙合贴面修复的研究进展[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2021, 48(3): 287-291.
[10] 刘敏,张宽收,刘青梅. 激光蚀刻牙体组织在直接粘接技术中的研究进展[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2021, 48(3): 292-296.
[11] 薛晶. 邻面成形系统的发展和临床应用[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2020, 47(6): 621-626.
[12] 刘恩言,李明云. 茶多酚类化合物在牙本质粘接中应用的研究进展[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2020, 47(6): 732-738.
[13] 韩雨亭,吴燕茹. 应用龈壁提升术修复牙体缺损的研究进展[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2019, 46(3): 349-355.
[14] 秦娇娇,焦珊,王成坤. Er:YAG和Nd:YAG激光对牙本质与瓷修复体粘接面粘接强度影响的研究进展[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2019, 46(3): 361-366.
[15] 侯晔坡,高杰. Er:YAG激光照射对牙科陶瓷材料粘接影响的研究进展[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2019, 46(1): 68-72.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] 王昆润. 修补颌骨缺损的新型生物学相容材料[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 1999, 26(06): .
[2] 陆加梅. 不可复性关节盘移位患者术前张口度与关节镜术后疗效的相关性[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 1999, 26(06): .
[3] 王昆润. 咀嚼口香糖对牙周组织微循环的影响[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 1999, 26(06): .
[4] 宋红. 青少年牙周炎外周血分叶核粒细胞的趋化功能[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 1999, 26(06): .
[5] 高卫民,李幸红. 发达国家牙医学院口腔种植学教学现状[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 1999, 26(06): .
[6] 侯锐. 正畸患者釉白斑损害的纵向激光荧光研究[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 1999, 26(05): .
[7] 轩东英. 不同赋形剂对氢氧化钙抗菌效果的影响[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 1999, 26(05): .
[8] 房兵. 唇腭裂新生儿前颌骨矫正方法及对上颌骨生长发育的影响[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 1999, 26(05): .
[9] 杨美祥. 前牙厚度在预测上下颌牙量协调性中的作用[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 1999, 26(04): .
[10] 赵艳丽. 手术刀、电凝、CO_2和KTP激光对大鼠舌部创口的作用[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 1999, 26(04): .