国际口腔医学杂志

国际口腔医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 703-710.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2026629

• 论著 • 上一篇    

3~6岁儿童乳牙龋病严重程度影响因素分析

班红艳1(),连小丽2,代晓华2,邹慧儒2,3()   

  1. 1.天津大学儿童医院/天津市儿童医院口腔科 天津市儿童出生缺陷防治重点实验室 天津 300074
    2.天津市口腔医院中心实验室 南开大学医学院 天津市口腔功能重建重点实验室 天津 300041
    3.天津市口腔医院牙体牙髓病二科 南开大学医学院 天津市口腔功能重建重点实验室 天津 300041
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-14 修回日期:2026-06-02 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 邹慧儒
  • 作者简介:班红艳，主治医师，硕士，Email：banhongyanliuxiang@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    天津市自然科学基金项目(23JCYBJC01490);南开大学口腔医学科学研究院技术开发项目(2026430HJ0083)

Analysis of influencing factors on the severity of deciduous tooth caries in children aged 3-6 years

Hongyan Ban1(),Xiaoli Lian2,Xiaohua Dai2,Huiru Zou2,3()   

  1. 1.Dept. of Stomatology, Tianjin University Children's Hospital/Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Birth Defects in Children, Tianjin 300074, China
    2.Dept. of Central Laboratory, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Functional Reconstruction, Tianjin 300041, China
    3.Dept. of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Functional Reconstruction, Tianjin 300041, China
  • Received:2025-04-14 Revised:2026-06-02 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-08-28
  • Contact: Huiru Zou
  • Supported by:
    Tianjin Natural Science Foundation Project(23JCYBJC01490);Technology Development Project of Stomatology Institute of Nankai University(2026430HJ0083)

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摘要：

目的 探究3~6岁儿童乳牙龋病情况及其相关影响因素，为儿童乳牙龋病的预防和控制提供科学依据。 方法 采用分层随机抽样方法，选取2024年4月至12月在天津市儿童医院口腔科门诊就诊的3~6岁儿童作为研究对象，通过问卷调查收集儿童的人口统计学资料、口腔卫生习惯、饮食习惯、家长的口腔健康意识等信息。同时，由2名专业口腔医生检查记录儿童乳牙龋坏情况，依据龋病病理进展程度分为无龋、龋坏未累及牙髓、牙髓根尖周病或残根。采用卡方检验、t检验、方差分析对分类变量与儿童乳牙龋病严重程度的关系进行分析，对有统计学意义的因素进一步采用多元Logistic回归进行多因素分析，以确定儿童乳牙龋病严重程度的独立影响因素。 结果 研究共纳入250名儿童，其中，男126名，女124名；3、4、5、6岁儿童分别为28、54、80、88名；来自城市、城乡接合部、农村儿童分别为161、67、22名。儿童乳牙龋病严重程度与刷牙起始时间、牙线使用情况、家长对定期检查预防儿童龋病重要性是否认同显著相关（P<0.05），而与性别、年龄、城乡分布等因素无关（P＞0.05）。多元Logistic回归分析表明，刷牙起始时间较晚、家长不认同定期检查预防龋病的重要性是儿童乳牙龋病严重程度的危险因素（P<0.05）。 结论 早期开始刷牙和家长重视定期口腔检查对降低儿童乳牙龋病严重程度具有重要作用，应加强对家长和儿童的口腔健康宣传教育，提高口腔健康意识。

关键词: 儿童, 乳牙龋病, 影响因素, 多元Logistic回归

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the status of deciduous tooth caries of 3‒6-year-old children and its associated influencing factors among children and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of deciduous tooth caries in children. Methods 　A stratified random sampling method was employed to select 3‒6-year-old children attending the Stomatology Outpatient Department of Tianjin Children's Hospital between April and December 2024 as the research subjects. Information on children's basic information, oral hygiene habits, dietary habits, and parental attitudes towards children's oral health and their knowledge of oral health were collected through a questionnaire survey. Two professional dentists examined and recorded the dental caries status of primary teeth in children. The status was classified into three categories: caries-free, caries only (without pulp involvement), and caries progressed to pulp-periapical disease or residual roots. Chi-square test, t test, and variance analysis were used to analyze the relationship between categorical variables and the severity of primary tooth caries in children. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the statistically significant factors to determine the independent influence of each factor on the severity of deciduous dental caries in children. Results 　A total of 250 children were included in this study, comprising 126 boys and 124 girls. The numbers of children aged 3, 4, 5, and 6 years were 28, 54, 80, and 88, respectively. Among the children, 161 were from urban areas, 67 were from urban-rural fringe zones, and 22 were from rural areas. The severity of deciduous tooth caries in children was significantly associated with the timing of starting tooth brushing, the use of dental floss, and parental attitudes toward the importance of regular dental checkups in preventing dental caries in children (P<0.05). By contrast, factors such as gender, age, and urban-rural distribution were not associated with the severity of deciduous tooth caries in children (P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that starting tooth brushing at a later age and parents’ lack of recognition of the importance of regular dental checkups in preventing dental caries were risk factors for the severity of deciduous tooth caries in children (P<0.05). Conclusion 　Early initiation of tooth brushing and parental emphasis on regular dental checkups play an important role in reducing the severity of deciduous tooth caries in children. Strengthening oral health education for parents and children is necessary to improve their oral health awareness.

Key words: children, deciduous tooth caries, influencing factor, multivariate Logistic regression

中图分类号: 

  • R788＋.1

表 1

250名3~6岁儿童的基本信息"

变量人数（n/%）龋均Z/H值P值
性别-0.7570.449
男126/50.44.63±3.70
女124/49.64.39±3.70
年龄/岁1.7040.636
328/11.24.07±3.56
454/21.64.91±4.06
580/32.04.21±3.51
688/35.24.67±3.69
城乡分布2.9430.230
城市161/64.44.16±3.32
城乡接合部67/26.85.18±4.10
农村22/8.85.00±4.71

表 2

250名3~6岁儿童龋病严重程度的单因素分析"

变量人数无龋龋坏未累及牙髓牙髓根尖周病或残根χ2值P值
性别0.1920.909
男126136647
女124136843
年龄/岁11.2090.082
3283196
45443713
58093833
688104038
城乡分布8.2200.084
城市161219149
城乡接合部6733232
农村222119
刷牙起始时间6.6170.037*
牙齿萌出~2岁前1942410763
2岁~至今未刷牙5622727
刷牙次数0.4660.792
≤1次/日110106139
2次/日140167351
刷牙时长/min6.3970.171
＜13951816
≥1且＜213998050
≥272123624
刷牙方式3.2370.779
手动，自己刷100115237
电动牙刷，自己刷3722411
家长监督刷3341514
家长帮着刷8094328
含氟牙膏使用2.2480.325
是174219459
否7654031
牙线使用情况9.8840.042*
经常17476
有时9085824
很少143146960
甜食4.2470.374
喜欢1931710769
一般4582215
不喜欢12156
含糖饮料3.6770.451
喜欢3331515
一般7874823
不喜欢139167152
夜间饮食3.5760.167
经常6533527
很少185239963
定期口腔检查5.6000.231
≤1年47114923
>1年4352414
因口腔不适就医124106153
预防龋病的知识4.2620.372
了解147128547
一般262159
不了解7793434
定期检查对儿童龋病预防的重要性6.1840.021*
同意2432613384
不同意7016

表 3

250名3~6岁儿童乳牙龋病严重程度的有序多元Logistic回归分析"

变量β值标准误Wald χ2值P值OR值（95%CI）
牙齿状态（阈值）
无龋-2.2670.56216.292<0.0010.104（0.034，0.312）
龋坏未累及牙髓0.5810.5401.1580.2821.788（0.621，5.150）
刷牙起始时间
牙齿萌出~2岁前-0.7190.3025.6540.0170.487（0.269，0.882）
2岁~至今未刷牙a
牙线使用情况
经常0.6900.5151.7970.1801.994（0.727，5.463）
有时0.2310.5290.1910.6621.260（0.447，3.557）
很少a
定期检查对儿童龋病预防的重要性
不同意2.4691.1025.0190.02511.811（1.362，102.412）
同意a
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