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Table of Content

    01 March 2017, Volume 44 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
    Expert Consensus
    Restoration of preformed metal crown on dental caries of primary molars
    Zheng Liwei1, Zou Jing1, Xia Bin2, Liu Yingqun3, Huang Yang4, Zhao Jin5
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  125-129.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.001
    Abstract ( 2145 )   HTML ( 50 )   PDF(pc) (3482KB) ( 1345 )   Save
    Dental caries of primary teeth is a common childhood oral disease. The third national oral health epidemiological investigation revealed a high prevalence of caries and low consultation rates in primary teeth of Chinese children. Based on the typical morphological anatomy and structural characteristics of primary teeth, children’s caries are caused by unhealthy dietary habits and other relevant factors. Moreover, dental caries of primary teeth show more specific clinical manifestations compared with those of permanent teeth, thereby possibly affecting the succedaneous permanent teeth, growth, and development of children and even physiological health. In contemporary dentistry, primary teeth dental caries are mainly treated with drugs, restorative treatment, or both; whereas clinical operators prefer restorative treatment as the main treatment method. Preformed metal crowns, a subclass of restorative treatment, are typically preferred for extensive carious lesions of primary teeth in clinical practice. This article reviews the available information regarding preformed metal crown restorative treatment of primary tooth dental caries, including its background, clinical indications, clinical pathway, and related studies.
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    Expert Forum
    Treatment of condylar osteochondroma combined with secondary dentofacial deformities
    Luo En.
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  130-134.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.002
    Abstract ( 1464 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF(pc) (7062KB) ( 523 )   Save
    Surgical treatment of condylar osteochondroma combined with secondary dentofacial deformities is a significant clinical challenge. Diagnosis and treatment protocol of condylar osteochondroma patients who also have secondary dentofacial deformities are discussed according to the features of tumor and dentofacial deformities. The condylar osteochondroma and secondary dentofacial deformities were treated through one or several Methods of tumor resection, condylar reconstruction, correction of skeletal deformities, and treatment of malocclusion. Temporomandibular joint function, occlusion, and facial appearance were evaluated after operation by radiographic examination and follow-up. Surgical management of condylar osteochondroma with secondary dentofacial deformities requires careful patient selection, treatment planning, and precise execution.
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    Original Articles
    Comparison of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of Chinese dental interns on hepatitis B among different de-partments
    Li Xinyi1, 2, Mei Chaorong3, Kuang Yu1, Huang Liuye4, Yang Ting1, Li Mingyuan1, Yang Yuan1
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  135-140.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.003
    Abstract ( 696 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(pc) (1366KB) ( 391 )   Save
    Objective This study investigated and compared the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors(KAB) of Chinese dental interns towards hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection among different departments. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was surveyed among 232 students who were taking clinical practice. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were used to identify associations between KAB and Results obtained from different departments and genders. Results Over 80% of participants, independent of affiliated departments, displayed good or excellent level of knowledge. Prosthodontic students have a higher knowledge score compared with students from oral conservative dentistry(P=0.035) and oral maxillofacial surgery(P=0.019 87). Interns from oral conservative dentistry who were exposed to HBV-infected patients have different attitudes(P=0.006), which is also shared by oral maxillofacial surgery(P=0.047). Interns from each department reported that over 60% of them received all three required doses of vaccination or even over three doses, specifically for orthodontic interns, which is around 80%. 34% interns from oral conservative dentistry reported “always” or “mostly” when checking antibody titer status, but 66% of interns from orthodontics said “rarely” or “never”. Orthodontic students had lower injury rate compared with students from oral conservative dentistry(P=0.044), and has a lower trend compared with students of oral maxillofacial surgery(P=0.053). 100% orthodontic interns “always” wear gown. Oral conservative dentistry had higher score than oral maxillofacial surgery(P=2.31e-6), prosthodontics(P=1.704e-7) and orthodontics(P=1.3e-5). Female students have a significantly higher score than male students(P=2.584e-5). Conclusion More knowledge about transmission of HBV should be required from prosthodontic interns. Orthodontic interns should hold on high vaccination rates and check antibody titer status more frequently. Interns from oral conservative dentistry should combine theory with practice. Interns from oral maxillofacial surgery should improve self-awareness of their knowledge and maintain positive attitudes.
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    Investigation and analysis of malocclusion in primary dentition of Kunming residents
    Huang Guiyue, Liu Bo, Chen Meihong, Xu Yanhua.
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  141-143.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.004
    Abstract ( 986 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF(pc) (1129KB) ( 570 )   Save
    Objective This study determined the malocclusion of primary dentition in Kunming City residents in Yunnan Province and to provide evidence of malocclusion of primary dentition preventive orthodontics and interceptive orthodontics. Methods A total of 2 116 children who have primary dentition were surveyed from three kindergarten schools in Kunming City. Cross-section survey and malocclusion rate calculation were performed. Results The survey showed that 1 516 out of 2 116 children have malocclusion, with a rate of 72%. The most important types of malocclusion in primary dentition are overbite, dental crowding, anterior cross bite, edge-to-edge bite, early loss of deciduous teeth, and open bite. Conclusion The rate of malocclusion of primary dentition in Kunming City is high. Much work should be done to prevent or treat malocclusion of primary dentition.
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    Analyzing the cognition and behaviors about oral health in Chengdu nursing home residents
    Li Jing1, Lu Qian1, Liu Xingchen1, Shi Zongdao2
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  144-147.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.005
    Abstract ( 739 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(pc) (1093KB) ( 354 )   Save
    Objective To investigate the cognition and behaviors about oral health of nursing home residents in Chengdu and analyze the influencing factors. Methods Oral health cognition and behaviors were surveyed made among 271 nursing home residents in Chengdu. Results Residents had low oral health cognition and incorrect behaviors. Moreover, the elderly with different levels of education and economy had varied oral health cognition, resulting in their oral behaviors being significantly different. Conclusion Educational and economic levels affected the oral health cognition of nursing home residents. Therefore, more oral education and services should be provided to improve their oral health.
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    Treating severe tooth wear through occlusal reconstruction
    Yang Yun, Li Zhen, Meng Xiangfeng, Qian Dongdong.
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  148-152.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.006
    Abstract ( 1303 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF(pc) (5019KB) ( 793 )   Save
    Objective To evaluate the feasibility of treating severe tooth wear through occlusal reconstruction with a fixed partial denture. Methods Occlusal splints were used for 3 months in a patient with severe tooth wear, and the interim restorations were observed for 1 year. After a year, the dentitions were rehabilitated using a fixed partial denture to reconstruct the occlusion. Results After 2-year follow-up, the patient with severe tooth wear appeared satisfied with the prosthetic treatment outcome. Conclusion Although treatment of severe tooth wear through occlusal reconstruction with fixed partial denture is a complicated procedure, therapeutic effects of such procedure is better.
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    Influence of improved triangular flap on postoperative complications after mandibular third molar removal and its clinical application
    Zhang Rui1, Zhang Lingge1, Li Xihong1, Li Rui2
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  153-156.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.007
    Abstract ( 1034 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF(pc) (1123KB) ( 688 )   Save
    Objective This study evaluated the effects of two different flap designs(improved triangular flap and traditional triangular flap) on mandibular third molar post-surgical complications, and to investigate the clinical application of the improved triangular flap. Methods A total of 110 patients were selected in our hospital between October 2015 and April 2016, and were randomly divided into two groups(improved triangular flap group and traditional triangular flap group). Data of postoperative swelling, pain and trismus were recorded 2 and 7 days after surgery, and compared between the two groups. Results There were less severe facial swelling(Z=-3.432, P<0.05) and trismus(t=19.188, P<0.05) in improved triangular flap group after two days compared with that in the traditional triangular flap group. However, no significant differences were found in the two groups(P>0.05) after 7 days. There were no significant differences in postoperative pain after 2 and 7 days between two flap designs(P>0.05). Conclusion The improved triangular flap is more beneficial to the early recovery of patients after surgery and easier to master for surgeons.
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    Using fenestration and decompression technique to treat unicystic ameloblastoma and preserve the second molar
    Li Wenchao1, Ruan Ning1, Xu Jiang2
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  157-160.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.008
    Abstract ( 1115 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF(pc) (1577KB) ( 342 )   Save
    Objective To observe fenestration and decompression technique in the treatment of unicystic ameloblastoma while observing the efficacy of the method in preserving the mandibular second molar. Methods Unicystic ameloblastoma of six patients was treated using fenestration and decompression technique and tumor removal surgery while preserving the mandibular second molar. The patients were followed up for 1 to 5 years. Results Eight months after decompression, tumor shrinkage(61.62%), thickening of the lower edge of the mandible bone, and trabecular bone formation were assessed. Six months after tumor removal, jaw morphology recovered, and the features of the mandibular second molar were preserved. No recurrence of tumor was observed in the 1 to 5 years of follow up, and the mandibular second molar functioned well. Conclusion The fenestration and decompression technique along with tumor removal surgery to treat unicystic ameloblastoma not only reduces the disfigurement of the patient, but also preserves the function of jaw and teeth. Satisfactory clinical Results were achieved.
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    Self-efficacy intervention in orthodontic treatments
    Zheng Yanliang1, Zhang Zuoji2, Chen Jie3
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  161-164.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.009
    Abstract ( 873 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF(pc) (1091KB) ( 393 )   Save
    Objective This study investigated the effects of self-efficacy intervention on the psychological state of orthodontic patients and established a reasonable intervention model to enhance clinical effects. Methods One hundred and thirty-six patients were numbered according to the order of treatment: odd numbers were assigned to the intervention group(self-efficacy intervention group), and even numbers to the control group. General knowledge of orthodontics was explained to the control group. Beside the general knowledge of orthodontics, the intervention group was given self-efficacy intervention. The two groups were assessed using the self-rating anxiety scale(SAS), self-rating depression scale(SDS), general self-efficacy scale(GSES), and Wong-Baker faces pain scale throughout treatment. Results The scores of Wong-Baker faces pain scale in intervention group were lower in the control compared with the intervention group; and the difference was statistically significant after 2 months of intervention(P<0.05). A month after intervention, SAS, SDS, and GSES scores of the intervention and control groups were significantly different(P<0.05). A year after intervention, SAS, SDS, and GSES scores of the intervention and the control groups were significantly different(P<0.05). The satisfaction score in the intervention group is statistically higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Self-efficacy intervention can significantly reduce the morbidity of the mental health problem, improve the curative effect of orthodontics, enhance the patient compliance, and relieve pain in orthodontic patients.
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    Clinical study on using oral panoramic radiographs evaluate osteoporosis of menopausal women
    Liu Man1, Meng Yao2, He Yong1, Wei Ning3, Zhang Qiang3
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  165-169.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.010
    Abstract ( 798 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(pc) (1517KB) ( 384 )   Save
    Objective This study determined the correlation between relevant indexes of the oral panoramic radiographs and the whole body bone mineral density(BMD). Methods One hundred menopausal women were selected according to the inclusion criteria. The whole body BMD were measured, at the same time as dental panoramic radiographs were taken. Mandibular relevant BMD, panoramic mandibular index(PMI), and mandible resorption index(MRI) were measured on the panoramics. The measured data were used for the statistical correlation analysis. Results Their mandibular relevant BMD and PMI correlate with all indices measured for their whole body BMD. MRI and lumbar spine BMD are correlated, but not with other systemic BMD. PMI correlates with the mandibular relevant BMD and MRI, but the mandibular relevant BMD does not correlate with MRI. PMI is more correlated with lumbar spine BMD than the mandibular relevant BMD and MRI. ConclusionThe menopausal women mandibular BMD were closely related to their body BMD. The PMI was the most correlated with the lumbar spine BMD in the three indices of the mandibular BMD. PMI can be used as one of the sensitive indicators for screening menopause osteoporosis.
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    Forensic identification through digital imaging of the palatal rugae
    Li Bing1, Wu Xiuping1, Han Jianning2, Pan Fei1, Wang Yujin3
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  170-174.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.011
    Abstract ( 597 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(pc) (2465KB) ( 280 )   Save
    Objective To investigate the feasibility of forensic identification through digital imaging of the palatal rugae. Methods Digital images of the palatal rugae under a particular environment were collected. Rugae Image Identification System was used for collection, noise reduction, augmentation, segmentation, feature extraction, edge detection, and information matching, with each procedure having a corresponding algorithm. After Matlab processing, the matching achievement ratio and matching time of palatal rugae images were recorded. Results Three dentists obtained 100% accurate Results, one case and two cases were not matched respectively by the other two evaluators. Dentists completed computer processing of the images in the shortest time. Conclusion A more rapid and accurate method for forensic identification was successfully achieved through digital imaging of the palatal rugae. The study proposes a new method for forensic identification.
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    The inhibition of the organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt treated pure titanium to the Candida albicans
    Wang Nan, Lian Yunmin,Gao Lan,Ma Xuemin
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  175-178.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.012
    Abstract ( 855 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(pc) (1230KB) ( 295 )   Save
    Objective This study investigated the in vitro antimicrobial ability of pure titanium when pre-soaked with organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt. Methods The pure titanium specimens were randomly divided into six groups, five of which were soaked with different concentrations of organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt solution at 1%, 5%, 10%, 30%, and 60%, while one was treated with distilled water as a control. Each group was further divided into four different treatment times(30, 60, 120, and 240 min). The turbidimetric method was used to analyze the effect of organic silicon to the growth of Candida albicans on the pure titanium. The experimental groups were subjected to 0, 2 500, 5 000, and 10 000 cycles of hot and cold experiments and exposure to bacterial culture. The long-term antimicrobial properties of the treated titanium was calculated through a hot and cold cycle experiment. Results Different concentrations significantly affect the growth ofCandida albicans, but the processing time does not. There is an interaction between concentration and processing time. Titanium soaked with 1% organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt is potentially antibacterial, and its antibacterial effect reaches a maximum upon 120 min soaking. After 5 000 cycles hot and cold experiments, the pure titanium retained its antibacterial property; however, the antibacterial activity was lost after 10 000 cycles. Conclusion After soaking with the organosilicon quaternary ammo-nium salt solution, the pure titanium can maintain its long-acting antibacterial properties.
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    Effect of fluid shear stress on osteogenic gene expression in human adipose-derived stromal cells
    Cui Jun, Cui Guanghui, Jia Li, Jin Long, Fang Zhen.
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  179-182.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.013
    Abstract ( 564 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(pc) (1276KB) ( 251 )   Save
    Objective This study aimed to investigate the influence of fluid shear stress(FSS) on osteogenic genes, code for steocalcin(OCN), Osterix(Osx), and core binding factor(Cbf) a1/Runt-related transcription factor(Runx)2, in human adipose-derived stromal cells(ADSCs). Methods Human ADSCs were cultured and proliferated in vitro by common culture(groups A1 and A2) and inducing culture(groups A3 and A4). These groups were then subjected to a FSS of 0.3 Pa(groups A1 and A3), whereas the group without FSS were used as control(groups A2 and A4). After adding FSS, the gene expression levels of OCN, Osx, and Cbfa1/Runx2 were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results The gene expression levels of OCN, Osx, and Cbfa1/Runx2 in groups A3 and A4 were enhanced after applying FSS. However, the gene expression levels were undetectable in groups A1 and A2. Therefore, osteogenic gene expression in human ADSCs is not present in common culture conditions even after the application of FSS. Conclusion In inducing culture condition, FSS can enhance the expression levels of the osteogenic genes OCN, Osx, and Cbfa1/Runx2 in human ADSCs and promote the differentiation of osteoblasts, which can be used as seed cells for bone tissue engineering.
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    Effect of insulin on bone metabolism around implant in diabetic rats
    Wu Yingying, Gong Ping.
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  183-188.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.014
    Abstract ( 559 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(pc) (2810KB) ( 377 )   Save
    Objective We studied the bone metabolism and implant bone contact in diabetic subjects treated with insulin. Methods Diabetic rat models were established and implanted with titanium implants and insulin treatment. The osteoblasts were cultured in high glucose amounts and treated with insulin. Results Diabetes decreased bone formation and mineralization around the rat implants, which were improved by insulin treatment. However, the implant-bone contact in insulin-treated diabetic rats remained less than those in normal rats. Moreover, insulin treatment increased the insulin receptor expression in osteoblasts that have been cultured in high glucose amounts. Conclusion Our Results indicated the role of insulin in osteoblast function in diabetic rats probably through insulin signaling; moreover, insulin mediates bone metabolism and improves bone formation and mineralization in hyperglycemic conditions.
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    Reviews
    Mechanical properties and shaping ability of R-phase heat treatment nickel-titanium instruments
    Yang Yinjie1, Hou Benxiang1, Hou Xiaomei2
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  189-194.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.015
    Abstract ( 829 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF(pc) (1180KB) ( 548 )   Save
    Nickel-titanium rotary instrument has been widely used in endodontic practice. Recently, R-phase heat treatment technique has been used in the manufacture of files to improve its mechanical properties. This article provides a review on manufacturing process, bending property, cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional resistance, and shaping ability of R-phase nickel-titanium instruments.
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    A review on the role of Veillonella in caries and its interaction with Streptococcus
    Wang Yuxia, Zhou Xuedong, Li Mingyun.
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  195-199.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.016
    Abstract ( 1051 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF(pc) (1173KB) ( 532 )   Save
    The genus Veillonella is a member of the normal oral flora and is highly abundant in the human oral cavity. Veillonella utilizes lactate, which ameliorates the caries process. However, Resultsof in vitro studies and rat model systems are ambiguous. With the development of human oral microbiome research, several studies reported that the frequency of Veillonella in caries-activated individuals is higher than that in caries-free ones, and the distribution of Veillonella is highly related to some cariogenic Streptococcus species. Veillonella facilitates the action of some cariogenic Streptococcus species, such as Streptococcus mutans in caries development. These findings create new focus on the genus Veillonella as a factor relating to caries. This paper provides a review on the distribution of Veillonella in human oral cavity, the relationship between Veillonella and caries, and the relationship between Veillonella and Streptococcus species related to caries.
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    Clinical parameters and risk factors of pregnancy gingivitis
    Wu Xinyu1, Cai Qiaoyi1, Zhou Yikun1, Zou Yong2
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  200-203.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.017
    Abstract ( 991 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF(pc) (1132KB) ( 404 )   Save
    Gingivitis can increase the risk of adverse pregnancy, which leads to premature delivery, abortion, and low newborn bodyweight. During pregnancy, gingival index and periodontal pocket depth increase, whereas bleeding on probing doesnot show asignificant increase. The change of clinical attachment loss has not been clear. Plaque index shows less fluctuation and keeps at a low level during pregnancy and after delivery. The plasma concentration of the sex hormone in pregnant women is 10 times as much as that of non-pregnant women. The high plasma concentration of the sex hormone can increase the production of inflammation mediators, such as dinoprostone and interleukin(IL)-6, which increase the degree of inflammatory response. The treatment of pregnancy gingivitis faces more challenges than ordinary gingivitis because of a special systematic condition. Precautions include promoting oral hygiene and instructing pregnant women to keep good oral health to reduce the incidence rate. Clinicians can be provided with references on how to relieve and eliminate gingivitis symptoms and guarantee pregnant women and their baby’s health by exploring the occurrence and development of pregnancy gingivitis.
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    Advances in periodontal regeneration with periodontal ligament cell sheet technique
    Jiang Yuxi1, 2, Liu Shutai1, 2
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  204-208.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.018
    Abstract ( 798 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF(pc) (1143KB) ( 544 )   Save
    Achieving complete periodontal tissue regeneration that arises from periodontitis show some difficulties. The principles of guided tissue regeneration indicate that cell sheet engineering aims to achieve the regeneration of periodontal ligament embedded in new cementum and new alveolar bone by several novel cell-transferring Methods. For example, UpCell culture dish can control cell-surface adhesion and utilize temperature change in cell culture and a surface-grafted temperature-sensitive polymer named poly N-isopropylacylamide. Cell sheets have been harvested from temperature-sensitive culture surfaces non-invasively and overlaid as multilayered constructs. Cell sheet technique has improved in recent years and has overcome many obstacles, such as the inadequate thickness of monolayer cell sheet, the insufficient vascularization, and the lack of autologous cell sources. Owing to the high metabolic turnover rates of the periodontal ligament, many researchers have considered periodontal ligament cells as one of the most suitable candidate cell sources for regeneration. A clinical study of periodontal regeneration with autologous periodontal ligament cell sheet has been recently performed on humans in Japan. This article reviews the recent advances of techniques in periodontal ligament cell sheet engineering and its application in periodontal regeneration.
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    Research progress on finite element method in post-core-crown restoration
    Cao Guoqing1, Wang Linxia2, Du Liping1
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  209-213.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.019
    Abstract ( 664 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF(pc) (1139KB) ( 378 )   Save
    As a new and non-invasive method for oral biomechanical research, finite element method is an effective tool for dental researchers. As developments in materials and technologies increase, post-and-core restoration has become a common approach for tooth conservation in treating massive dental destruction. However,Results for stress distribution of post-and-core restoration under functional states remain controversial. This article is a brief review of some applications of finite element method in studying post-core-crown restoration, as well as a discussion of the related factors that affect outcomes.
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    Influence of plasma treatment on the bonding property of dental restorative materials
    Li Hongting1, Liu Tianshuang2
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  214-217.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.020
    Abstract ( 728 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(pc) (1137KB) ( 303 )   Save
    Strong adhesions between dental materials and between prostheses and tooth structures are key to successful clinical restorations. Plasma, which is produced by partial or complete ionization of gas under high energy, is a safe gas cloud with high efficiency, low energy consumption, and without secondary pollution. Plasma can change the surface structure of polymers and form an inert surface-protective layer that improves material wetting, biocompatibility, and durability. Moreover, surface treatment with plasma can increase the adhesive strength between various substrates and acrylic resin bases, fiber-reinforced complex materials, glass-ceramic materials, polycrystalline ceramics, and composite resin. This research investigates plasma bonding of dental materials to provide theoretical bases for wide plasma applications in dental clinics.
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    Progress of rapid maxillary expansion for managing pediatric obstructive apnea sleep syndrome
    Huang Zhenxian1, Wang Qiaojing2
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  218-221.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.021
    Abstract ( 852 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(pc) (1138KB) ( 824 )   Save
    Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) is a common chronic disorder in children and adolescents, dramatically affecting systemic health and development. A small maxilla may cause sleep-disordered breathing in children. Rapid maxillary expansion(RME) is widely used by orthodontists to increase the maxillary transverse dimensions of young patients. Recent studies suggested that RME can effectively manage pediatric snoring and significantly improve OSAS. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of orthopedic RME in treating pediatric OSAS.
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    Prospects on the treatment of mandibular condylar fractures in children
    Zhu Zheng, Shi Jun.
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  222-227.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.022
    Abstract ( 1403 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF(pc) (1209KB) ( 628 )   Save
    Condylar fractures, which are among the most common types of fracture, comprise 40%~67% of mandibular fractures in children. The treatment of condylar fractures in children has always been shrouded with controversy, and consensus on standard treatment of such fracture is yet to be achieved. The treatment of condylar fractures generally consists of closed and open reduction. Considering the characteristics of condylar fracture in children, the therapeutic outcome will affect the growth of the mandible and maxillofacial region. In addition, experts argue over the complications, such as bone disorders and ankylosis of temporomandibular joint, caused by treatment. This paper reviews the characteristics, classification, and development of treatment of condylar fractures in children based on published literature. This paper can be a reference to help surgeons in the clinical treatment of condylar fractures in children.
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    Research progress on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw
    Su Cheng, Wang Zekun, Luo Nanyu, Tang Hua.
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  228-234.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.023
    Abstract ( 1046 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF(pc) (1224KB) ( 520 )   Save
    Given the use of anti-resorptive and antiangiogenic drugs, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has gained wide attention as a severe side effect. MRONJ is a multifactorial disease with a number of risk factors. The population incidence of BRONJ is approximately 1×10-5 per year. Many hypotheses are proposed to explain the mechanism. Bisphosphonates and denosumab inhibit osteoclast differentiation and function and increase apoptosis, which lead to decreased bone resorption and remodeling. Bisphosphonates reduce the blood supply to the jaw area and has immuno-suppressive effects. Oral local flora can also aggravate the damage of tissues and reduce angiogenesis. The direct effect of bisphosphonates on oral mucosa cells and the anatomy of the jaw have a role on the development of osteonecrosis. According to sickness status, treatment Methods are different but are focused on reducing pain, treating soft and hard tissue infections, and delaying or stopping the process of osteonecrosis. This article reviewed the risk factors, relevant mechanisms, and prevention and treatment strategies.
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    Research progress on activin receptor-like kinase 2 and its function in craniofacial development
    Zhang Xue1, Xu Zhaonan1, Liu Qilin1, Li Chao2, Sun Hongchen1
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  235-238.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.024
    Abstract ( 614 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(pc) (1169KB) ( 288 )   Save
    Activin receptor-like kinase(ALK)2 in human is located in 2q23-24, the intron is as long as 0.5-6.5 kb, and 3’ untranslated region has important function in regulating ALK2. ALK2 is conservatively consisted with extracellular domain, transmembrane domain, and intracellular domain which contains serine/threonine. ALK2, a member of bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) recepters can transduce cell signal which can be divided into canonical and non-canonical Smad signaling pathway. The ALK2-mediated canonical Smad signal has important function in regulating bone, cartilage, and tooth. ALK2 protein can be seen in various organs, including bone, cartilage, tooth, heart. ALK2 promotes bone formation in the early development stage of skull and inhibits bone formation in the maturation stage of development. It is known that mutant of ALK2 leads to ectopic bone formation which helps us understand the function of ALK2 in physical and pathological conditions.
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    Primary Sjögren’s syndrome and helper T cells and their cytokines
    Du Shiwen, Yu Chuangqi, Shi Huan.
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  239-243.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.025
    Abstract ( 1314 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF(pc) (1798KB) ( 510 )   Save
    Sjögren syndrome(SS) is an autoimmune disease that always involves the lacrimal gland and salivary gland exocrine glands, divided into primary SS(pSS) and secondary SS(sSS). Unlike T helper(Th) cells(Th1 and Th2 cells) imbalance, Th17 cell and Treg cell immune imbalance may have an impact on the occurrence and development of pSS. Th cell secretes interleukin(IL)-6, IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23 and may play an important role in the development of the pSS and the inflammation-mediated in vivo SS glandulous. The study of Th17 cell and its secretion of cytokines can provide powerful and critical evidence for the treatment of pSS in the future.
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    Research progress on the pathogenesis of ectodermal dysplasia syndrome
    Li Sijie1, Xiao Xue2, Zhao Wei1
    Inter J Stomatol. 2017, 44 (2):  244-248.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2017.02.026
    Abstract ( 559 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF(pc) (1151KB) ( 396 )   Save
    Ectodermal dysplasia(ED) syndrome is a group of inherited disorders that share primary defects in ectodermal tissue development. ED is characterized by abnormal development of hair, nails, sweat glands, and teeth. ED is caused by certain chromosomal mutations, and to date, more than 200 causative mutations have been reported. The genes that encode proteins with different functions are located in different chromosomes or positions. Each syndrome involves a different combination of symptoms and is unique because of its heterozygous mutation pattern. This paper describes and discusses the pathogenesis and therapeutic prospects of this hereditary disorder to improve the clinical knowledge of the molecular basis of ED and proceed with genetic treatments in ED patients.
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