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01 September 2012, Volume 39 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Therapy ideas for oral lichen planus of different variants Zhou Hongmei, Liu Chuanxia. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  561-564.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.001 Abstract ( 842 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF（pc） (324KB) ( 1805 )   Save The variants of oral lichen planus are complex. A single treatment program is difficult to relieve all types of oral lichen planus effectively. In this paper, oral lichen planus will be classified into several subtypes in details, and various therapy ideas and approaches will be introduced. Related Articles | Metrics

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Destructive analysis on porcelain laminate veneers of different designs Liu Tianshuang1, Fan Cheng2, Li Zhenchun3, Chen Xiaodong3. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  565-567.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.002 Abstract ( 913 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF（pc） (337KB) ( 1316 )   Save Objective To study the destructive process of porcelain laminate veneers of different designs by using real fracture process analysis（RFPA） software. Methods The labial-lingual sections of upper central incisor were modeled by using RFPA. The destructive processes of twelve porcelain veneer models with four different designs: I type, L type, U type and veneer crown type, were analyzed by RFPA. Results Breakage of cement layer appeared in the first instance under edge to edge load. I type and L type design showed breakage location was at the incisal edge between the veneer and the abutment. U type and veneer crown type design showed breakage location was at the lingual edge between the veneer and the abutment or shoulder edge. Model of L type design supported lower load than the others. Conclusion Choosing high strength cement would raise the strength of veneer-tooth complex. Model of L type design supported lower load than the others at edge to edge conclusion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dental caries prevalence and risk factors among 12-year-old children in Sichuan Liu Jianzhong, Yin Wei, Li Xue, Zhong Yisi, Wang Yachong, Mao Chuanxia. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  568-571.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.003 Abstract ( 835 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (146KB) ( 792 )   Save Objective To investigate the oral health status among 12-year-old children in Sichuan province and monitor the tendency of dental caries. Methods A stratified multistage random sampling design was applied and a total of 768 12-year-old children were selected from 3 urban sampling spots and 3 rural sampling spots. All examinees answered an oral health knowledge questionnaire and were examined by experienced dentists. Results The prevalence rate of caries of this group of 12-year-old children in Sichuan Province was 42.18%, its mean DMFT was 0.94±1.44. Urban children showed higher prevalence rate and DMFT than the children in countryside did（P<0.05）. Percent of filled teeth was only 8.10%. Percnet of children having daily consumption of carbonated drinks, desserts and candy equal or more than once daily was separately 97.01%, 88.8%, 88.28%. Children taking sweets before sleep accounted for 75.52%; 40.0% of the children brush their teeth twice or more than twice daily, 21.6% of the children is using fluoride toothpaste; only 13.80% of the children agree that fluoride toothpaste is good for teeth. Conclusion This group of 12-year-old children in Sichuan Province has a high rate of caries teeth and the treatment rate is low. Due to high caries-risk factor including being lack of oral health knowledge and poor oral health habit, long-term monitoring and strengthened protection should be part of work in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy and safety of thalidomide treatment for acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related recurrent aphthous ulcer: A systematic review Zhu Lili1, Zeng Xin1, Li Chunjie1, Tan Dan1, Chen Qianming1, Wang Zhi2. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  572-574.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.004 Abstract ( 971 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (118KB) ( 740 )   Save [Abstract] Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome（AIDS）-related recurrent aphthous ulcer（RAU）. Methods After identifying the study question of the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in patients with AIDS-related RAU, we searched Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI, VIP till September 2011. Risk of bias assessment with Cochrane Collaboration’s tool, and data extraction of included studies were conducted by two reviewers in duplicate. The software RevMan 5.0 was used for analysis. Results Two randomized controlled trials were included. Meta-analysis showed: The rate of complete healing of ulcers in thalidomide group was significantly higher than the placebo group, and the difference was statistically significant; In adverse reactions, the incidence of rash and somnolence in thalidomide group was higher than the placebo group, but there was no difference of peripheral sensory neuropathy in both groups. Conclusion Thalidomide treatment of AIDS-related RAU was superior to placebo, in the meantime increased the incidence of adverse reactions. Further high-quality and large-scale as well as multicenter randomized controlled trials are still needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in patients with AIDS-related RAU. Related Articles | Metrics

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A systematic review of post and core restoration of endodontically treated teeth Li Xiandan, Mai Qingqing, Zhang Xinchun, Ling Junqi, Zhao Ke Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  575-578.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.005 Abstract ( 828 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF（pc） (139KB) ( 792 )   Save Objective The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of different post and core techniques on restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Methods The literature search was complemented by manual searching. Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled clinical trails about the failure of different post and core restorations in treatment of endodontically treated teeth were collected. The quality of the included studies was assessed. Results From 2 100 titles after the literature search, six articles met the inclusion criteria. Three were comparative evaluations of fiber post and metal post, the short term result indicated that there were no significant differences in failure rate of fiber post and metal post; and the others were the clinical evaluations of fiber post and restoration without post, the conclusion of superiority of metal post or fiber post could not be made in such a middle term result, but the results indicated that when no coronal wall was retained but ferrule effect obtained, fiber post restoration had favorable clinical outcome than no post restoration. Conclusion The use of fiber post can increase the survival rate of endodontically treated teeth when teeth missing all the coronal walls regardless of the presence or absence of a ferrule effect. The clinical outcomes have no differences no matter the post and core system is fiber post or metal post. But more randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm this conclusion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of computer spectrophotometer and digital camera on anterior upper tooth color shading Yang Yundong1, Xiao Huijuan2, Yu Ping3, Liu Zhonghao2. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  579-581.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.006 Abstract ( 795 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (122KB) ( 994 )   Save Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Crystaleye computer spectrophotometer and it combined with digital camera in anterior upper tooth color shading. Methods 43 patients in need of an up anterior tooth restoration with noble metal -ceramic crown were enrolled in this study randomly. They were divided into three groups randomly. Group A used the conventional visual shade matching method. Group B used Crystaleye computer spectrophotometer system. Group C used Crystaleye computer spectrophotometer combined with digital camera method. The crown was evaluated by patients and a dentist respectively using visual analogue scale（VAS） method. After restoration, Crystaleye was used to catch the ΔE value between the crown and the opposite side tooth. The results were compared using one -way ANOVA respectively. Results For patients, there were no significant differences between group A and group B（P>0.05）. While there were significant differences between group A and group C（P <0.05）. For dentist, there were significant differences among three groups（P < 0.05）. For ΔE value, group A was higher than group B and group C. There were no difference between group B and group C. Conclusion There was no influence to the satisfaction of patients using Crystaleye computer spectrophotometer alone. While combining with digital camera, Crystaleye could improve the satisfaction of patients. Both Crystaleye and it combining with digital cameral could improve the satisfaction of the dentist. Both Crystaleye alone and Crystaleye combined with digital camera could decrease the color difference. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the questionaire of patients’satisfaction with porcelain -fused -to -metal restorations Wang Yushan1，2, Jia Anqi1. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  582-585.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.007 Abstract ( 789 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF（pc） (140KB) ( 495 )   Save Objective The aim of this study was to measure the satisfaction of patients with porcelain-fused-tometal（ PFM） restorations and to identify potential factors influencing their satisfaction. Methods 188 patients were selected and asked to fill in questionnaires at baseline. Candidates’age, gender and educational background were classifed. Four factors—the shade, contour, state of gingival and degree of comfort of PFM restorations were recorded independently. The reason, quantity, type and time of therapy of PFM restorations were recorded. Fuzzy synthetic appraisal was used to evaluate the patients’satisfaction of the restorations. Results 1）Patients were mostly satisfied with the degree of comfort of PFM restorations, and priority improving should be given to the shade of PFM. 2）The state of patients and the quantity, type and time of therapy of PFM restorations were related to patients’satisfaction. Conclusion Patients’satisfaction was related to not only the PFM restorations but also the patients’conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of using all ceramic restoration to correct anterior mild malocclusion in adult Ou Xianglin1, Zhang Yarong2, Fan Hongyi2, Zhu Zhuoli2. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  586-589.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.008 Abstract ( 847 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (136KB) ( 844 )   Save Objective Through using modern all ceramic technique, we are able to correct anterior mild malocclusion in adult, at the same time achieve a great cosmetic result in a very short course of treatment. Methods 134 patients, total of 478 anterior teeth that had mild malocclusion and discoloration were involved in the study. All patients did not accept or not suitable for lengthy orthodontic treatment. Study model impression was taken and poured, by all ceramic standard procedure, two kinds of all ceramic restorations fabricated, included 108 anterior veeners and 370 full crowns were made, luting composite resins were used for seating the restoration. Results Patients total gratification achieved 93%, with the degree of comfort being the hightest which was achieved 100% and 96.65% restorations scored A using modified United States Public Health Service criteria, after three months of study and research. Conclusion It was found that all ceramic restoration may achieve the satisfied and stability result by using correct anterior mild malocclusion in adult. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of antibacterial volume fraction of sodium hypochlorite solution Shi Yan, Yang Jia Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  590-592.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.009 Abstract ( 1062 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (115KB) ( 616 )   Save Objective To evaluate the antibacterial effect of sodium hypochlorite solutions on four endodontic pathogens. Methods The agar dilution method was used to observe the antibacterial effect of sodium hypochlorite against selected endodontic pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis（P.gingivalis）, Prevotella intermedius（P.intermedius）, Fusobacterium nucleatum（F.nucleatum）, Enterococcus faecalis（E.faecalis）. Minimum inhibitory volume fraction and minimum bactericidal volume fraction（MBVF） were performed. Results MIVF of sodium hypochlorite for P.gingivalis, P.intermedius, F.nucleatum, E.faecalis were 0.035%, 0.07%, 0.018%, 0.28% respectively, while MBVF were 0.035%, 0.07%, 0.035%, 0.28% respectively. The rankings of the microorganisms were from most to least effective: F.nucleatum, P.gingivalis, P.intermedius, E.faecalis. Conclusion Sodium hypochlorite had excellent antibacterial effects especially for anaerobic microorganisms. The antibacterial effect of 0.5%MBVF sodium hypochlorite can satisfy the clinical need. Related Articles | Metrics

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An evaluation of premolar extraction and non-extraction treatment outcome on borderline cases with Angle class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion Wu Wenwen1, Du Xi2. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  593-596.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.010 Abstract ( 956 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF（pc） (149KB) ( 629 )   Save Objective This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the clinical treatment outcomes of borderline cases with Angle class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion by using peer assessment rating（PAR） index to assess the occlusal traits of pre- and post-treatment models. Methods The subject of this study consisted of borderline patients with Angle class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion, including 83 children（26 patients with extraction and 57 patients without extraction）. PAR index was used to assess the occlusal traits of dental models before and after orthodontic treatment to evaluate the clinical treatment outcomes of these two groups. Results In borderline cases with Angle class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion, regardless of extraction or not, the weighted PAR index was decreased after treatment, the percentage reduction in weighted PAR index was more than 70%, and no significant difference exists between extraction and non-extraction group. In the evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcome, 96.39%（80/ 83） of cases improved. Conclusion Borderline cases with Angle class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion in children no matter extraction or non-extraction, both can achieve good outcomes in occlusion after treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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External feature of the first premolars of some youth and junior in Shandong area Wang Yaozhong1, Guan Qunli2, Deng Jing2, Deng Yue1. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  597-600.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.011 Abstract ( 868 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF（pc） (133KB) ( 1574 )   Save Objective To investigate the morphology of the first permanent premolars from some youth and junior in Shandong region and provide anatomic data and therapy basis for clinical treatment, education and scientific research in department of stomatology. Methods One hundred and forty six freshly extracted first permanent premolars of youth and junior in Shandong region were collected and grouped by position and gender for 8 groups. The teeth were measured according to the established method, including the length of tooth, height of dental crown, length of dental root, the ratio of height of dental crown and length of dental root, width of dental crown, width of dental neck, the ratio of width of dental crown and width of dental neck, deep of dental crown, depth of dental neck, the ratio of deep of dental crown and depth of dental neck. Then the data were analyzed using the SPSS 13.0 software package. Results Some anatomic data of the first permanent premolars of hobbledehoy in Shandong region were obtained. Conclusion The anatomic data between the right and left position of the same gender had no difference and between different gender of the same position had some differences. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on human periodontal ligament fibroblast culturing in vitro Jiang Zhuling1, Wang Xiang1, Zhang Bin1, Guan Chengchao1, Gao Rui2. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  601-603.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.012 Abstract ( 1121 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF（pc） (145KB) ( 1131 )   Save Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts play a basis role in biological, pharmacy, and tissue engineering research of periodontal cells, which are critical to the study of stomatology. Because of the limited anatomy structure and the limited amount of periodontal ligament. The culture of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts is relatively hard. This review describes the methods on culture of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro. Related Articles | Metrics

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Head and neck cancer stem cells’surface markers and their sorting Xu Xiaorong1, Jia Jun1，2, Zhang Wenfeng2. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  604-607.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.013 Abstract ( 822 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (142KB) ( 1197 )   Save Increasing data showed head and neck cancer stem cells were responsible for head and neck cancer on carcinogenesis, relapse, metastasis and drug resistance. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary on research progress of specific surface stem cell markers in head and neck cancer stem cells and their sorting. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on gene chip technology and its applications in dental pulp biology Gong Qimei, Ling Junqi. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  608-611.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.014 Abstract ( 809 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF（pc） (191KB) ( 973 )   Save Gene chip was a high-throughput, rapid, parallel nucleic acid sequence detection and quantitative analysis technology. It has been widely used in molecular biology in recent years. Study on dental pulp genomics will help to understand the physiological and pathological mechanisms of pulp, thus contributing to the clinical application in prevention, diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we briefly described the gene chip technology and its applications in dental pulp stem cells, aged dental pulp and dental caries. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on resistance of predominant periodontal anaerobes He Junlin, Hu Fupin, Yu Liying. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  612-616.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.015 Abstract ( 936 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (185KB) ( 745 )   Save Periodontal anaerobes are the main factors causing periodontitis. With the misuse of antibiotics in clinical treatment, the resistance of periodontal anaerobes is increasingly serious. In this review, we briefly discribed periodontal anaerobic strains, discussed their mechanism of drug resistance and antibiotic sensitivity and analysis and detection of drug resistance genes. It was expected to provide scientific evidences for use of antimicrobial drugs and the development of new antimicrobial agents. Related Articles | Metrics

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Perioperative management of patients long-time using of anticoagulant in tooth extraction Cao Haotian, Wu Yeke, Pan Jian. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  617-619.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.016 Abstract ( 1240 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (136KB) ( 2185 )   Save The tooth extraction of patient who is long-time using of anticoagulant drug is regard as taboo by oral and maxillofacial surgeon. With the increasing level of health care and aging trends, oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics appear more and more such patients. However, people have different opinions on how to deal with such patients. Based on the related researches in recent years. This review strived for giving a comphrensive angle for this kind of patients from preoperative risk assessment, preoperative preparation, preoperative and postoperative risk. Related Articles | Metrics

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Factors in testing the micro-tensile bond strength Zhang Zhenliang, Fu Baiping. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  620-623.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.017 Abstract ( 935 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (134KB) ( 894 )   Save Micro-tensile bond strength tests have been widely used as a primary method to measure the dental bond strengths of dental adhesive systems. The dental bond strengths are potentially correlated with clinical effectiveness of resin restorations. The micro-tensile bond strength tests provide a clinical guideline of dental adhesive systems. Many factors will affect the micro-tensile bond strengths tested in laboratory studies, such as origin of teeth, regions of teeth, storage media, geometric shapes of specimens, size of cross-sectioned surfaces, sectioning speed and so on. This article systematically reviewed the effect of factors on the micro-tensile bond strengths. Related Articles | Metrics

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Orthodontic treatment for periodontally compromised patients with malocclusion Xu Hui, Zhao Qing, Bai Ding. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  624-627.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.018 Abstract ( 742 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF（pc） (156KB) ( 887 )   Save The essential points of orthodontic therapy for periodontally compromised patients may focus on what the effects of orthodontic movement is on reduced but health periodontal tissue, and how orthodontists are advised to design the treatment plan. Recent studies gived an update of the therapeutic principle for periodontally compromised patients and trigger controversial topics. This paper are reviewed from 3 aspects: The different types of periodontal lesions teeth mobile, different teeth move for the rest of the way the influence of periodontal tissue, other special considerations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between the mood disorders of patients with oral cancers and disruptions in hypothalamicpituitary- adrenal axis Jing Dian1, Jia Yanfei2, Liu Chuanxia3, Zhou Qizhi2. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  628-630.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.019 Abstract ( 802 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (113KB) ( 666 )   Save Oral cancer is the most common neoplasm of the head and neck. Patients with oral cancer show elevated prevalence rates of mood disorder. Mood disorder is a kind of‘catalyst’in the development of cancer and the prognosis predictor. Mood disorder in oral cancer may be associated with circadian disruption in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal（HPA） axis. Based on this analysis, we recommend that alteration of circadian rhythm of the HPA axis may play a crucial role in biology mechanism of intervention on oral cancer with mood disorder. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synchronous repair of complete bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformit and assessment of the result Sun Kun, Li Aiqun. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  631-634.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.020 Abstract ( 919 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (153KB) ( 500 )   Save As the study of anatomy and growth pattern of bilalteral cleft lip nasal defomity provide the necessary foreknowledge to guide the surgeons to change their traditional operative strategies, the technology has a great progress. Recently, the principle for single-stage repair of nasalabial deformity has been established and the techniques continue to develope. The symmetry of the soft and hard tissues of labial and coordination of the abnormal development is also very important to the effect after the operation. People need some digital parameters based on longtime follow-up to assess the results objectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on root canal irrigation methodologies Mao Jiaojiao, Lin Zhengmei Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  635-638.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.021 Abstract ( 1170 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF（pc） (140KB) ( 1119 )   Save Root canal cleaning and shaping are of paramount importance during root canal therapy. Because of the intricate nature of root canal anatomy, it is impossible to shape and clean the root canal completely through mechanical preparation. Irrigation is an essential part of root canal debridement. The conventional method is syringe needle irrigation or in combination with ultrasonic irrigation systems. Endo-brushes, Rinsendo, EndoVac and EndoActivator systems are still in the research stage, not widely applicated in clinical yet. This paper reviews the research progress on root canal irrigation methodologies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Treating MillerⅠ, Ⅱ gingival recession with coronally advanced flap Zhang Chen1, Zhao Qi2, Qin Hongxia1 Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  639-641.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.022 Abstract ( 1316 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF（pc） (133KB) ( 1179 )   Save Recession of the gingival margin remains a highly prevalent problem for its impact on both aesthetics and dentine hypersensitivity. The ultimate goal of a root coverage procedure is the complete coverage of the recession defect with good appearance. This review addresses on the clinic problems, in hope of giving suggestions to use coronally advanced flap alone or in combination with other material for treating gingival recession. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of stepwise and maximum advancement on the treatment and temporomandibular joint modification of Angle class Ⅱ malocclusion Liu Ying, Tang Huan, Liu Chang. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  642-645.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.023 Abstract ( 679 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (136KB) ( 451 )   Save Angle class Ⅱ malocclusion is prevailing in orthodontics. We made great efforts to enhance temporomandibular joint（TMJ） and mandibular modification. Considerable researches have been done to investigate the effects of stepwise and maximum advancement on the treatment and TMJ modification. This review was a brief summary of the current knowledge about the above study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical treatment based on Bolton analysis Bian Xiang1, Li Zhiren2, Yang Yongjin2, Shen Huan2. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  646-648.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.024 Abstract ( 1486 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF（pc） (138KB) ( 1872 )   Save Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100088, China） [Abstract] The goal of orthodontic treatment is to achieve the balance of stomatognathic system function, and to achieve the aesthetic of teeth, cranial skeletal, facial profile and optimal occlusion. Bolton reported tooth size discrepancies in 20 century, and Bolton analysis prevailed as an efficacious clinical tool for designing, appraising various relationships of upper to lower dentitions. Bolton analysis had a profound impact on diagnose of some malocclusion as well. As variable factors influence the tooth size discrepancies, the determination factor of tooth dimensions should be observed in depth. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on immediate loading of implants in periodontally compromised patients Liu Yun1，2, Deng Feilong1. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  649-652.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.025 Abstract ( 864 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF（pc） (143KB) ( 859 )   Save Immediate loading of implants provide immediate function and excellent esthetic outcome to the patients, as a result, it has become a hot research point in the recent years. According to most of the present reviews, it has been regarded to be not running a greater risk for implant failure nor implant complications in periodontally compromised patients compared to individuals without the history of periodontitis. With the development of the technique and material progress, immediate loading has been more and more used to treat for periodontally compromised patients and proved to be successful. According to the updated review, doctors associated immediate implant placement with immediate loading in periodontally compromised patients, to achieve the highest predictability and the most excellent esthetic outcome. This paper presented an overview of the research progress on immediate loading in periodontally compromised patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on changes in dental pulp in response to orthodontic forces Han Guanghong1, Li Nannan1, Hu Min2. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  653-656.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.026 Abstract ( 822 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF（pc） (170KB) ( 1318 )   Save During orthodontic tooth movement, because of the apical vascular slightly compressed, the pulpal metabolism is affected. However, the effects of orthodontic forces on dental pulp have not yet been significantly investigated. This article reviewed the current knowledge of the biological aspects of dental pulp tissue changes incident to orthodontic forces. Related Articles | Metrics

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Properties and its application in oral medicine field of carbon nanotube Bai Qing, Ji Xiaoli, Liu Jinsong, Ma Jianfeng. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  657-660.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.027 Abstract ( 957 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (143KB) ( 1058 )   Save Carbon nanotube（CNT） has attracted the attention of many researchers worldwide, due to its unique topological structure and properties including the remarkable mechanical strength, the highest thermal conductivity, extraordinary optical and outstanding field emission properties. In recent years, there are more and more applications of carbon nanotube in oral medicine field and suggest a promising future. This paper reviewed the properties of carbon nanotube and the development of its application in oral medicine field. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the biomechanics of self -ligating bracket systems Duan Peipei1，2, Zhang Lin1, Zhao Qing1, Mei Li1. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  661-663.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.028 Abstract ( 740 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (137KB) ( 900 )   Save Self-ligating brackets are becoming increasingly popular in orthodontic treatment, due to their lower friction in leveling and aligning stage compared with conventional brackets. The article reviewed the recent researches in the rationale and biomechanics of self-ligating bracket systems to provide some useful information for further improvements in orthodontic cares. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances on the relationship between periodontitis and hypertension   Wang Yan, Zhou Xuedong. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  664-667.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.029 Abstract ( 1324 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (137KB) ( 903 )   Save Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases related to genetic and environmental factors. Periodontitis is a destructive disease in teeth supporting tissue（gum, periodontal membrane and alveolar bone）. Many researches show that hypertension and periodontitis are related. Periodontitis could increase the prevalence rate of hypertension, while hypertension might increase the risk and severity of periodontitis. At present, the inter-nal mechanism of the interaction between them has not been entirely clarified. Inflammation is probably the mediator and common risk factors promote coincidence of the two diseases. In this paper, the correlation and the interactive mechanism between periodontitis and hypertension will be reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on early caries detection with optical coherence tomography Gong Xue, Liu Li. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  668-671.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.030 Abstract ( 792 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (146KB) ( 1071 )   Save Early detection of caries and timely correct intervention can reverse caries process, which can preservate tooth structures as possible and reduce traumatic treatment. Therefore, the early accurate diagnosis appears very important. Currently, the conventional methods cannot detect early caries objectively and effectively, and also cannot monitor caries process quantitatively, which often makes patients lose the optimal opportunity of conservative treatment. So, we need a safe, accurate and quantifiable technology to detect and monitor early caries. Recent years, there are several noninvasive and quantitative methods of early caries detection. This review was focused on the research progress of early caries detection with optical coherence tomography. Related Articles | Metrics

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The role of tumor necrosis factor receptor -associated factor nuclear factor -κB-binding kinase 1 and stimulator of interferon genes mediated immune responses to DNA vaccines Su Lingkai, Fan Mingwen. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  672-674.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.031 Abstract ( 750 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (135KB) ( 848 )   Save Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor nuclear factor-κB-binding kinase 1（TBK1） are already proved to play an important role in mediating immune responses to DNA vaccines, not only adaptive immune responses including cellular immunity and humoral immunity, but also innate immune responses. Recently, it is reported that stimulator of interferon genes（STING） is a significant element for the production of typeⅠinterferon to regulate innate immunity, which is mediated by TBK1. In this review, the role of TBK1 mediated immune responses to DNA vaccines and the role of STING gene mediated innate immune responses to TBK1 were introduced. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the bonding strength of caries -affected dentin Li Li, Fu Baiping. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  675-678.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.032 Abstract ( 818 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF（pc） (147KB) ( 1062 )   Save The different caries removal methods, surface pretreatments and dentin adhesives would influence the dentin bonding strength（DBS）. For most dental adhesives, the DBS of the caries-affected dentin（CAD） is significantly lower than that of the normal dentin. This paper reviewed recently published articles concerning the DBS of CAD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51 Xiao Yuxia1, Huang Meijing2, Shao Lenan2. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  679-682.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.033 Abstract ( 890 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF（pc） (157KB) ( 821 )   Save The protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51（PTPIP51） was a conserved protein whose amino acid sequence of human was found sequence homology with several other mammalian species. The expression profile of PTPIP51 protein were widely found in human and there were several different calculated molecular masses of the protein in a tissue-specific manner. The protein interacted with different signaling partners playing variety functions in human tissues. Interacting with its receptor complexes, signaling cascades of different pathways were activated and promoted mediating cells proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and motility. In this paper, we will review the biological characteristics, and gene expression, regulation, signal ligands and the physiological functions and relationship with human tumors of PTPIP51. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on drug prevention of Streptococcus mutans Liu Kaiyun, Sun Hongwu, Zhang Weijun, Zou Quanming. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  683-685.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.034 Abstract ( 1155 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF（pc） (124KB) ( 2349 )   Save Streptococcus mutans colonization in the oral cavity is closely related to the incidence of dental caries. It is the main cariogenic micro-organisms to human. Domestic and foreign scholars, who engaged in finding and research to inhibit or kill Streptococcus mutans drugs, used the agents of antibiotics, disinfectants, fluoride and immune products to anti -Streptococcus mutans infection. Chemistry of synthetic and plant extract drugs anti - Streptococcus mutans drugs reviewed in the paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on intra-articular injection of the temporomandibular joint Cai Hengxing, Long Xing. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  686-688.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.035 Abstract ( 1270 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF（pc） (103KB) ( 851 )   Save Intra-articular injection of the temporomandibular joint has a history of over two decades and proves to be one of the most effective methods in the treatment of the temporomandibular joint diseases. However, problems such as short duration of drugs, requirements of repeated injections still exist. In order to improve the efficacy of temporomandibular joint injection, researchers studied from different aspects in recent years. The advancement of these studies was reviewed in this article. Related Articles | Metrics

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Etiology of pathologic extra -oral halitosis Tang Chun, Ye Wei. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  689-692.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.036 Abstract ( 866 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF（pc） (129KB) ( 527 )   Save Pathologic extra-oral halitosis can be subdivided into non-blood-borne halitosis, such as halitosis from respiratory tract or upper alimentary tract, and blood-borne halitosis, including hepatic disease, cystinosis, trimethylaminuria and so on. There are volatile organic compounds in our breath that cause halitosis, and in some circumstances reflects certain diseases. This review mainly focused on different mechanisms of various extra-oral diseases and their relationship with extra-oral halitosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between facial features and width of maxillary anterior teeth Ying Shunü, Liu Li. Inter J Stomatol. 2012, 39 (5):  693-696.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.05.037 Abstract ( 846 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF（pc） (138KB) ( 1194 )   Save Facial features and width of maxillary anterior teeth is relevant. Facial features, such as nasal width, interpupillary distance, which can be used as a guide to choose the width of maxillary anterior teeth, are stable and reliable, the method of measurement is as well as convenient. However, the relationship between facial features and maxillary anterior teeth is associated with gender, race and other factors. It is better to use more than one feature to forecast the width of maxillary anterior teeth. In this paper, the pertinence between facial features and the width of maxillary anterior teeth was discussed. Related Articles | Metrics