维生素B12缺乏口腔表征的研究进展

doi:10.7518/gjkq.2019.01.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

维生素B12是一类含有咕啉环的类咕啉化合物,在维持正常造血和神经系统功能中起到关键作用。当血清维生素B12水平低于148 pmol·L ^-1时,即可诊断为维生素B12缺乏,主要由吸收障碍导致。维生素B12缺乏的临床症状表现繁杂,严重的可表现为巨幼细胞贫血、神经系统损害、消化系统损害等症状,也有少数患者临床表现轻微而隐匿,易被忽视。由于维生素B12缺乏所造成的神经系统损害是不可逆的,因此,正确认识维生素B12缺乏症的临床表现对此病的早期诊断和正确治疗具有非常重要的意义。维生素B12缺乏的口腔损害可表现为萎缩性舌炎、复发性阿弗他溃疡、口腔扁平苔藓、灼口综合征等,多早于巨幼细胞贫血和神经系统症状出现,因此维生素B12缺乏患者大多首诊于口腔科。本文就维生素B12缺乏在口腔中的临床表征作一综述,以便于维生素B12缺乏的早发现、早诊断和早治疗。

关键词: 维生素B12缺乏, 口腔疾病, 表征

Abstract:

Vitamin B12 is a cobalt-containing coordination compound and is necessary for normal hematopoiesis and nervous system function. Serum vitamin B12 lower than 148 pmol·L ^-1 would been diagnosed as vitamin B12 deficiency. Malabsorption is the common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency. The clinical features of vitamin B12 deficiency are complicated and vary greatly in severity, with symptoms such as anaemia, neurological features and digestive system damage. However, the clinical manifestations of a few patients are mild and concealed and easy to be ignored. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent neurologic signs, which could be irreversible. Oral signs and symptoms include atrophic glossitis, recurrent aphthos ulcer, oral lichen planus and burning mouth syndrome, which may occur in the absence of symptomatic anaemia or neurological features. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency maybe first visit the department of stomatology. The aim of this review is to summarize oral manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency, so as to facilitate early detection, diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency.

Key words: vitamin B12 deficiency, oral disease, manifestation

中图分类号:

R781.5

陶艳,周瑜,陈谦明. 维生素B12缺乏口腔表征的研究进展[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2019, 46(1): 78-83.

Yan Tao,Yu Zhou,Qianming. Chen. Research progress on oral manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency[J]. Inter J Stomatol, 2019, 46(1): 78-83.

图/表 1

图1

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