Int J Stomatol

Int J Stomatol ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 353-358.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2023026

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Research progress on functionally graded membranes for guided bone regeneration

Xu Yanxue(),Fu Li.()   

  1. Dept. of Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
  • Received:2022-09-08 Revised:2023-02-04 Online:2023-05-01 Published:2023-05-16
  • Contact: Li. Fu E-mail:xuyx20@mails.jlu.edu.cn;fuli1127@jlu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Project of Jilin Province Financial Department(JCSZ2019378-7);Health Department Research Projects of Jilin Province(2019J023);General Program of Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(20200201592JC)

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Abstract:

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a therapeutic modality to achieve bone tissue regeneration by using barrier membranes. As the key part of GBR, barrier membranes can seal the bone defect area, prevent non-osteogenic cell infiltration, and provide a benign environment for bone tissue regeneration. However, the effect of GBR membranes on the market is compromised by their limited bone regenerative potential and deficient antibacterial activity. To achieve the va-rious functional requirements of barrier membranes, many studies have proposed a novel membrane composed of multiple layers with different compositions and structures. This article reviews the research progress on functionally graded membranes and discussed its development directions to provide reference for further research on GBR membranes.

Key words: functionally graded membranes, guided bone regeneration, bone defects

CLC Number: 

  • R 783.1

TrendMD: 

Tab 1

Correlation study of functionally graded membranes for GBR"

参考文献膜材料制作方法膜设计性能缺点
[20]PLCL两步冷冻干燥法

双层设计

致密层：粗糙度为（0.40±0.05） μm

多孔层：粗糙度为（6.84±0.42） μm

缓慢的降解速率，延长屏障作用和促进骨再生作用的时间拉伸强度明显低于对照商用PLGA膜，但也被认为在可接受的范围内
[21]PLGA，nHA相转化法和静电纺丝法

双层结构

PLGA与不同比例的nHA构成不对称的相转化层和疏松的电纺层

电纺层：纤维直径为0.8~1.2 μm

对成纤维细胞有良好的屏障作用；优异的成骨活性大量nHA会降低膜的拉伸强度，破坏PLGA相的连续性
[22]PLGA，Gel，DEX@MSNs，DCH两步静电纺丝法

双层结构

松散的PLGA/Gel/ DEX@MSNs共轭层和致密的DCH/PLGA纳米纤维层

良好的骨诱导潜力，DCH的负载使膜具有有效抗菌能力膜的脆性增加，弹性模量下降
[23]PCL，BG，PU冷冻干燥法

双层结构

无孔PU层和PCL/BG多孔层

多孔层：孔径为22~65 mm，平均直径（37±22） nm

促愈合作用强于纯PU膜，体内实验证实了膜具有良好的生物学相容性未提及
[24]PLGA，MNBG溶剂浇铸法和静电纺丝法

双层结构

PLGA层和MNBG/PLGA纳米纤维层

添加MNBG赋予双层膜生物活性能够自发促进成骨分化40% MNBG/PLGA对细胞增殖有轻微的抑制作用
[25]HA，rGO两步电化学法

双层结构

二维rGO构成的致密层和三维rGO/HA构成的松散层

体内研究证实了膜增强了新骨的形成和矿化；二维rGO膜能够促进血管的生成未提及
[26]PLGA，PLA，Gel，nHA，MET多层静电纺丝技术

三层结构

上层：PLA/Gel+25% MET，纤维直径（960±560） nm

核心层：PLCL层周围包绕着PLCL/PLA/Gel三元混合层

下层：PLA/Gel+10% n-HAP，纤维直径为（650±440） nm

核心层的存在增强了膜的机械性能，n-HAP的加入增强了骨组织面中骨的形成，而MET药物的渗入阻止了软组织面上细菌的定植缺乏对膜的生物降解性和屏障作用的研究
[14]BG，CS，Pluronic F127电化学和冷冻干燥法结合

三层结构

上层：Pluronic F127/CS

中间层：Pluronic F127/CS+25% BG

下层：CS+50% BG，孔径为20~50 μm

具有良好的机械性能和促成骨活性。体内研究证实膜具有良好的生物学相容性未提及
[27]CS，PEO，Si-nHaP静电纺丝法和冷冻干燥法

双层结构

CS/PEO纤维层：孔径（1.8±0.5） μm，纤维尺寸为（107±22） nm

CS/Si-nHap多孔层：孔径177~191 μm，孔隙率为81%~85%

Si-nHap的掺入增强了膜的机械和物理性能，并可以通过浓度的调整控制生物降解性。对成骨细胞的生物活性具有诱导作用未提及
[28]PLGA，Gel，Cur，Asp静电纺丝法

双层结构

上层：负载PLGA-Asp纳米颗粒的胶原膜

下层：负载Cur的胶原膜

促进伤口愈合，持久的抗菌活性，体内实验证实了膜的促骨再生作用未提及
[29]PLGA，Gel，Cu@MSNs两步溶液电解法

双层结构

松散层：平均纤维直径为（10.2±0.5） μm，纤维间距为 400 μm

致密层：平均纤维直径为（96.5±11.8） nm

治疗性Cu2+以受控方式释放，赋予复合支架有效的成骨性能、抗菌性能、促血管生成性能。体内实验证实了支架的促骨再生作用未提及
[30]n-HA，CS，PA6两步法静电纺丝法和溶剂浇铸法相结合

双层结构

n-HA/PA6层和电纺PA6/CS层

电纺PA6/CS层：纤维直径为（160.95±48.28） nm

PA6/CS@n-HA/PA6双层膜：孔隙率和平均孔径分别为 36.90%和22.61 nm

优异的机械性能，抗拉强度和弹性模量优于单一的n-HA/PA6复合支架。同时，支架具有良好的骨传导性未提及
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