国际口腔医学杂志

国际口腔医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 696-702.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2026134

• 论著 • 上一篇    

有限元仿真在预防镍钛根管锉扭转断裂中的应用

刘瑞杰(),盛艳,周昊,孔亚群()   

  1. 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院口腔科 北京 100050
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-04 修回日期:2026-05-13 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 孔亚群
  • 作者简介:刘瑞杰，医师，硕士，Email：liuruijie2010@163.com

Application of finite element simulation in preventing torsional fracture of nickel-titanium root canal files

Ruijie Liu(),Yan Sheng,Hao Zhou,Yaqun Kong()   

  1. Dept. of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
  • Received:2026-01-04 Revised:2026-05-13 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-08-28
  • Contact: Yaqun Kong

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摘要：

目的 预测镍钛根管锉在根管预备过程中发生卡滞后的最大允许扭转力矩和转角以防止扭转断裂。 方法 通过有限元仿真计算根管锉被卡滞后继续旋转时锉刀应力分布及根管锉手柄的扭转力矩，并调查了根管锉和根管形态等因素对应力和转矩的影响。 结果 根管锉卡滞后继续旋转过程中达到材料相变拐点Von Mises应力（400~600 MPa）后“转矩—转角”曲线进入平台区，当截面局部应力达到材料断裂强度（>1 000 MPa）后，由于应力分布的不均匀（离散系数为0.65），转矩随转角变化仍然不明显，即位于平台区。对于不同根管锉和根管组合，到达断裂强度时的转矩分布为0.5~3 N·mm，转角分布为200°~400°。 结论 有限元仿真可以建立根管预备卡滞时根管锉—根管组合中根管锉的断裂应力与允许扭转力矩、转角的数值联系，从而获得预警参数来预防根管锉断裂。

关键词: 镍钛根管锉, 根管预备, 有限元仿真, 断裂应力, 扭转力矩, 转角

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to predict the maximum allowable torsional moment and rotation angle of nickel-titanium root canal files after jamming during root canal preparation to prevent torsional fracture. Methods 　Finite element simulation was used to calculate the stress distribution of the file and the torsional moment at the file handle when the file continued to rotate after jamming. The effects of factors, such as file and root canal morphology, on stress and torque were investigated. Results 　After the Von Mises stress reached the material phase transformation point (400‒600 MPa) during the continued rotation of the jammed file, the “torque‒rotation angle” curve entered a plateau region. When the local stress at the cross-section reached the material fracture strength (>1 000 MPa), the torque did not change significantly with the rotation angle (i.e., remained in the plateau region) due to the non-uniform stress distribution (coefficient of variation: 0.65). Depending on the file and root canal combination, the torque at fracture ranged from 0.5 N·mm to 3 N·mm, and the rotation angle ranged from 200° to 400°. Conclusion 　Finite element simulation can establish a numerical relationship between the fracture stress of the file and the allowable torsional moment and rotation angle in the file‒canal system during root canal preparation jamming, thereby providing warning parameters to effectively prevent fracture incidents.

Key words: nickel-titanium root canal file, root canal preparation, finite element simulation, fracture stress, torsional moment, rotation angle

中图分类号: 

  • R783.1

图1

根管锉及根管几何形态1：二刃锉；2：不同螺距的三刃锉d0~5；3：四刃锉；4：大圆截面锉；5：小圆截面锉。"

表 1

镍钛合金本构模型参数"

参数特性数值
EA奥氏体弹性模量42.53 GPa
νA泊松比0.33
EM马氏体弹性模量12.828 GPa
εL相变应变率10%
σLS加载过程相变开始应力492 MPa
σLE加载过程相变结束应力630 MPa
σMS卸载过程相变开始应力192 MPa
σME卸载过程相变结束应力97 MPa
T参考温度22 ℃
ρ密度6 300 kg/m3

图2

镍钛形状记忆合金应力-应变曲线"

图3

约束条件和载荷加载方式"

表 2

根管锉横截面形状及根管差异为变量"

根管二刃锉刀1三刃锉刀2四刃锉刀3大圆截面4小圆截面5
根管11-11-21-31-41-5
根管22-12-22-32-42-5

表 3

根管锉横截面与根管相对方位角为变量"

根管锉根管1旋转角度
α0α1α2α3α4α5α6α7α8α9
三刃锉刀22-α02-α12-α22-α32-α42-α52-α62-α72-α82-α9

表 4

根管锉螺距为变量"

根管锉+根管组合螺距参数
d0d1d2d3d4d5
三刃锉刀2+根管12-d02-d12-d22-d32-d42-d5

图4

根管锉在根管中发生卡滞后的Von Mises应力和转矩"

图5

锉刀在根管中顶端面转矩达到平台区拐点和Von Mises应力达到1 000 MPa时的Von Mises应力分布云图"

图6

根管锉横截面、方位角、螺距对根管锉Von Mises应力和根管锉顶端面转矩的影响"

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