Int J Stomatol

Int J Stomatol ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 742-752.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2026602

• Review • Previous Articles    

Research progress of nanoparticles in the prevention of enamel demineralization during orthodontics

Yue Qu(),Huan Jiang,Yue Sun,Chengjing Xu,Min Hu()   

  1. Dept. of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
  • Received:2025-03-26 Revised:2026-01-14 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-08-28
  • Contact: Min Hu E-mail:quyue23@mails.jlu.edu.cn;humin@jlu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Industry Technology Research and Development Project of Jilin Province(2022C043-3)

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Abstract:

Enamel demineralization is a prevalent complication in orthodontic treatment. If not addressed and treated promptly, it will progress to caries formation and negatively affect oral health and function. Therefore, enamel deminera-lization is an urgent problem that needs to be addressed during orthodontic treatment. Nanoparticles (NPs), with their small size and large surface-to-volume ratio, can achieve complete contact with enamel and function effectively, offering advantages in the prevention of enamel demineralization. Therefore, it has become a hot spot in recent years. The mechanism of action of NPs applied to prevent enamel demineralization is either antimicrobial or remineralization, whereas the forms of application include combination with orthodontic devices in the forms of blends, coatings, and carriers. The potential application of different types of NPs in preventing enamel demineralization has been demonstrated widely, but further studies are needed to prove their biosafety and long-term stability. In this paper, we will introduce the classification and application forms of NPs to clarify the existing research results and subsequent research directions of NPs in preven-ting enamel demineralization.

Key words: nanoparticles, enamel demineralization, white spot lesions, orthodontic treatment, orthodontic appliances

CLC Number: 

  • R783.5

TrendMD: 

Tab 1

Classifications of NPs by function and their characteristics, application forms"

功能种类特性应用形式
抗菌金属（银、金）纳米颗粒抗菌性强，但对人体存在潜在的毒副作用混合、涂覆
金属氧化物（氧化锌、二氧化钛）纳米颗粒可介导抗菌光动力疗法混合、涂覆
天然材料（香草醛、壳聚糖）纳米颗粒来源广，毒性低，但易受环境影响，个体间存在差异混合
再矿化羟磷灰石、无定形磷酸钙参与仿生矿化，生物相容性好，但无定形磷酸钙单独存在时不稳定混合
双功能氟化物纳米颗粒预防釉质脱矿的金标准，但可能产生急慢性氟中毒等不良反应混合
生物活性玻璃纳米颗粒单独添加到正畸粘接材料时抗菌效果不明显混合
双功能复合材料合成较复杂，成本高混合、载体

Fig 1

Enamel crystallization processes guided by non-classical crystallization theory"

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