Int J Stomatol

Int J Stomatol ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 263-271.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2023024

• Guideline interpret • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Interpretation of the 2022 classification of head and neck tumors by the World Health Organization: odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumors

Zhang Chaoying1(),Li Yining2,Gong Jiaxing3,Wang Huiming3,4()   

  1. 1.Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
    2.Dept. of Pathology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
    3.Dept. of Implantology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
    4.Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
  • Received:2022-06-09 Revised:2022-12-02 Online:2023-05-01 Published:2023-05-16
  • Contact: Huiming Wang E-mail:chaoying_zhang@zju.edu.cn;whmwhm@zju.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872752);the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020TQ0257);the Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission(2017KY448)

RichHTML

182

PDF (PC)

829

Abstract:

The classification of head and neck tumors published by the World Health Organization is an autho-ritative reference for oral and maxillofacial surgeons and oral pathologists. With the rapid development of molecular biology and the corresponding advancements in diagnosis and treatment technologies in recent years, new changes have emerged in the significant odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumors of the 5th edition published in 2022. This article mainly illustrates three aspects of new tumor classification, new disease types, and new genetic and molecular changes in the latest edition compared with the 2017 4th edition for assisting in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Key words: odontogenic tumors, maxillofacial bone tumors, classification of tumors, World Health Organization

CLC Number: 

  • R 739.8

TrendMD: 

Tab 1

New changes in odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumors in the classification of the 2017 and 2022 editions of the head and neck tumors by WHO"

2017年第4版分类[5]2022年第5版分类[4]解读
牙源性炎症性囊肿（odontogenic cysts of inflammatory origin）颌骨囊肿（cysts of the jaws）2022版取消牙源性炎症性、发育性囊肿的分类
根尖囊肿（radicular cyst）根尖囊肿（radicular cyst）
炎症性根侧囊肿（inflammatory collateral cysts）炎症性根侧囊肿（inflammatory collateral cysts）
牙源性和非牙源性发育性囊肿（odontogenic and non-odontogenic developmental cysts）外科纤毛囊肿（surgical ciliated cyst）2022版新增外科纤毛囊肿
含牙囊肿（dentigerous cyst）鼻腭管囊肿（nasopalatine duct cyst）
牙源性角化囊肿（odontogenic keratocyst）龈囊肿（gingival cysts）
根侧牙周囊肿和葡萄状牙源性囊肿（lateral perio-dontal cyst and botryoid odontogenic cyst）含牙囊肿（dentigerous cyst）
龈囊肿（gingival cysts）牙源性正角化囊肿（orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst）
腺牙源性囊肿（glandular odontogenic cyst）根侧牙周囊肿和葡萄状牙源性囊肿（lateral perio-dontal cyst and botryoid odontogenic cyst）
牙源性钙化囊肿（calcifying odontogenic cyst）牙源性钙化囊肿（calcifying odontogenic cyst）
牙源性正角化囊肿（orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst）腺牙源性囊肿（glandular odontogenic cyst）
鼻腭管囊肿（nasopalatine duct cyst）牙源性角化囊肿（odontogenic keratocyst）
牙源性肿瘤（odontogenic tumours）
良性牙源性上皮性肿瘤（benign epithelial odontogenic tumours）良性牙源性上皮性肿瘤（benign epithelial odontogenic tumours）

成釉细胞瘤（ameloblastoma）

单囊型成釉细胞瘤（ameloblastoma，unicystic type）

骨外或外周型成釉细胞瘤（ameloblastoma，extraosseous/peripheral type）

转移性成釉细胞瘤（metastasizing ameloblastoma）

单囊型成釉细胞瘤（ameloblastoma, unicystic）

骨外或外周型成釉细胞瘤（ameloblastoma，extraosseous/peripheral）

传统的实性或多囊型成釉细胞瘤（ameloblastoma, conventional）

腺样成釉细胞瘤（adenoid ameloblastoma）

转移性成釉细胞瘤（metastasizing ameloblasto-ma）

2022版将单囊型成釉细胞瘤、骨外或外周型成釉细胞瘤、传统的实性或多囊型成釉细胞瘤、转移性成釉细胞瘤单独分类；

2022版新增腺样成釉细胞瘤且单独分类

牙源性鳞状细胞瘤（squamous odontogenic tumour）牙源性鳞状细胞瘤（squamous odontogenic tumour）
牙源性钙化上皮瘤（calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour）牙源性钙化上皮瘤（calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour）
牙源性腺样瘤（adenomatoid odontogenic tumour）牙源性腺样瘤（adenomatoid odontogenic tumour）
良性牙源性上皮和牙源性间叶肿瘤（benign mixed epithelial and mesenchymal odontogenic tumours）

良性牙源性上皮和牙源性间叶肿瘤（benign mixed

epithelial & mesenchymal odontogenic tumours）

成釉细胞纤维瘤（ameloblastic fibroma）牙瘤（odontoma）
牙源性始基瘤（primordial odontogenic tumour）牙源性始基瘤（primordial odontogenic tumour）
牙瘤（odontoma）成釉细胞纤维瘤（ameloblastic fibroma）
牙本质生成性影细胞瘤（dentinogenic ghost cell tumour）牙本质生成性影细胞瘤（dentinogenic ghost cell tumour）
良性间叶性牙源性肿瘤（benign mesenchymal odontogenic tumours）良性间叶性牙源性肿瘤（benign mesenchymal odo-ntogenic tumours）
牙源性纤维瘤（odontogenic fibroma）牙源性纤维瘤（odontogenic fibroma）
牙源性黏液瘤/黏液纤维瘤（odontogenic myxoma/myxofibroma）成牙骨质细胞瘤（cementoblastoma
成牙骨质细胞瘤（cementoblastoma）牙骨质-骨化纤维瘤（cemento-ossifying fibroma）
牙骨质-骨化纤维瘤（cemento-ossifying fibroma）牙源性黏液瘤（odontogenic myxoma）
牙源性癌（odontogenic carcinomas）恶性牙源性肿瘤（malignant odontogenic tumours）2022版将牙源性癌分类名改为恶性牙源性肿瘤
成釉细胞癌（ameloblastic carcinoma）牙源性硬化性癌（sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma）
原发性骨内癌，NOS（primary intraosseous carcinoma，NOS）成釉细胞癌（ameloblastic carcinoma）
牙源性硬化性癌（sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma）牙源性透明细胞癌（clear cell odontogenic carcinoma）
牙源性透明细胞癌（clear cell odontogenic carcinoma）牙源性影细胞癌（ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma）
牙源性影细胞癌（ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma）原发性骨内癌，NOS（primary intraosseous carcinoma，NOS）
牙源性癌肉瘤（odontogenic carcinosarcoma）牙源性癌肉瘤（odontogenic carcinosarcoma）
牙源性肉瘤（odontogenic sarcomas）牙源性肉瘤（odontogenic sarcomas）2022版牙源性肉瘤归为恶性牙源性肿瘤，包括成釉细胞纤维肉瘤、成釉细胞纤维牙本质肉瘤、成釉细胞纤维牙肉瘤
巨细胞病变和单纯性骨囊肿（giant cell lesions and simple bone cyst）巨细胞病变和单纯性骨囊肿（giant cell lesions and simple bone cyst）
中央性巨细胞肉芽肿（central giant cell granuloma）中央性巨细胞肉芽肿（central giant cell granuloma）
外周性巨细胞肉芽肿（peripheral giant cell granuloma）外周性巨细胞肉芽肿（peripheral giant cell granuloma）
巨颌症（cherubism）巨颌症（cherubism）
动脉瘤样骨囊肿（aneurysmal bone cyst）动脉瘤样骨囊肿（aneurysmal bone cyst）
单纯性骨囊肿（simple bone cyst）单纯性骨囊肿（simple bone cyst）
骨和软骨肿瘤（Bone and cartilage tumours）2022版新分出骨和软骨肿瘤大类，涵盖了之前的纤维骨和骨软骨瘤病变、良性颌面骨和软骨肿瘤、恶性颌面骨和软骨肿瘤类别
纤维骨和骨软骨瘤病变（fibro-osseous and osteochondromatous lesions）纤维骨肿瘤和结构不良（fibro-osseous tumours and dysplasias）2022版更名为纤维骨肿瘤和结构不良，突出了结构不良
骨化性纤维瘤（ossifying fibroma）牙骨质-骨结构不良（cemento-osseous dysplasia）
家族性巨大牙骨质瘤（familial gigantiform cementoma）节段性牙上颌骨发育异常（segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia）2022版新增节段性牙上颌骨发育异常
纤维结构不良（fibrous dysplasia）纤维结构不良（fibrous dysplasia）
牙骨质-骨结构不良（cemento-osseous dysplasia）青少年小梁状骨化纤维瘤（juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma）2022版青少年小梁状骨化纤维瘤从骨化性纤维瘤中分出，定位至亚型
骨软骨瘤（osteochondroma）沙瘤样骨化纤维瘤（psammomatoid ossifying fibroma）2022版沙瘤样骨化纤维瘤从青少年骨化性纤维瘤亚型（青少年沙瘤样骨化纤维瘤）中分出，并删去“青少年”的前称
家族性巨大牙骨质瘤（familial gigantiform cementoma）
良性颌面骨和软骨肿瘤（benign maxillofacial bone and cartilage tumours）良性颌面骨和软骨肿瘤（benign maxillofacial bone and cartilage tumours）
软骨瘤（chondroma）骨瘤（osteoma）
骨瘤（osteoma）骨软骨瘤（osteochondroma）
婴儿色素性神经外胚层肿瘤（melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy）骨母细胞瘤（osteoblastoma）2022版删除婴儿色素性神经外胚层肿瘤
软骨母细胞瘤（chondroblastoma）软骨母细胞瘤（chondroblastoma）
软骨黏液样纤维瘤（chondromyxoid fibroma）软骨黏液样纤维瘤（chondromyxoid fibroma）
骨样骨瘤（osteoid osteoma）骨的促结缔组织增生性纤维瘤（desmoplastic fibroma of bone）
骨母细胞瘤（osteoblastoma）
促结缔组织性纤维瘤（desmoplastic fibroma）
恶性颌面骨和软骨肿瘤（malignant maxillofacial bone and cartilage tumours）恶性颌面骨和软骨肿瘤（malignant maxillofacial bone and cartilage tumours）2022版恶性颌面骨和软骨肿瘤分类重组
软骨肉瘤（chondrosarcoma）颌骨骨肉瘤（osteosarcoma of the jaw）
间叶软骨肉瘤（mesenchymal chondrosarcoma）软骨肉瘤家族（chondrosarcoma family）2022版软骨肉瘤家族包括Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级
骨肉瘤（osteosarcoma）间叶软骨肉瘤（mesenchymal chondrosarcoma）
血淋巴肿瘤（haematolymphoid tumours）横纹肌肉瘤伴转录因子CP2重排[rhabdomyosarcoma with transcription factor CP2 (TFCP2) rearrangement]2022版新增横纹肌肉瘤伴转录因子CP2重排
骨孤立性浆细胞瘤（solitary plasmacytoma of bone）2022版删除骨孤立性浆细胞瘤
1 Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2021, 71(3): 209-249.
2 Cree IA, Indave Ruiz BI, Zavadil J, et al. The international collaboration for cancer classification and research[J]. Int J Cancer, 2021, 148(3): 560-571.
3 Bianco BCF, Sperandio FF, Hanemann JAC, et al. New WHO odontogenic tumor classification: impact on prevalence in a population[J]. J Appl Oral Sci, 2020, 28: e20190067.
4 WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Head and neck tumours (5th ed)//WHO classification of tumours[EB/OL]. [2022-05-01]. .
5 El-Naggar AK, John KC, Grandis JR, et al. WHO classification of head and neck tumours[M]. 4th ed. Lyon (France): IARC, 2017: 204-260.
6 Kammer PV, Mello FW, Rivero ERC. Comparative analysis between developmental and inflammatory odontogenic cysts: retrospective study and literature review[J]. Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2020, 24(1): 73-84.
7 Jing W, Xuan M, Lin Y, et al. Odontogenic tumours: a retrospective study of 1 642 cases in a Chinese population[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2007, 36(1): 20-25.
8 Siriwardena BSMS, Crane H, O’Neill N, et al. Odontogenic tumors and lesions treated in a single specialist oral and maxillofacial pathology unit in the United Kingdom in 1992-2016[J]. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 2019, 127(2): 151-166.
9 Li CC, Feinerman DM, MacCarthy KD, et al. Rare mandibular surgical ciliated cysts: report of two new cases[J]. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2014, 72(9): 1736-1743.
10 Gregory GT, Shafer WG. Surgical ciliated cysts of the maxilla: report of cases[J]. J Oral Surg (Chic), 1958, 16(3): 251-253.
11 Sugar AW, Walker DM, Bounds GA. Surgical cilia-ted (postoperative maxillary) cysts following mid-face osteotomies[J]. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 1990, 28(4): 264-267.
12 Yamamoto S, Maeda K, Kouchi I, et al. Surgical ci-liated cyst following maxillary sinus floor augmentation: a case report[J]. J Oral Implantol, 2017, 43(5): 360-364.
13 Lafuente-Ibáñez de Mendoza I, Fernández-Reyes M, Fernández-Arenas A, et al. Surgical ciliated cyst after a mandibular surgery: a particular case report and review of the literature[J]. BMC Oral Health, 2021, 21(1): 633.
14 Thompson LDR, Bishop JA. Update from the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of head and neck tumors: nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and skull base[J]. Head Neck Pathol, 2022, 16(1): 1-18.
15 Loyola AM, Cardoso SV, de Faria PR, et al. Adenoid ameloblastoma: clinicopathologic description of five cases and systematic review of the current knowledge[J]. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 2015, 120(3): 368-377.
16 Pandiar D, Ramani P, Shameena PM, et al. Adenoid ameloblastoma: a neglected variant of ameloblastoma or a separate entity[J]. Oral Oncol, 2022, 125: 105681.
17 Jayasooriya PR, WAMULAbeyasinghe, Liyanage RLPR, et al. Diagnostic enigma of adenoid ameloblastoma: literature review based evidence to consider it as a new sub type of ameloblastoma[J]. Head Neck Pathol, 2022, 16(2): 344-352.
18 Coura BP, Dos Santos JN, Fonseca FP, et al. Adenoid ameloblastoma with dentinoid is molecularly different from ameloblastomas and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors[J]. J Oral Pathol Med, 2021, 50(10): 1067-1071.
19 Danforth RA, Melrose RJ, Abrams AM, et al. Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia. Report of eight cases and comparison with hemimaxillofacial dysplasia[J]. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 1990, 70(1): 81-85.
20 Torchia D. Becker nevus syndrome: a 2020 update[J]. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2021, 85(2): e101-e103.
21 Smith MH, Cohen DM, Katz J, et al. Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia: an underrecognized entity[J]. J Am Dent Assoc, 2018, 149(2): 153-162.
22 Gibson TM, Rafferty K, Ryan E, et al. Segmental ipsilateral odontognathic dysplasia (mandibular involvement in segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia?) and identification of PIK3CA somatic variant in lesional mandibular gingival tissue[J]. Head Neck Pathol, 2021, 15(1): 368-373.
23 Keppler-Noreuil KM, Parker VE, Darling TN, et al. Somatic overgrowth disorders of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway & therapeutic strategies[J]. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet, 2016, 172(4): 402-421.
24 Polubothu S, Abdin D, Barysch M, et al. Dermatological signs lead to discovery of mosaic ACTB variants in segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia[J]. Br J Dermatol, 2020, 183(6): 1128-1130.
25 Skapek SX, Ferrari A, Gupta AA, et al. Rhabdomyosarcoma[J]. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2019, 5(1): 1.
26 Dankner M, Rose AAN, Rajkumar S, et al. Classif-ying BRAF alterations in cancer: new rational therapeutic strategies for actionable mutations[J]. Oncogene, 2018, 37(24): 3183-3199.
27 Kurppa KJ, Catón J, Morgan PR, et al. High frequency of BRAF V600E mutations in ameloblastoma[J]. J Pathol, 2014, 232(5): 492-498.
28 Kaye FJ, Ivey AM, Drane WE, et al. Clinical and radiographic response with combined BRAF-targeted therapy in stage 4 ameloblastoma[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2015, 107(1): 378.
29 Qi XF, Schmiege P, Coutavas E, et al. Two Patched molecules engage distinct sites on Hedgehog yiel-ding a signaling-competent complex[J]. Science, 2018, 362(6410): eaas8843.
30 Stojanov IJ, Schaefer IM, Menon RS, et al. Biallelic PTCH1 inactivation is a dominant genomic change in sporadic keratocystic odontogenic tumors[J]. Am J Surg Pathol, 2020, 44(4): 553-560.
31 Qu JF, Yu FY, Hong YY, et al. Underestimated PTCH1 mutation rate in sporadic keratocystic odontogenic tumors[J]. Oral Oncol, 2015, 51(1): 40-45.
32 Magic M, Zeljic K, Jovandic S, et al. Hedgehog signaling pathway and vitamin D receptor gene va-riants as potential risk factors in odontogenic cystic lesions[J]. Clin Oral Investig, 2019, 23(6): 2675-2684.
33 Fowler CB, Brannon RB, Kessler HP, et al. Glandular odontogenic cyst: analysis of 46 cases with special emphasis on microscopic criteria for diagnosis[J]. Head Neck Pathol, 2011, 5(4): 364-375.
34 Shimada Y, Katsube K, Kabasawa Y, et al. Integra-ted genotypic analysis of hedgehog-related genes identifies subgroups of keratocystic odontogenic tumor with distinct clinicopathological features[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(8): e70995.
35 Skálová A, Hyrcza MD, Leivo I. Update from the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of head and neck tumors: salivary glands[J]. Head and Neck Pathol, 2022, 16(1): 40-53.
36 Rodrigo JP, Hernandez-Prera JC, Randolph GW, et al. Parathyroid cancer: an update[J]. Cancer Treat Rev, 2020, 86: 102012.
37 Nazerani Hooshmand T, Pernthaler B, Szurian K, et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT in the hyperparathyroidism-jaw-tumor syndrome[J]. Clin Nucl Med, 2021, 46(6): 497-498.
38 du Preez H, Adams A, Richards P, et al. Hyperparathyroidism jaw tumour syndrome: a pictoral review[J]. Insights Imaging, 2016, 7(6): 793-800.
39 Bougeard G, Renaux-Petel M, Flaman JM, et al. Revisiting Li-Fraumeni syndrome from TP53 mutation carriers[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(21): 2345-2352.
40 Rodriguez KD, Schneider KW, Suttman A, et al. Pediatric head and neck tumors associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome[J]. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 2021: 34894211014786.
41 Kratz CP, Achatz MI, Brugières L, et al. Cancer screening recommendations for individuals with Li-Fraumeni syndrome[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2017, 23(11): e38-e45.
[1] Wu Jiamin,Xia Bin,Yang Hefeng,Xu Biao.. Research progress on cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2023, 50(6): 711-717.
[2] Liu Jianglong, Tuerdi Maimaitituxun. Progress of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis from oral squamous cell carcinoma [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2023, 50(5): 514-520.
[3] Sun Xiaoqian, Zhang Jun. Advances in the effects of mechanical environment on the biological behaviors and mechanism of head and neck cancer [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2023, 50(4): 414-418.
[4] Sheng Nanning,Wang Jue,Nan Xinrong. Research progress on mechanism and treatment of sex-determining region Y box 9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2023, 50(3): 314-320.
[5] Chen Xiaoli,Zhang Fan,Liu Chengcheng. Application progress on photobiomodulation in the prevention and treatment of oral complications after radiothe-rapy [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2022, 49(6): 707-716.
[6] Zhao Zhuoping,Xin Pengfei,Gao Yang,Zhang Caifeng,Zhang Kuanshou,Liu Qingmei. Research progress on the use of photothermal therapy to treat oral squamous cell carcinoma [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2022, 49(4): 462-470.
[7] Zhai Xiaojing,Cao Shi,Xin Wenlong,Cao Shan,Zhang Hao. Pleomorphic adenoma with extensive keratin cysts: a case report [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2022, 49(3): 328-331.
[8] Chang Zheng1, Gao Pan1, Xuan Ming1, Wang Xiaoyi1, Ma Xiangrui1, Li Kui2. A case report on neurilemmoma of the mandible [J]. Inter J Stomatol, 2016, 43(5): 504-506.
[9] Chen Guanhui, Hou Jinsong. Hypoxia and autophagy and their correlation with tumorigenesis and development [J]. Inter J Stomatol, 2016, 43(5): 584-588.
[10] Tu Minsong1, Li Yisong2, Dai Xiaoming2. Research progress on the association between DNA methylation and oral squamous cell carcinoma [J]. Inter J Stomatol, 2016, 43(1): 79-.
[11] Shao Xiaojun, Xi Qing. . Betel-quid chewing and its relationship with oral cancer [J]. Inter J Stomatol, 2015, 42(6): 668-672.
[12] Li Chunjie, Li Bo, Li Longjiang, Shi Zongdao. Advances in the patterns and pathways of bone invasion by oral cancers [J]. Inter J Stomatol, 2015, 42(1): 59-62.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(06): .
[2] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(05): .
[3] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(05): .
[4] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(05): .
[5] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(05): .
[6] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(04): .
[7] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 2005, 32(06): 458 -460 .
[8] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 2005, 32(06): 452 -454 .
[9] . [J]. Inter J Stomatol, 2008, 35(S1): .
[10] . [J]. Inter J Stomatol, 2008, 35(S1): .