国际口腔医学杂志

国际口腔医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (6): 842-849.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2026142

• 论著 • 上一篇    

苏州市12岁青少年口腔健康状况及其患龋相关影响因素研究

宋慧敏1(),张婷婷1,葛兵1,朱晔2,顾圣祖3,沈家平1,朱鹏4()   

  1. 1.苏州卫生职业技术学院附属口腔医院儿童口腔科 苏州 215000
    2.苏州卫生职业技术学院附属口腔医院口腔修复科 苏州 215000
    3.昆山市第一人民医院口腔科 昆山 215300
    4.苏州卫生职业技术学院附属口腔医院牙体牙髓病科 苏州 215000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-22 修回日期:2025-11-13 出版日期:2026-11-01 发布日期:2026-10-29
  • 通讯作者: 朱鹏
  • 作者简介:宋慧敏，住院医师，硕士，Email：songhuimin987@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    苏州市预防医学科研课题指导性立项项目(SZYZ202408);江苏省职业教育校企合作典型生产实践项目(2023);苏州卫生职业技术学院产教深度融合校企合作项目(2023)

Oral health status and related factors of caries in 12-year-old adolescents in Suzhou city

Huimin Song1(),Tingting Zhang1,Bing Ge1,Ye Zhu2,Shengzu Gu3,Jiaping Shen1,Peng Zhu4()   

  1. 1.Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou 215000, China
    2.Dept. of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou 215000, China
    3.Dept. of Stomatology, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Kunshan 215300, China
    4.Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou 215000, China
  • Received:2025-08-22 Revised:2025-11-13 Online:2026-11-01 Published:2026-10-29
  • Contact: Peng Zhu
  • Supported by:
    Guiding Project for Preventive Medicine Research in Suzhou(SZYZ202408);Deep Industry-Education Integration and School-Enterprise Cooperation Project of Suzhou Vocational Health College(2023);Typical Production Practice Project for School-Enterprise Cooperation of Jiangsu Provincial Vocational Education (2023)

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摘要：

目的 调查苏州市12岁青少年口腔健康现状及流行病学特征，并探讨分析其患龋相关的影响因素。 方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取2024年苏州市10个城区（县级市）中学的12岁年龄组学生共计1 933名，被调查者接受口腔检查及相关问卷调查，纳入整理数据并描述性分析口腔患病现况，对恒牙龋的危险因素行单因素分析后，通过混杂因素校正，分析12岁青少年恒牙龋的危险因素相关性。 结果 苏州市12岁青少年中，患龋率高达36.6%，龋均为1.62，牙龈出血检出率为61.2%，牙结石检出率为65.6%。不同城区（县级市）其患龋率有不同，女性患龋率及龋均均高于男性，性别、刷牙、含氟牙膏及牙线的使用情况是苏州市12岁青少年恒牙龋的危险因素（P<0.05），其中非每日刷牙者相较于每日刷牙2次者OR值高达2.077（1.166~3.700，P=0.013）。 结论 苏州市12岁青少年的恒牙龋病流行水平与我国口腔健康规划目标仍存差距，患龋率高于全国及江苏省平均水平，其患龋情况受到多种因素影响，保持良好的口腔卫生状况十分重要，提示除常规治疗手段外，需加以针对性的干预措施从而降低青少年龋病的严重程度，减少继发龋及新发龋的发生，同时应加强全市口腔健康教育和疾病防控规划，未来需进一步推进以学校和学生为中心的口腔公共卫生干预措施。

关键词: 口腔健康, 龋病, 青少年, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective This work aimed to investigate the oral health status and epidemiological characte-ristics of 12-year-old adolescents in Suzhou city and analyze the influencing factors related to caries. Me-thods　A total of 1 933 12-year-old students from middle schools in 10 urban districts (county-level cities) of Suzhou city in 2024 were selected using multistage stratified equal-capacity random cluster sampling. The participants completed oral examinations and relevant questionnaire surveys. The collected data were organized and analyzed descriptively to depict the current status of oral diseases. After univariate analysis was conducted on the risk factors of permanent tooth caries and through the adjustment of confounding factors, the correlations of risk factors for permanent tooth caries in 12-year-old adolescents were obtained. Results Among the 12-year-old adolescents in Suzhou city, the prevalence of dental caries is as high as 36.6%, with an average caries index of 1.62. The detection rate of gingival bleeding is 61.2%, and that of dental calculus is 65.6%. The prevalence of dental caries varies among different urban areas (county-level ci-ties). The prevalence of dental caries and the average caries index among females are higher than those among males. Gender, tooth brushing, the use of fluoride toothpaste, and dental floss are risk factors for permanent teeth caries among 12-year-old adolescents in Suzhou city (P<0.05). Among them, the odds ratio (OR) value of those who do not brush their teeth daily is as high as 2.077 (1.166-3.700, P=0.013) compared with those who brush their teeth twice daily. Conclusion The prevalence of permanent tooth caries among 12-year-old adolescents in Suzhou city remains short of the target outlined in China's oral health plan, and the prevalence of dental caries is higher than the national and provincial averages in Jiangsu Province. The caries situation is influenced by multiple factors. Therefore, maintaining good oral hygiene is of great significance. This indicates that in addition to conventional treatment methods, targeted intervention measures are needed to reduce the severity of dental caries in adolescents and decrease the occurrence of secondary and new caries. Meanwhile, oral health education, disease prevention, and control planning should be strengthened throughout the city, and public health interventions focusing on schools and students should be reinforced.

Key words: oral health, caries, adolescent, influencing factor

中图分类号: 

  • R780.1

表 1

调查对象的人口学特征"

测量项目人数百分比/%
合计1 933100.0
性别男1 02352.9
女91047.1
民族汉族1 90298.4
少数民族311.6
城乡城1 47276.2
乡46123.8

表 2

苏州市12岁青少年口腔健康状况"

测量项目患龋率/%龋均±标准差牙龈出血牙结石窝沟封闭率/%龋补充填比/%
检出牙数检出率/%检出牙数检出率/%
平均36.61.62±2.004.55±5.8261.24.25±5.5865.615.221.1
性别男34.01.39±1.814.45±5.6460.84.54±5.9068.015.218.1
女39.61.88±2.154.66±6.0161.63.94±5.5362.915.124.4
城乡城36.31.63±1.964.53±5.9060.54.14±5.6064.517.923.0
乡37.51.61±2.114.62±5.5563.34.60±6.1569.06.314.8
城区（县级市）姑苏区31.51.07±1.561.81±3.9344.03.60±5.5461.58.510.5
工业园区27.91.62±1.855.61±5.9973.04.39±6.6963.551.843.2
高新区36.61.56±1.815.91±5.6287.45.43±6.0570.521.321.9
吴中区41.31.78±2.096.30±5.9977.54.20±5.5670.911.318.3
吴江区32.61.21±1.683.96±5.4447.84.12±5.9062.03.810.9
相城区36.01.79±2.163.88±4.8857.74.83±5.6972.019.030.2
昆山40.61.71±1.972.94±5.9536.93.04±4.5156.15.317.1
太仓36.31.94±2.113.01±5.2442.93.88±5.2561.016.534.6
张家港42.41.76±2.266.09±7.0271.24.77±6.4269.64.212.6
常熟42.31.80±2.245.70±5.7070.34.29±4.9268.73.88.2

表 3

苏州市12岁青少年一般情况及膳食情况与恒牙患龋状况"

项目组别卡方检验单因素方差分析
χ2值P值Welch's FP值
是否患龋性别3.5130.061--
是否独生子女2.6100.106--
父亲学历16.8380.032*--
母亲学历13.6690.091--
城区（县级市）15.4330.080--
甜点心及糖果6.7360.241--
甜饮料5.3050.380--
加糖的牛奶、酸奶、奶粉、茶、豆浆、 咖啡1.5540.907--
龋失补牙数性别--24.8850.001**
是否独生子女--0.4140.520
父亲学历--1.1000.333
母亲学历--0.3770.686
城区（县级市）--2.7860.001**
甜点心及糖果--1.7110.130
甜饮料--0.8020.548
加糖的牛奶、酸奶、奶粉、茶、豆浆、 咖啡--0.3220.900

表 4

苏州市12岁青少年口腔健康相关行为和恒牙患龋状况"

项目口腔健康相关行为卡方检验单因素方差分析
χ2值P值Welch's FP值
是否患龋是否刷牙3.7340.049*--
每天刷牙几次10.0270.007**--
是否使用牙膏2.7620.251--
是否使用含氟牙膏12.0720.002**--
是否使用牙线8.5810.035*--
抽烟2.9120.383--
龋失补牙数是否刷牙--0.9080.344
每天刷牙几次--1.0350.358
是否使用牙膏--2.3870.189
是否使用含氟牙膏--1.6060.203
是否使用牙线--2.6860.030*
抽烟--4.7750.105

表 5

苏州市12岁青少年恒牙龋相关危险因素的多因素分析"

项目组别未校正多因素Logistic回归
OR95%CIP值OR95%CIP值
性别男参考
女1.2060.991~1.4670.0611.2441.020~1.5170.031*
城区（县级市）姑苏区参考
工业园区0.8030.522~1.2340.3160.8900.560~1.4150.622
高新区1.1770.764~1.8150.4601.2370.785~1.9480.359
吴中区1.4720.960~2.2570.0761.5300.990~2.3660.056
吴江区1.0470.664~1.6510.8441.0670.673~1.6920.782
相城区1.0870.692~1.7090.7171.1110.700~1.7650.655
昆山1.4140.920~2.1730.1141.5000.956~2.3530.077
太仓1.1770.748~1.8530.4811.2410.769~2.0050.377
张家港1.5351.001~2.3550.0501.6211.048~2.5080.030*
常熟1.3270.850~2.0710.2131.3520.859~2.1280.192
父亲学历初中及以下参考
高中至大专1.1060.872~1.4020.4061.1570.870~1.5400.317
本科及以上0.9420.735~1.2080.6381.0990.769~1.5710.604
母亲学历初中及以下参考
高中至大专0.9930.788~1.2510.9530.9660.728~1.2830.813
本科及以上0.8880.694~1.1350.3430.9590.674~1.3640.816
刷牙是参考
否/偶尔1.6430.988~2.7300.0561.8071.071~3.0500.027*
刷牙频率每日2次参考
每日1次1.2541.019~1.5420.0321.2621.020~1.5620.032*
小于每日1次2.1241.201~3.7570.0102.0771.166~3.7000.013*
使用含氟牙膏是参考
否2.0701.309~3.2750.0021.9331.215~3.0750.005**
不清楚1.4761.126~1.9350.0051.3261.005~1.7490.046*
使用牙线从来不用参考
非每日使用0.7680.628~0.9390.0100.7770.632~0.9540.016*
每日使用0.6270.332~1.1840.1500.6490.340~1.2380.189
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