国际口腔医学杂志

国际口腔医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 647-656.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2026604

• 数字化口腔医学专栏 • 上一篇    

人工智能赋能机器人外科的现状与挑战

王若普(),郭陟永,花语菲,马中凯,朱桂全,李春洁()   

  1. 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 口腔疾病国家临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院头颈肿瘤外科 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-29 修回日期:2026-01-19 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 李春洁
  • 作者简介:王若普，学士，Email：502619537@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省自然科学基金(2025ZNSFSC0645);四川省卫生健康委员会医学科技项目(24CXTD07);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20231787);四川大学华西口腔医院交叉学科创新项目(RD-03-202309);四川大学华西口腔医院交叉学科创新项目(RD-03-202506)

Artificial intelligence empowering robotic surgery: current status and challenges

Ruopu Wang(),Zhiyong Guo,Yufei Hua,Zhongkai Ma,Guiquan Zhu,Chunjie Li()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2025-04-29 Revised:2026-01-19 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-08-28
  • Contact: Chunjie Li
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2025ZNSFSC0645);Medical Science and Technology Project of Health Commission of Sichuan Province(24CXTD07);Interdisciplinary Innovation Project of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University(RD-03-202309);Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China(GZC-20231787)

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摘要：

手术机器人具有优秀的可操作性与稳定性，机器人辅助手术（RAS）使得外科手术更加精细化、微创化，是外科领域的“第三次技术革命”。近年来人工智能技术发展迅猛，其在RAS中的应用是一大热点，有望进一步提升RAS的效率与安全性。本文综述了人工智能在RAS中的应用现状，系统分析了主流手术机器人系统及AI模型在术中决策辅助、解剖结构识别、手术技能评估、自主式手术中的重要作用。人工智能赋能RAS仍面临诸多挑战，包括手术机器人系统的稳定性和性能的进一步提升、侵权责任认定等。随着跨学科合作的深入、数据安全的保障及伦理框架的完善，人工智能与外科医生的协同合作将成为推动外科手术迈向数智化新时代的关键力量。

关键词: 人工智能, 机器人手术, 自动化, 深度学习

Abstract:

Surgical robots have excellent operability and stability. Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) enhances the precision and minimally invasive nature of surgical procedures, which is the “third technological revolution” in surgery. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has developed rapidly, and its application in robotic surgery is a hot topic, which is expected to enhance the efficiency and safety of RAS. This article summarizes the current application status of AI in robot-assisted surgery and systematically analyzes the important roles of predominant surgical robot systems and AI models in intraoperative decision support, anatomical structure identification, surgical skill evaluation, and autonomous surgery. Enhancing robot-assisted surgery with AI still faces numerous challenges, such as the need for improved stability and performance of surgical robotic systems, and determination of infringement liability. As interdisciplinary cooperation intensifies, data security is ensured, and ethical frameworks are enhanced, the partnership between AI and surgeons will become a pivotal force in promo-ting surgical practices into a new era of digitization.

Key words: artificial intelligence, robotic surgery, automation, deep learning

中图分类号: 

  • TP242.6
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