Int J Stomatol ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 305-311.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2021050

• Original Articles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of nicotine on the growth of oral bacteria in single or mixed species

Li Shijia(),Chen Qiuyu,Zou Jing,Huang Ruijie()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2020-09-04 Revised:2021-01-12 Online:2021-05-01 Published:2021-05-14
  • Contact: Ruijie Huang E-mail:2210647879@qq.com;ruijmhuang@gmail.com
  • Supported by:
    Research Initiation Fund for Young Teachers of Sichuan University(2016SCU11042);Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Sichuan University(C2019107003)

Abstract:

Objective This work aims to investigate the effect of nicotine on the growth of oral bacteria in single or mixed species. Methods Ten oral bacterial species, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus casei, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, were grown in single or mixed species in the presence of different concentrations of nicotine. The number of bacteria in planktonic state and biofilm state was calculated and used to evaluate the regulation of nicotine on bacterial growth. Results In the most cases of the single-species model, nicotine promotes bacterial growth. However, in the mixed-species model, the nicotine and the presence of other bacteria regulate bacterial growth. The growth of cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans, is significantly more active than that of other bacteria. Conclusion Nicotine increases the caries risk of smokers by shifting the oral flora in favor of caries.

Key words: nicotine, oral microorganism, planktonic bacteria, biofilm bacteria, microbial ecology

CLC Number: 

  • R780.2

TrendMD: 

Tab 1

Specific primers for ten bacteria species"

细菌 序列(5’—3’) 模板链
变异链球菌 正向引物 AGTCGTGTTGGTTCAACGGA
反向引物 TAAACCGGGAGCTTGATCGG
格氏链球菌 正向引物 GCCTTAATAGCACCGCCACT
反向引物 CCATCTCTGTTGTTAGGGCGT
缓症链球菌 正向引物 CATCTCACGGGTTGAAGCCT
反向引物 CCTCGCAGACTAAATTCGCC
口腔链球菌 正向引物 GGCCGTGAGAATGTGATTGC
反向引物 TGTTACAGCCTGACCACCAC
唾液链球菌 正向引物 CTGCTCTTGTGACAGCCCAT
反向引物 ACGGGAAGCTGATCTTTCGTA
血链球菌 正向引物 TCAGCAAATCCCCCAGGTTC
反向引物 AACGGAGTGTCAGCGAAGTT
金黄色葡萄球菌 正向引物 TCAGATGAGCAAGCTTCACCAA
反向引物 TGGCTGTACTGCTGCTATACG
粪肠球菌 正向引物 CGCGAACATTTGATGTGGCT
反向引物 GTTGATCCGTCCGCTTGGTA
干酪乳杆菌 正向引物 AAGAAAGGCTCACTGGTCGG
反向引物 TTTTGGCCCGGATTCGATGA
表皮葡萄球菌 正向引物 CATATGGACCTGCACCCCAA
反向引用 GCAACTGCTCAACCGAGAAC

Fig 1

Growth of 10 species of bacteria after individual planktonic culture for 24 h"

Fig 2

Growth of 10 species of bacteria after mixed planktonic culture for 24 h"

Fig 3

Proportion of 10 species of bacteria after mixed planktonic culture for 24 h with different concentrations of nicotine"

Fig 4

Biofilm formation of 10 species of bacteria after individual culture for 24 h"

Fig 5

Biofilm formation of 10 species of bacteria after mixed culture for 24 h"

Fig 6

Proportion of biofilm of 10 species of bacteria after mixed culture for 24 h with different concentrations of nicotine"

[1] Asplund K. Smokeless tobacco and cardiovascular disease[J]. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 2003,45(5):383-394.
pmid: 12704595
[2] Jiang X, Jiang X, Wang Y, et al. Correlation between tobacco smoking and dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Tob Induc Dis, 2019,17:34.
doi: 10.18332/tid/106117 pmid: 31516477
[3] Aas JA, Paster BJ, Stokes LN, et al. Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2005,43(11):5721-5732.
doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.11.5721-5732.2005
[4] Roberts FA, Darveau RP. Beneficial bacteria of the periodontium[J]. Periodontol 2000, 2002,30:40-50.
pmid: 12236894
[5] Ebersole JL, Steffen MJ, Thomas MV, et al. Smoking-related cotinine levels and host responses in chronic periodontitis[J]. J Periodontal Res, 2014,49(5):642-651.
doi: 10.1111/jre.12146
[6] Shiloah J, Patters MR, Waring MB. The prevalence of pathogenic periodontal microflora in healthy young adult smokers[J]. J Periodontol, 2000,71(4):562-567.
pmid: 10807119
[7] Huang R, Li M, Gregory RL. Effect of nicotine on growth and metabolism of Streptococcus mutans[J]. Eur J Oral Sci, 2012,120(4):319-325.
[8] Huang R, Li M, Ye M, et al. Effects of nicotine on Streptococcus gordonii growth, biofilm formation, and cell aggregation[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2014,80(23):7212-7218.
doi: 10.1128/AEM.02395-14
[9] Li MY, Huang RJ, Zhou XD, et al. Effect of nicotine on dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis[J]. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2014,350(2):125-132.
doi: 10.1111/fml.2014.350.issue-2
[10] Kreth J, Merritt J, Shi W, et al. Competition and coexistence between Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis in the dental biofilm[J]. J Bacteriol, 2005,187(21):7193-7203.
pmid: 16237003
[11] Kreth J, Zhang Y, Herzberg MC. Streptococcal antagonism in oral biofilms: Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus gordonii interference with Streptococcus mutans[J]. J Bacteriol, 2008,190(13):4632-4640.
doi: 10.1128/JB.00276-08
[12] Wen ZT, Yates D, Ahn SJ, et al. Biofilm formation and virulence expression by Streptococcus mutans are altered when grown in dual-species model[J]. BMC Microbiol, 2010,10:111.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-111
[13] Huang R, Zhang J, Yang XF, et al. PCR-based multiple species cell counting for in vitro mixed culture[J]. PLoS One, 2015,10(5):e0126628.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126628
[14] Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB. Dental caries[J]. Lancet, 2007,369(9555):51-59.
pmid: 17208642
[15] Huang R, Li M, Gregory RL. Nicotine promotes Streptococcus mutans extracellular polysaccharide synjournal, cell aggregation and overall lactate dehydrogenase activity[J]. Arch Oral Biol, 2015,60(8):1083-1090.
doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.04.011
[16] Kolenbrander PE, Andersen RN, Blehert DS, et al. Communication among oral bacteria[J]. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, 2002,66(3):486-505.
doi: 10.1128/MMBR.66.3.486-505.2002
[17] Zijnge V, van Leeuwen MB, Degener JE, et al. Oral biofilm architecture on natural teeth[J]. PLoS One, 2010,5(2):e9321.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009321
[1] Chen Yifei,Zhang Binjing,Feng Shuqi,Xu Rui,Yang Shuxian,Li Yuqing. Effects of flavonoids on oral microorganisms and its mechanism [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2023, 50(2): 210-216.
[2] Fan Yu,Cheng Lei. Smoking affects the oral microenvironment and its role in the progression of dental caries [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2021, 48(5): 609-613.
[3] Yang Peipei,Yang Yuchen,Zhang Qiang. Advances in the mechanism and effect of nicotine on alveolar osteoclasts [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2020, 47(5): 616-620.
[4] Zhang Mingshuang,Ba Te,Wang Wenbiao. Research progress on oral microorganisms affect Alzheimer’s disease [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2020, 47(1): 102-108.
[5] Qian Du,Biao Ren,Xuedong Zhou,Xin Xu. The microbial ecology of root caries [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2019, 46(3): 326-332.
[6] Liu Dan, Ren Biao, Cheng Lei.. Research development of silver nanoparticle on prevention and treatment of oral infectious disease [J]. Inter J Stomatol, 2018, 45(4): 408-413.
[7] Liu Shiyu, Tian Mi, Shi Liran, Pan Weilin, Wang Yiyao, Li Mingyun. Effect of nicotine and mecamylamine on growth of periodontal pathogens [J]. Inter J Stomatol, 2017, 44(4): 421-425.
[8] Li Xinyi, Duan Dingyu, Xu Yi.. Bacterial genes and proteins expressed differentially in biofilm and planktonic conditions [J]. Inter J Stomatol, 2013, 40(5): 661-666.
[9] Yang Xiaoqiong1, Zou Jing2.. Researches of oral microbiota associated with early-childhood caries [J]. Inter J Stomatol, 2011, 38(4): 455-459.
[10] CHU Min, LIANG Jing - ping.. Cur r ent Molecular Technologies for Char acter izing Or al Microbial Ecology [J]. Inter J Stomatol, 2007, 34(02): 81-83.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(06): .
[2] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(06): .
[3] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(05): .
[4] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(05): .
[5] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(05): .
[6] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(04): .
[7] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(04): .
[8] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(04): .
[9] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(04): .
[10] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(04): .