Int J Stomatol

Int J Stomatol ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3): 409-415.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2026122

• Reviews • Previous Articles    

Effect of occlusal forces on food impaction in fixed implant-supported restoration

Jinrun Qian1(),Zhigang Xie1(),Shu Zhang1,Yanan Xu2   

  1. 1.Dept. of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatolgy, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650106, China
    2.Dept. of Periodontology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming 650106, China
  • Received:2025-09-04 Revised:2026-01-21 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-04-24
  • Contact: Zhigang Xie E-mail:584576114@qq.com;13708425039@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Xingdian Talents-Medical and Health Talents Project(XDYC-YLWS-2023-049);Yunnan Province Oral Disease Clinical Medical Research Center Key Project(2022ZD005);Key Joint Special Project of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department and Kunming Medical University(202101AY070001-025)

RichHTML

3

PDF (PC)

20

Abstract:

Food impaction is rather common after fixed implant-supported restorations, and it significantly affects patient satisfaction. Studies have shown that occlusal factors are closely associated with the occurrence of food impaction. Abnormal factors, such as the movement of natural teeth caused by the distribution of occlusal contacts, may directly lead to the appearance of kinetic food impaction. The anterior component of occlusal force may result in the mesial drift of na-tural teeth due to the relatively fixed position of implant restorations, thereby causing static food impaction in dental implants. In this article, the role of occlusion in the pathogenesis of food impaction in natural teeth and implant restorations and the prevention and treatment of food impaction are reviewed to enhance the understanding of clinicians and provide valuable references for the clinical treatment of patients with food impaction.

Key words: food impaction, proximal contact loss, occlusion, fixed implant-supported restoration

CLC Number: 

  • R783.6

TrendMD: 

Fig 1

ABC-type occlusal contact points"

[1] Linkow LI. Contact areas in natural dentitions and fixed prosthodontics[J]. J Prosthet Dent, 1962, 12(1): 132-137.
[2] Chanthasan S, Mattheos N, Pisarnturakit PP, et al. Influence of interproximal peri-implant tissue and prosthesis contours on food impaction, tissue health and patients’ quality of life[J]. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2022, 33(7): 768-781.
[3] Papalexopoulos D, Samartzi TK, Tsirogiannis P, et al. Impact of maxillofacial growth on implants pla-ced in adults: a narrative review[J]. J Esthet Restor Dent, 2023, 35(3): 467-478.
[4] Chopra A, Sivaraman K, Narayan AI, et al. Etiology and classification of food impaction around implants and implant-retained prosthesis[J]. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res, 2019, 21(2): 391-397.
[5] Wright EF. Elimination of a food impaction pro-blem in the posterior maxillary region[J]. J Prosthet Dent, 1993, 69(5): 540-541.
[6] 葛严军, 潘韶霞. 种植固定修复后食物嵌塞的发生原因及防治[J]. 中国实用口腔科杂志, 2024, 17(1): 26-32.
Ge YJ, Pan SX. Causes and prevention of food impaction after fixed im-plant supported restoration[J]. Chin J Pract Stomatol, 2024, 17(1): 26-32.
[7] Byun SJ, Heo SM, Ahn SG, et al. Analysis of proximal contact loss between implant-supported fixed dental prostheses and adjacent teeth in relation to influential factors and effects. A cross-sectional study[J]. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2015, 26(6): 709-714.
[8] Liang CH, Nien CY, Chen YL, et al. The prevalence and associated factors of proximal contact loss between implant restoration and adjacent tooth after function: a retrospective study[J]. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res, 2020, 22(3): 351-358.
[9] Ko KW, Cheng CW, Hsu YJ, et al. A two-year prospective study to compare the peri-implant parameters of posterior implant-supported single crowns with and without mesial proximal contact loss[J]. J Dent Sci, 2024, 19(3): 1673-1679.
[10] Oh WS, Oh J, Valcanaia AJ. Open proximal contact with implant-supported fixed prostheses compared with tooth-supported fixed prostheses: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2020, 30(6): e99-e108.
[11] Sheba M, Floriani F, Nimmo A, et al. Interproximal contact loss between implant restorations and adjacent natural teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Prosthodont, 2024, 33(4): 313-323.
[12] Fathi A, Mosharraf R, Ebadian B, et al. Prevalence of proximal contact loss between implant-supported prostheses and adjacent natural teeth: an umbrella review[J]. Eur J Dent, 2022, 16(4): 742-748.
[13] Stallard H. The anterior component of the force of mastication and its significance to the dental apparatus[J]. Dent Cosm, 1923, 65(5): 457⁃474.
[14] Southard TE, Behrents RG, Tolley EA. The anterior component of occlusal force. Part 2. Relationship with dental malalignment[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 1990, 97(1): 41-44.
[15] Vardimon AD, Beckmann S, Shpack N, et al. Posterior and anterior components of force during bite loading[J]. J Biomech, 2007, 40(4): 820-827.
[16] 王茂夏, 戴冠宇, 孟玉坤. 垂直型食物嵌塞的机制探究[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2018, 45(2): 245-248.
Wang MX, Dai GY, Meng YK. Mechanism of vertical food impaction[J]. Int J Stomatol, 2018, 45(2): 245-248.
[17] 赵喆, 周明, 王青, 等. 邻接紧密型食物嵌塞的发病特点及邻接间隙变化的量化研究[J]. 实用口腔医学杂志, 2022, 38(1): 65-69.
Zhao Z, Zhou M, Wang Q, et al. The characters of food impaction of the teeth with tight proximal contact and quantitative study of the in-terproximal spa-ce change[J]. J Pract Stomatol, 2022, 38(1): 65-69.
[18] Wang HY, Chen H, Tian SK, et al. Quantitative eva-luation of the proximal contact area gap change cha-racterization under intercuspal occlusion by intraoral 3D scanning: food impaction with tight proximal contact[J]. J Esthet Restor Dent, 2024, 36(9): 1258-1266.
[19] 王青, 赵喆, 唐恺, 等. 第二磨牙全冠修复后食物嵌塞的临床分析与邻接紧密型全冠咬合接触的量化研究[J]. 实用口腔医学杂志, 2023, 39(3): 343-347.
Wang Q, Zhao Z, Tang K, et al. Clinical analysis of food impaction and quantitative study of occlusal contact after crown restoration of the second molars[J]. J Pract Stomatol, 2023, 39(3): 343-347.
[20] Zhao Z, Wang Q, Li JL, et al. Occlusal contact cha-racteristics of molar teeth with food impaction: insights from a new digital technique[J]. J Dent, 2024, 147: 105133.
[21] Nicklisch N, Hinrichs C, Palaske L, et al. Variability in human tooth cementum thickness reflecting functional processes[J]. J Periodontal Res, 2024, 59(2): 408-419.
[22] Klinge A, Tranaeus S, Becktor J, et al. The risk for infraposition of dental implants and ankylosed teeth in the anterior maxilla related to craniofacial grow-th, a systematic review[J]. Acta Odontol Scand, 2021, 79(1): 59-68.
[23] Bishara SE, Treder JE, Damon P, et al. Changes in the dental arches and dentition between 25 and 45 years of age[J]. Angle Orthod, 1996, 66(6): 417-422.
[24] Dörfer CE, von Bethlenfalvy ER, Staehle HJ, et al. Factors influencing proximal dental contact streng-ths[J]. Eur J Oral Sci, 2000, 108(5): 368-377.
[25] Ishihara H. Influence of occlusal contacts on tooth displacement[J]. Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi, 2000, 67(4): 310-321.
[26] Satsuma T. Measurement and analysis of upper first premolar movement in six-degree-of-freedom[J]. Nihon Hotetsu Shika Gakkai Zasshi, 1999, 43(2): 344-354.
[27] Oh SH, Nakano M, Bando E, et al. Relationship between occlusal tooth contact patterns and tightness of proximal tooth contact[J]. J Oral Rehabil, 2006, 33(10): 749-753.
[28] Jo DW, Kwon MJ, Kim JH, et al. Evaluation of adjacent tooth displacement in the posterior implant restoration with proximal contact loss by superimposition of digital models[J]. J Adv Prosthodont, 2019, 11(2): 88-94.
[29] Hua W, Tomotake Y, Kan NG, et al. Implant prostheses and adjacent tooth migration: preliminary retrospective survey using 3-dimensional occlusal analysis[J]. Int J Prosthodont, 2008, 21(4): 302-304.
[30] Koori H, Morimoto K, Tsukiyama Y, et al. Statistical analysis of the diachronic loss of interproximal contact between fixed implant prostheses and adjacent teeth[J]. Int J Prosthodont, 2010, 23(6): 535-540.
[31] French D, Naito M, Linke B. Interproximal contact loss in a retrospective cross-sectional study of 4325 implants: distribution and incidence and the effect on bone loss and peri-implant soft tissue[J]. J Prosthet Dent, 2019, 122(2): 108-114.
[32] 徐娟, 方碧松, 马宏, 等. 序列调𬌗法治疗运动型食物嵌塞的临床观察[J]. 华西口腔医学杂志, 2009, 27(6): 626-628, 632.
Xu J, Fang BS, Ma H, et al. Clinical observation of sequential occlusal adjustment for kinetic food impaction[J]. West China J Stomatol, 2009, 27(6): 626-628, 632.
[33] 杨洋, 谭建国. 一步一步做好牙体缺损修复后食物嵌塞的预防和治疗[J]. 中华口腔医学杂志, 2021, 56(8): 821-825.
Yang Y, Tan JG. Prevention and treatment of food impaction after full crown restoration: step by step[J]. Chin J Stomatol, 2021, 56(8): 821-825.
[34] 葛建水, 闻妙仙. 垂直型食物嵌塞调𬌗治疗中选磨顺序与定位的初步探讨[J]. 口腔医学, 2014, 34(1): 76-78.
Ge JS, Wen MX. Preliminary discussion on the order and location of grinding in vertical food impaction treatment[J]. Stomatology, 2014, 34(1): 76-78.
[35] 马毅慧, 郭家平, 王虎中, 等. 咬合主功能区调整对食物嵌塞治疗效果临床观察[J]. 临床口腔医学杂志, 2013, 29(11): 683-685.
Ma YH, Guo JP, Wang HZ, et al. Clinical studies of occlusal adjustment with main founctional zones for food impaction[J]. J Clin Stomatol, 2013, 29(11): 683-685.
[36] 张力, 姚丽娜, 袁玮, 等. 口内扫描在食物嵌塞治疗中的应用[J]. 实用口腔医学杂志, 2022, 38(1): 102-106.
Zhang L, Yao LN, Yuan W, et al. Application of intraoral scanning in the treatment of food impaction[J]. J Pract Stomatol, 2022, 38(1): 102-106.
[37] Varthis S, Tarnow DP, Randi A. Interproximal open contacts between implant restorations and adjacent teeth. Prevalence-causes-possible solutions[J]. J Pro-sthodont, 2019, 28(2): e806-e810.
[38] Shi JY, Zhu Y, Gu YX, et al. Proximal contact alterations between implant-supported restorations and adjacent natural teeth in the posterior region: a 1-year preliminary study[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2019, 34(1): 165-168.
[39] Ren SX, Lin Y, Hu XL, et al. Changes in proximal contact tightness between fixed implant prostheses and adjacent teeth: a 1-year prospective study[J]. J Prosthet Dent, 2016, 115(4): 437-440.
[40] 李卓仑, 武峰, 李琳琳, 等. 邻接紧密型食物嵌塞的发病机制与诊疗技术研究进展[J]. 中华口腔医学杂志, 2019, 54(4): 278-281.
Li ZL, Wu F, Li LL, et al. Etiology and clinical technology of the food impaction with tight proximal contacts[J]. Chin J Stomatol, 2019, 54(4): 278-281.
[41] Wang J, Tang YM, Qiu LX, et al. Influence of buccal emergence profile designs on peri-implant tissues: a randomized controlled trial[J]. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res, 2022, 24(3): 329-338.
[42] Cheng YT, Wang ZJ, Shi Y, et al. Research on the characteristics of food impaction with tight proximal contacts based on deep learning[J]. Comput Ma-th Methods Med, 2021, 2021: 1000820.
[43] Soulami S, Slot DE, van der Weijden F. Implant-abutment emergence angle and profile in relation to peri-implantitis: a systematic review[J]. Clin Exp Dent Res, 2022, 8(4): 795-806.
[44] Dixon DR, London RM. Restorative design and associated risks for peri-implant diseases[J]. Periodontol 2000, 2019, 81(1): 167-178.
[45] Kandathilparambil MR, Nelluri VV, Vayadadi BC, et al. Evaluation of biological changes at the proximal contacts between single-tooth implant-suppor-ted prosthesis and the adjacent natural teeth-an in vivo study[J]. J Indian Prosthodont Soc, 2020, 20(4): 378-386.
[46] 李可冰, 王晓红, 胡万宁. 固定义齿修复后食物嵌塞的原因分析及扩隙树脂修复治疗[J]. 华西口腔医学杂志, 2016, 34(4): 395-397.
Li KB, Wang XH, Hu WN. Cause of food impaction after fixed denture restoration and therapeutic effect of gap expansion and resin repair[J]. West China J Stomatol, 2016, 34(4): 395-397.
[47] Rasperini G, Tavelli L, Barootchi S, et al. Interproximal attachment gain: the challenge of periodontal regeneration[J]. J Periodontol, 2021, 92(7): 931-946.
[48] Bevilacqua L, Lorenzon MG, Bjedov M, et al. Eva-luation of the efficacy of inter-dental brush and dental floss for peri-implant mucositis: a crossover randomized clinical trial[J]. Int J Dent Hyg, 2024, 22(3): 779-788.
[49] AlMoharib HS, AlAskar MH, Abuthera EA, et al. Efficacy of three interdental cleaning methods for peri-implant health maintenance of single implant-supported crowns: a randomised clinical trial[J]. Oral Health Prev Dent, 2024, 22: b4854607.
[50] Qadeer S, Özcan M, Edelhoff D, et al. Accuracy, reliability and clinical implications of static compared to quantifiable occlusal indicators[J]. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent, 2021, 29(3): 130-141.
[1] Meiqing Wang. Juvenile idiopathic condylar resorption may fundamentally represent condylar cartilage degradation associated with pathological remodeling at growth and developmental stage initiated by aberrant occlusion [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2026, 53(2): 145-154.
[2] Yanmei Huang,Xinyi Fang,Xiaoxia Feng. Research progress on maxillary protraction facial mask combined with alternate rapid maxillary expansion and contraction for skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2026, 53(2): 281-290.
[3] Ao Yu,Guangli Han. Development of bone-anchored maxillary protraction for the orthopedic treatment of class Ⅲ malocclusion in growing patients [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2026, 53(1): 19-25.
[4] Rong Li,Qing Zhao. Treatment of adult Class Ⅱ division 2 malocclusion based on temporomandibular joint [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2024, 51(6): 687-698.
[5] Zebin Li,Xin Liu,Meiqing Wang. Development of research on the association between occlusion and body posture [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2024, 51(6): 772-784.
[6] Taoli Zhang,Yanji Gong,Fang Liu,Qinlanhui Zhang,Yang Liu. Association of the degenerative changes of the temporomandibular joint with craniofacial morphology and the internal structures of temporomandibular joint [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2024, 51(5): 642-652.
[7] Xu Shukui,Zhang Shan,Xie Xinyu,Ma Wensheng.. Progress in research into the long-term stability of maxillary protraction therapy in skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2023, 50(6): 646-652.
[8] Wang Luodan,Fan Hong. Morphological characteristics of sella turcica and its relationship with malocclusion [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2023, 50(6): 653-660.
[9] Yang Dongye,Zhu Ping,Wu Shuyi. The influencing factors and clinical significance of tongue position [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2023, 50(6): 723-728.
[10] Zhao Zhihe.. Difficulty assessment of invisible orthodontic treatment based on treatment plan and tooth movement pattern [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2022, 49(4): 373-379.
[11] He Hong.. Clinical diagnosis and strategies for early orthodontic treatment of Class Ⅲ malocclusion with tonsillar hypertrophy in children [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2022, 49(3): 249-254.
[12] Li Ruyi,Luo Feng,Wan Qianbing. Principle and application progress of real-time mandibular motion recording system [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2022, 49(2): 182-189.
[13] Yang Yunqi,Lin Yangyang,Hou Min. Research advances on jaw stability and influencing factors in surgery-first approach [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2022, 49(2): 227-232.
[14] Zhang Shizhen,Lai Wenli. Research progress on maxillary protraction methods and auxiliary maxillary expansion for skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2021, 48(3): 354-361.
[15] Xiao Yuhan,Yu Haiyang. Interproximal open contacts between implant restorations and adjacent teeth [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2020, 47(2): 202-205.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!