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01 January 2017, Volume 44 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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·Expert Forum·

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Research status and clinical application of ceramic veneer restorations Meng Yukun, Zong Yi Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  1-10.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.001 Abstract ( 1618 )   HTML ( 47 )   PDF（pc） (9253KB) ( 1827 )   Save With the improvement of living standards and increasing esthetic demands of patients, veneer has become widely accepted by both the patients and the prosthodontists as its minimal invasion and optimal esthetic characteristics. This paper reviewed the research progress on materials, indications, clinical results and techniques of veneers, aiming to provide references for their clinical applications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rehabilitation of worn dentition complicated by clicking joint Liu Yang, Zhao Hanchi Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  11-18.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.002 Abstract ( 1264 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF（pc） (9596KB) ( 715 )   Save Teeth abrasion severely compromises the health and function of the masticatory organ. Treating worn dentition is problematic because rehabilitation involves altering the mandibular centricity. The current case study presented a patient with temporomandibular joint disorders and considerable anterior tooth wear. The cause and pathogenesis was carefully established by analyzing all the available clinical information in detail. A treatment plan was implemented accordingly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

·Original Articles·

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Clinical study on secondary alveolar bone grafting by lip side combined with palate side approach Lu Yong, Shi Bing, Wang Zhiyong, Li Hao Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  19-23.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.003 Abstract ( 1120 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF（pc） (2916KB) ( 769 )   Save Objective To assess the clinical effect of secondary alveolar bone grafting(SABG) by lip side combined with palate side approach. Methods The study included 45 cases of alveolar clefts treated with SABG. The experimental group comprised 21 alveolar cleft cases that received SABG by lip side combined with palate side approach(age range 9-13 years, mean age 10.3 years). The control group comprised 24 alveolar cleft cases that received SABG by lip side approach(age range 9-14 years, mean age 11.2 years). Postoperative pain and swelling were recorded and analyzed. After a follow-up period of 1-12 months, the amount of bone in the SABG areas were retrospectively analyzed according to the Bergland scales. Results The occurrence of postoperative pain and swelling in the experimental group was lower than that in control group. A total of 81% of cases in the experimental group were categorized as successful, and 42% of cases in the control group were categorized as successful. Conclusion SABG through lip side combined with palate side approach has a high success rate with a low incidence of complications. This method has satisfactory clinical results with less surgical trauma and postoperative adverse reactions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of mixing methods on the porosity and mechanical properties of three different alginate impression materials Cao Yong, He Haoyu, Li Hao, Liao Hongbing. Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  24-27.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.004 Abstract ( 1997 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (1264KB) ( 917 )   Save Objective To evaluate the air bubble formation and mechanical properties of alginate impression material mixed manually, by a fully automatic mixing machine, and by a semi-automatic mixing machine. Methods Alginate impression materials were mixed by three different methods under the same conditions(room temperature, water/powder ratio, and distilled water temperature). The number and area of air bubbles, compression strain, elastic recovery, and rheological property were evaluated. Results The number and area of air bubbles were statistically different between the materials mixed by three different methods. Material sections from the manual group had the most air bubbles, whereas material sections from the fully automatic group had the least. The manual group had lower elastic recovery compared with the fully automatic and semi-automatic groups. The impression materials were mixed by different methods according to national criteria. The fully automatic group had the best rheological property. Conclusion Mixing methods affected the air bubble content and mechanical properties of alginate material. The mechanical properties of the material mixed by different methods were eligible for clinical use in accordance with national criteria. The alginate mixed with the fully automatic machine showed the best performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An epidemiologic survey of dental caries among school children in the rural area of Chengdu Wang Yachong, Hu Deyu, Dong Ying, Tu Rui, Li Xue, Kong Heng Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  28-31.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.005 Abstract ( 645 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (1176KB) ( 274 )   Save Objective To determinethe prevalence of dental caries among school children in the rural area of Chengdu city. Methods The primary schools of Chengdu city in Sichuan province were chosen randomly. All school children aged between 7 to 11 years old were examined for dental caries using Nyvad index. All results of the oral examinations were recorded using Epidata software. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 edition. Results This survey included a total of 6 157 school children, including 3 070 males and 3 087 females. The average age was 9.6±0.64. The prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth and permanent teeth werer 77.8% and 33.5%, respectively. The prevalence of early childhood caries was 9.7%. The prevalence of dental caries includes 78.2% of active dental caries and 22.8% of non-active dental caries. The dental caries were frequently found on occlusal, buccal, and lingual surfaces. Conclusion This survey showed that most dental caries were active. The dental caries were frequently found on the occlusal, buccal, and lingual surfaces. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the antitumor effect of telomerase Cajal body protein 1-shRNA on human oral squamous cell carcinoma in nude mice Wang Kun, Ge Yichen, Cui Bomiao, Gou Yaping, Sun Chongkui, Long Min, Xiao Liying, Li Yan. Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  32-36.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.006 Abstract ( 838 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (3714KB) ( 298 )   Save Objective To investigate the effects of silencing telomerase Cajal body protein 1(TCAB1) on the growth of a xenograft tumor and its biological behavior. Methods Quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization(Q-FISH) was used to detect the fluorescence intensity of the telomere in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) Cal27 cells screened stably to the 26th passage with the treatment of shTCAB1 and sh negative control(NC). The results were then compared with wild-type Cal27 cells. Then these cells with RNA interference were inoculated subcutaneously into the left and right neck of the nude mice. Tumor volume was detected periodically to draw growth curves. The weight of the tumor was calculated after executing the nude mice. The expressions of TCAB1, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), and Cyclin D1 in the xenograft tumor tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results The results of Q-FISH showed that the telomere length was significantly shorter in shTCAB1 Cal27 cells than in the shNC and wild-type Cal27 cells. The xenograft tumor in the shTCAB1 treatment group had a slower growth rate than that in the shNC group. The average weight of tumors in two groups showed that the inhibition rate was 76.9%. The immunohistochemistry results demonstrated a lower expression of TCAB1 in the shTCAB1 group. Furthermore, down-regulated expression of Bcl-2, VEGF, and Cyclin D1 and up-regulated expre-ssion of Caspase-3 were observed compared with shNC group. Conclusion Depletion of TCAB1 using the shRNA lentivirus inhibited the proliferation of the xenograft tumor in vitro. The antitumor mechanism may be associated with the apoptosis-inducing extension of cell division cycle and angiogenesis inhibition. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A comparative study on the consonant articulation place of preschool and older patients with cleft palate Wang Xiaomeng, Kuang Hai, Li Hongyi, Li Dongshuang. Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  37-40.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.007 Abstract ( 857 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (1075KB) ( 363 )   Save Objective Cooperating with two experienced speech pathologists to compare the consonant articulation place of preschool and older patients with a cleft palate can improve current therapeutic techniques. Methods A total of 40 preschool and 40 older patients with cleft palate were collected. Their consonants and sentence construction were examined. A cross-over analysis the differences in the accuracy and the rate of misarticulation on different articulation place was obtained. Results Differences on accuracy in the alveolar, palatal, labial, labiodentals, and velar regions were observed. No differences were observed in compensatory misarticulation except in the velar area. Differences in omission misarticulation in alveolar, palatal and velar regions were also observed. Conclusion Differences exist in the accuracy and the rate of misarticulation on different articulation places between two groups. We can use the results of this study to plan a speech situation before the operation and create the personal training plan for after the operation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment of orthodontic clinical education reforms Su Hongli. Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  41-44.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.008 Abstract ( 814 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF（pc） (1077KB) ( 440 )   Save Objective To improve the ability of undergraduate dentistry majors to solve orthodontic clinical problems with basic knowledge. Methods A total of 43 undergraduate dentistry majors from Weifang Medical University were divided into two groups and taught by problem-based and lecture-based learning. Pre- and post-tests and a post-questionnaire were given to the participants to evaluate the effects of the two teaching methods. Results Scores of the two groups indicated improved learning without statistical significance. Students preferred problem-based learning over lecture-based learning in compounding theory with clinical practice and communicating ability. Conclusion Problem-based learning was superior in assisting students to solve clinical problems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different surface treatments on the bonding strength of titanium and resin Ma Zhiling1, Liu Jie2 Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  45-49.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.009 Abstract ( 791 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (3006KB) ( 523 )   Save Ojective This study aims at assessing the effect of different surface treatment on bonding strength of titanium and resin. Methods Metal specimens were prepared to divide into six groups randomly like following: polishing(group A), etching(group B), sandblasting(group C), sand blasting and etching(group D), microare-oxidation(group E), TiN film(group F). According to the groups, to treat the metal specimens, and to take one from each group to measure the surface roughness with a roughness machine after that all the specimens were coated with crown and bridge composite resin to fixed area. The fracture surface morphology of the titanium-resin was observed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and the energy dispersive X spectrometer to analysis the elemental composition. The shear bond strengths of the specimens were evaluated by a Universal Testing Machine. Results The surface roughness of each group were (0.370±0.039) μm for group A, (1.456±0.044) μm for group B, (2.044±0.019) μm for group C, (1.970±0.047) μm for group D, (0.683±0.023) μm for group E, and (2.195±0.066) μm for group F. The shear bond strengths of each groups were (5.84±0.30) MPa for group A, (10.22±0.63) MPa for group B, (10.78±0.45) MPa for group C, (12.24±0.46) MPa for group D, (13.82±0.61) MPa for group E, and (16.81±0.74) MPa for group F. We can find polymerization porcelain remain on titanium porcelain metal surface of group B to group E, by watching through the results of SEM. Conclusion Sandblasting and etching together, microare-oxidation and TiN film can improve the bonding strength of titanium and crown and bridge composite. resin obviously. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of occlusal adjustments on the periodontal status of patients with periodontitis after orthodontic treatment Yao Shuang, Liu Xiaojun, Zhou Zhi, Yang Shuang, Ji Juanjuan, Zhou Xin, Shen Yong. Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  50-54.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.010 Abstract ( 1011 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF（pc） (1177KB) ( 480 )   Save Objective To observe the changes in occlusal adjustments on periodontal status of patients with periodontal disease before and after orthodontic treatment. Methods Forty-seven cases of adult orthodontic patients periodontal were selected and divided into two groups according to whether occlusal adjustment, named observation group and control group. The periodontal status of all the patients was evaluated during the first visit. After 6 and 12 months, the periodontal status of the patients was evaluated again. The changes in the periodontal status were recorded, and statistical analysis was performed. Results Periodontal probing depth(PD), clinical attachment loss(CAL), and bleeding index(BI) observed after six months of the treatment, were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05). Tooth loose degrees(TM) also significantly reduced compared to that before treatment. PD and CAL changes of the group six months after treatment compared with treatment was completed, were also lower. The degree of looseness was significantly reduced. PD, BI of the group 6 months after treatment decreased than those before treatment and the control group. The tooth mobility of 6 months after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment and just after treatment. The PD, CAL and TM of the observed group are statistically different from those in the control group. Conclusion Occlusal adjustment for the malocclusion patients with periodontitis in the cause of orthodontic therapy, which helped to remove pathological factors, eliminate occlusal trauma, and build the occlusal balance, showed effectiveness in treatment of reconstruction and repair of periodontal tissues. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study of maxillary sinus lateral wall thickness of different population in Xinjiang region using cone-beam CT Luo Zhiqiang, Ye Zhongtai Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  55-58.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.011 Abstract ( 872 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (1049KB) ( 308 )   Save Objective To evaluate maxillary sinus lateral wall thickness of different population by using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT), in order to provide anatomical basis for operation guidance, preoperative risk assessment and surgical risk in operation which is closely related with the maxillary sinus lateral wall thickness. Methods Using Planmeca Romexis 3.1.0.R software to evaluate the 3D image data in all 331 samples which maxillary sinus lateral wall was taken from 15、16、17、25、26、27 in radiology department of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Urgur Autonomous Region from April 2013 to October 2014. The data was analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software package. Results Male or female, Han people or Uyghur people, different age groups and presence or absence of tooth the maximum thickness of lateral wall were all almost located at 16 or 26. The minimum thickness of lateral wall was 0.5 mm, located at the second molar. The maximum thickness of lateral wall was 10.92 mm, located at the first molar. In the same location, between different gender, races, age groups and presence or absence of tooth, there were no significant differences(P<0.05), except the left second molar between male and female. Conclusion CBCT can precisely measure maxillary sinus lateral wall thickness. Age, gender, race and presence or absence of tooth have little influence on the thickness of lateral wall, however, there are large differences in the thickness of lateral wall between different location and individual. References | Related Articles | Metrics

·Case Report·

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Malignant transformation of keratocystic odontogenic tumor: a case report Niu Haoman, Zhang Lina, Yang Xiao, Tang Yaling, Geng Ning, Chen Yu. Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  59-62.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.012 Abstract ( 1034 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF（pc） (5657KB) ( 459 )   Save Keratocystic odontogenic tumors(KCOT) are benign tumors with potentially aggressive behavior and a high recurrence rate after surgical operation. On rare occasions, KCOT may undergo malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma. In this article, one related case with repeated relapses is reported, and its clinicopathologic features are discussed in relation to relevant literature. References | Related Articles | Metrics

·Treatment Studies

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Adverse effects and their management—treating oral pemphigus vulgaris with systemic glucocorticoid therapy Zhang Xuefeng, Wang Jiongke, Zeng Xin, Chen Qianming. Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  63-68.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.014 Abstract ( 1377 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF（pc） (1141KB) ( 479 )   Save Systemic glucocorticoid therapy has been the main therapy for the treatment of many diseases, including pemphigus vulgaris. However, roughly two-thirds of these patients experience at least one glucocorticoid-induced adverse event. Therefore, understanding the side effects of glucocorticoids and managing them properly is critical for treating pemphigus vulgaris. This paper reviews the adverse events and relevant treatments during glucocorticoid interventions of pemphigus vulgaris. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dosage and course of treatment—treating oral pemphigus vulgaris with systemic glucocorticoid therapy Wang Jiongke, Zhang Xuefeng, Chen Qianming, Zeng Xin. Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  69-74.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.013 Abstract ( 1826 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF（pc） (1170KB) ( 673 )   Save Pemphigus vulgaris is a kind of auto-immune mucocutaneous blistering disease, and glucocorticoids are the most classic and common treatment for it. Research on the therapies for pemphigus vulgaris is abundant; however, most studies have focused on the classification of treatments and have failed to evaluate the initial dosage. Moreover, reports on tapering dosages and maintenance therapy are rarer. At present, foreign guidelines on methods for treating pemphigus vulgaris with systemic glucocorticoid therapy have come from dermatological experts from Japan, Europe, and Britain. We have no guideline of our own, and clinicians strongly rely on their experience alone. This paper expounds on safely and effectively using oral glucocorticoids in the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris from the perspectives of dosage and the course of treatment. This paper also attempts to present treating standards via related essays and guidelines and provides management strategies for treating pemphigus vulgaris with glucocorticoids. References | Related Articles | Metrics

·Reviews·

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Research progress on preliminary preparation instrument for root canal Zhao Xu, Li Yujiao, Liu Li, Zhao Hongyan, Zhang Zhimin. Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  75-78.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.015 Abstract ( 1124 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF（pc） (1075KB) ( 835 )   Save Root canal treatment is the main therapy of dental pulp diseases and periapical diseases. The success or failure of the treatment largely depends on the quality of root canal preparation. In root canal preparation, an access to the pulp cavity is created and continuous, smooth root canal is established. This process is the initial preparation of root canal and results in clean root canal. Accordingly, root canal instruments can smoothly enter the root canal and instrument fracture can thus be avoided. Special instruments are used to establish smooth canal when necessary. Preliminary preparation instruments for root canal with unique function and good forming capability can be developed rapidly. This paper provides constructive suggestions in treating dental pulp and periapical diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck Zeng Xianhuan, Han Zemin Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  79-82.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.016 Abstract ( 1464 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF（pc） (1046KB) ( 723 )   Save Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland is a rare malignant tumor in the head and neck, but this tumor is the most common malignant type in the salivary gland. Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma is characterized by local, early, and blood vessel invasions, and the unique biological features of blood metastasis. The epidemiology, clinical behavior, pathology, diagnostic workup, treatment, and prognosis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma were reviewed to determine its unique biological characteristics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chemotherapy in the treatment of osteosarcoma in oral maxillofacial-head and neck region Li Xiao, Ji Tong. Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  83-86.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.017 Abstract ( 895 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (1117KB) ( 508 )   Save Osteosarcoma is one of the rare malignant tumors in the maxillofacial region. Synthetic sequential therapy including radical resection and adjuvant radio-chemotherapy is the most effective currently. Chemotherapy is an important part in synthetic sequential therapy. In the existing chemotherapy regimens, traditional chemotherapy such as MAP(methotrexate, adriacin, cisplatin) plays a key role in the treatment of osteosarcoma in oral maxillofacial-head and neck region. In addition, some other regimens such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, electrochemical therapy are also proposed in recent years, but their effectiveness remains to be investigated. Chemotherapy has a significant effect on improving the prognosis of osteosarcoma. With the gradual development of the cognition of osteosarcoma molecular biology in recent years, it has become a new trend to study the chemical drugs for tumor cells in the level of molecular biology. This paper reviews the application of chemotherapy in the treatment of osteosarcoma in oral and maxillofacial- head and neck region. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between osteoclastic protein-tyrosine phosphatase and orthodontic treatment induced root resorption Cui Yue, Jiang Huan, Hu Min. Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  87-91.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.018 Abstract ( 830 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (1132KB) ( 346 )   Save Root resorption is a common complication of orthodontic treatment whose factors are very complicated. The processe of root resorption is similar to bone resorption. The cementoclast plays a main role in this process, and it is similar to the shape and function of osteoclasts. Osteoclastic protein-tyrosine phosphatase(PTP-oc) is mainly expressed in osteoclasts, and has a positive regulatory effect on osteoclasts. In this paper, the mechanism of PTP-oc is discussed, which provides a reference for the prevention and treatment of root resorption. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on anti-caries dental adhesives Chen Hui, Cheng Lei. Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  92-97.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.019 Abstract ( 900 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF（pc） (1150KB) ( 725 )   Save Composite resin and adhesive system are frequently used in repairing dental defects and improving the teeth color and appearance. However, these materials have drawbacks of lack of effective antibacterial properties and limited effectiveness of long-term repair because of secondary caries. In recent years, bonding agents with antibacterial ingredients exhibit certain antimicrobial functions, good mechanical properties, and enhanced dentine remineralization. Hence, the use of such agents is becoming a controversial topic in research. This paper reviews and summarizes the classification of anti-caries adhesive materials and the recent development of antibacterial and mineralized adhesives. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The role of help T cells in periodontal immunoresponses and tissue destruction Xu Lihua, Xu Yaosheng, Yang Dongru Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  98-102.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.020 Abstract ( 831 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (1143KB) ( 394 )   Save Periodontal tissue destruction in periodontitis is primarily caused by the immunoresponse and inflammation toward bacterial challenge. T helper(Th) cells are important for the cellular immunity of T cells. In particular, Th2 cells are important for the humoral immunity of B cells. Th1/Th2 is a pair of important effector T cells, which inhibit each other in function by the different cytokines they secrete and keep balance in normal conditions. Previous findings demonstrate that the different clinical manifestations of periodontitis at different periods are associated with Th1/Th2 imbalance. The early and stable period of periodontitis is dominated by Th1 immunoresponses, whereas the progressive period of the disease is dominated by Th2 immunoresponses. The recently found Th17 and regulatory T cell(Treg) are new T helper cell subsets. Th17 cells are associated with chronic periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction, whereas Treg cells are associated with the inhibition of inflammation. Similar to the case of Th1/Th2 balance pattern, Th17 and Treg are also closely related, and they balance each other both in terms of differentiation and functions. Th17/Treg and Th1/Th2 and their cytokines constitute a complicated cytokine network at the periodontal tissue. Their relationship with the progression and tissue destruction of periodontitis is currently undergoing extensive research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Saccharomyces albicans: its dental caries correlation and mechanism Liu Shiyu, He Jinzhi, Li Mingyun. Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  103-107.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.021 Abstract ( 928 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF（pc） (1092KB) ( 859 )   Save Saccharomyces albicans(S. albicans) is a Gram-positive fungus and widely exists in the upper respiratory tract, intestinal canal, and vagina of healthy people. S. albicans does not cause diseases in a state of symbiosis with the host. The ability of S. albicans to switch its morphotype from yeast to hyphal forms contributes to its pathogenesis and leads to oral mucosa infection and dental caries. In oral biofilms of caries-affected people, an interaction may exist between S. albicans and Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) leading to the development of dental caries. S. albicans tends to adhere tightly to Streptococcus gordonii(S. gordonii), that is, a polysaccharide existing on the surface of the cell wall of S. gordonii is one of the adhesion receptors of S. albicans. S. gordonii can alleviate the inhibition effect of quorum-sensing mechanism on hyphae formation and biofilm development of S. albicans, thereby increasing the biomass. This review focused on S. albicans, the correlation of S. albicansand dental caries, and the research progress on the possible specific mechanism involved in the occurrence and development of dental caries caused by the interactions of S. albicans, together with S. mutans, S. gordonii, and other oral bacteria. This study aims to provide ideas and references for future clinical research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role and mechanism of microRNA in osteogenic differentiation Liu Runheng, Liu Yudong, Chen Zhuofan. Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  108-113.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.022 Abstract ( 641 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (1141KB) ( 561 )   Save The problem of insufficient bone usually occurs during oral implantology treatment. The use of bone substitute materials is one of the most important methods to reconstruct bone defects clinically. Therefore, the properties and molecular mechanisms of these bone substitute materials have been a controversial topic in research. MicroRNA(miRNA) is a short, non-coding RNA. It regulates cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and other pathophysiological processes by post-transcription. In addition, miRNA can regulate the dynamic remodeling of bone tissue by affecting the expression of osteogenic factors and the activation of osteogenic signal transduction pathway. This paper reviews the role of miRNA in osterix, core binding factor α1, Smad, and transforming growth factor-β. The regulating function of miRNA in the signal transduction pathways of bone morphogenetic protein, wingless-type mice mammary tumor virus integration site family, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and adipogenesis is investigated. The relation of miRNA with dental materials and its application in repairing bone defects are also reviewed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the related problems of mandibular third molar eruption Wen Xiaomeng, Ma Wensheng. Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  114-117.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.023 Abstract ( 1031 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF（pc） (1056KB) ( 158 )   Save The development of the third lower molar in adolescents receiving orthodontic treatment is a concern of orthodontists and the parents of patients. Several factors may affect the eruption of the third lower molar, including retro-molar space, sagittal inclination of the third molar, extraction of second molars and premolars, vertical and antero-posterior skeletal patterns, calcification stage of the third molar, inclination of adjacent molars, width of the third molar, and gender. This article reviews some of the recent studies to provide the basis for predicting the eruption of the third molar in adolescents receiving orthodontic treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological activity of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans lipoteichoic acid Liu Kun, Hou Benxiang. Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (1):  118-124.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.01.024 Abstract ( 1180 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF（pc） (1184KB) ( 148 )   Save Enterococcus faecalis(E. faecalis) is commonly detected in refractory and chronic periapical periodontal infections and is one of the main pathogenic bacteria in the root canal. Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) is the main pathogenic bacteria caused by dental caries. E. faecalis and S. mutans virulence factors of lipoteichoic acid(LTA) can promote cells to secrete inflammatory factor, which leads to inflammation, promotes the absorption of periapical alveolar bone, and contributes to bacterial adhesion on tooth surface and biofilm formation. E. faecalis and S. mutans LTA in pathogenic bacteria is important, but its ultimate function is unclear. Therefore, this study investigates the pathogenic mechanism and molecular structure of LTA to understand the blockage of pathogenic pathway and thus reduce its pathogenicity. References | Related Articles | Metrics