国际口腔医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 76-81.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2025002

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

儿童继发龋的危险因素及防治策略分析

韩峰1(),朱凤节2,高黎1()   

  1. 1.郑州大学第一附属医院儿童口腔科 郑州 450052
    2.郑州大学第一附属医院正畸科 郑州 450052
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-28 修回日期:2024-08-25 出版日期:2025-01-01 发布日期:2025-01-11
  • 通讯作者: 高黎
  • 作者简介:韩峰,副主任医师,硕士,Email:17467379@qq.com

Risk factors and prevention strategies of secondary caries in children

Feng Han1(),Fengjie Zhu2,Li Gao1()   

  1. 1.Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
    2.Dept. of Orthodontics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
  • Received:2024-04-28 Revised:2024-08-25 Online:2025-01-01 Published:2025-01-11
  • Contact: Li Gao

摘要:

目的 探讨儿童继发龋的危险因素及防治策略。 方法 收集在郑州大学第一附属医院治疗龋齿1年后复查的患儿120例,根据有无继发龋将其分为继发组(n=25)与未继发组(n=95),比较2组患儿的一般资料、初诊资料及口腔行为学资料,并采用Logistic回归分析龋齿患儿出现继发龋的影响因素。 结果 未继发组患儿在年龄、父母文化水平、家庭收入、填充材料、刷牙次数、父母帮助刷牙、饭后漱口情况、甜食进食次数、定期复查口腔情况、含氟牙膏使用方面与继发组患儿比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,父母文化水平、父母指导刷牙、饭后漱口、刷牙次数、甜食摄入次数、含氟牙膏使用情况及填充材料是影响患儿发生继发龋的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。 结论 儿童继发龋的危险因素较多,加强口腔保健知识宣教、培养儿童良好口腔卫生习惯,是降低儿童继发龋的重要措施。

关键词: 继发龋, 儿童, 危险因素, 防治策略

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to explore the risk factors and prevention strategies of secondary caries in children. Methods A total of 120 children with dental caries who were re-examined 1 year after treatment in the First Affilia-ted Hospital of Zhengzhou University were divided into the secondary group (n=25) and non-secondary group (n=95). The general data, initial diagnosis data, and oral behavior data of the two groups were collected and compared. The risk factors of secondary caries in children with dental caries were analyzed by using logistic regression. Results Significant differences in age, parental education level, family income, filling materials, brushing frequency, parental help to brush teeth, mouthwash after meals, sweets intake times, regular oral review, and use of fluoride toothpaste were found between the secondary caries group and non-secondary caries group (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the educational level of parents, parental help to brush teeth, mouthwash after meals, brushing frequency, sweets intake times, use of fluoride toothpaste, and filling materials were independent risk factors for secondary caries in children (P<0.05). Conclusion Secondary caries in children have many risk factors. Thus, reducing secondary caries in children is important to strengthen oral health education and develop good oral health habits.

Key words: secondary caries, children, risk factors, prevention strategy

中图分类号: 

  • R788

图 1

龋齿患儿治疗后复查示意图左:继发龋组,患儿男,初诊年龄9岁,复合树脂填充,治疗1年后复查继发龋,牙位74、75、84牙;右:未继发龋组,患儿女,初诊年龄6岁,玻璃离子填充,1年后复查未见继发龋,牙位74、75牙。"

表 1

继发龋和未继发龋患儿组间一般资料的比较"

组别总例数继发龋组/n(%)未继发龋组/n(%)χ2P
年龄/岁4.8690.027
2~67320(80.00)53(55.79)
7~12475(20.00)42(44.21)
性别0.1880.664
6713(52.00)54(56.84)
5312(48.00)41(43.16)
父母文化水平9.6800.002
5819(76.00)39(41.05)
626(24.00)56(58.95)
家庭收入/(元/月)6.7780.034
≤5 0002911(44.00)18(18.95)
5 000~10 000528(32.00)44(46.31)
>10 000396(24.00)33(34.74)

表 2

继发龋和未继发龋患儿组间初诊治疗情况比较"

分析项目继发龋组/n(%)未继发龋组/n(%)χ2P
龋齿数量0.5640.453
≤2颗(n=55)10(40.00)46(48.42)
>2颗(n=65)15(60.00)49(51.58)
龋齿部位1.4020.496
前牙2(8.00)15(15.79)
后牙6(24.00)16(16.84)
前牙+后牙17(68.00)64(67.37)
充填材料9.0100.003
复合树脂(n=70)8(32.00)62(65.26)
玻璃离子(n=50)17(68.00)33(34.74)
患龋牙齿种类3.0460.218
乳牙(n=63)17(68.00)46(48.42)
恒牙(n=22)3(12.00)19(20.00)
混合(n=35)5(20.00)30(31.58)
牙菌斑指数2.68±0.582.49±0.691.2560.212
牙齿松动度/分1.47±0.431.37±0.351.1770.242
复诊次数/(次/年)1.76±0.662.12±0.762.1440.034

表 3

继发龋组与未继发龋组的口腔行为学资料比较"

分析项目继发龋组未继发龋组χ2//tP
出生6月内喂养方式0.0230.881
母乳13(52.00)51(53.68)
非母乳12(48.00)44(46.32)
开始刷牙年龄/岁2.48±0712.27±0.631.4230.158
每天刷牙次数/次8.6410.003
<214(56.00)24(25.26)
≥211(44.00)71(74.74)
饭后漱口情况4.4650.035
12(48.00)67(70.53)
13(52.00)28(29.47)
父母帮助刷牙4.3670.037
经常10(40.00)60(63.16)
极少或没有15(60.00)35(36.84)
每天甜食使用次数/次4.9520.026
<312(48.00)68(71.58)
≥313(52.00)27(28.42)
定期复查情况4.9520.026
12(48.00)68(71.58)
13(52.00)27(28.42)
含氟牙膏使用情况13.5430.000
10(40.00)74(77.89)
15(60.00)21(22.11)
睡前进食3.0070.083
14(56.00)35(36.84)
11(44.00)60(63.16)

表 4

影响儿童继发龋的多因素分析结果"

变量BSEWalsP95% CI(下限~上限)
饭后漱口1.2740.6184.2550.0391.066~12.003
刷牙次数/d1.4450.6245.3580.0211.248~14.422
家长指导/帮助刷牙1.2500.6104.2020.0401.056~11.525
甜食摄入次数/d-1.2250.6213.8870.0490.087~0.993
父母文化水平1.3430.6374.4420.0351.099~13.365
含氟牙膏使用情况1.4350.6095.5590.0181.274~13.848
填充材料1.6090.6196.7630.0091.486~16.806
常量-2.6550.8888.9460.003
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