冲牙器在正畸患者口腔卫生维护中的研究进展

doi:10.7518/gjkq.2025091

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

正畸治疗作为矫治错_畸形的有效方式，可有效提升患者咀嚼和美观功能；但矫治器的各部分装置妨碍了口腔卫生清洁，增大了患者罹患龋病、龈炎和牙周病的风险。冲牙器作为新型的口腔清洁工具，已成为正畸患者口腔清洁的辅助方式之一。本文综述了冲牙器的工作原理及应用情况、正畸患者的口腔卫生特点以及冲牙器在正畸患者口腔卫生清洁中的应用效果，总结发现：冲牙器利用脉冲水流冲击以清洁口腔，可以抑制菌斑的形成和附着，作为辅助清洁方式是有效的，推荐用于邻间刷和牙线不易达到的部位。

关键词: 冲牙器, 正畸, 口腔卫生

Abstract:

Orthodontic treatment is an effective intervention for the correction of malocclusion, contributing to improved masticatory function and facial aesthetics. However, the presence of orthodontic appliances can impede oral hygiene practices and elevate the risk of dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. Oral irrigators, a novel adjunctive oral hygiene tool, have gained popularity among orthodontic patients. This review summarizes the working principles and clinical application of oral irrigators, examines the unique oral hygiene challenges faced by orthodontic patients, and eva-luates the efficacy of oral irrigators in this population. Additionally, future directions for their use are discussed. Evidence suggests that oral irrigators, which employ pulsating water streams to disrupt plaque biofilms, are effective in reducing plaque accumulation and are particularly beneficial in areas that are difficult to access with traditional interdental brushes and dental floss.

Key words: oral irrigator, orthodontics, oral hygiene

中图分类号:

R783.5

温馨雨,周末,丁若邻,任瑞阳,赵志河. 冲牙器在正畸患者口腔卫生维护中的研究进展[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2025, 52(6): 755-763.

Xinyu Wen,Mo Zhou,Ruolin Ding,Ruiyang Ren,Zhihe Zhao. Progress in the study of oral hygiene maintenance for orthodontic patients with oral irrigators[J]. Int J Stomatol, 2025, 52(6): 755-763.

图/表 1

表 1

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年份	研究类型	纳入人群年龄	正畸类型	人数	清洁方式	试验周期	评价指标	有效性	参考文献
2016	RCT	22~28岁	固定	50	①冲牙器+正畸牙刷； ②仅刷牙	84 d	PI、GI、BI	冲牙器+正畸牙刷更有效	[42]
2023	RCT	10~20岁	固定	40	①冲牙器+刷牙； ②仅刷牙	56周	PI、GI、BI	差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）	[43]
2023	RCT	11~15岁	固定	45	①冲牙器+刷牙； ②正畸牙刷； ③普通牙刷	单次使用	PI	差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）	[44]
2019	RCT	＞12岁	固定	50	①电动牙刷+冲牙器+漱口水； ②仅刷牙	28 d	菌斑百分比、GI、BS	电动牙刷+冲牙器+漱口水更有效	[45]
2022	RCT 同口对照	18~35岁	固定	34	①冲牙器+刷牙； ②牙线+刷牙	单次使用	RMNPI	均有效，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）	[46]
2024	RCT	成人	固定	30	①冲牙器+刷牙； ②牙线+刷牙	14 d	BI、PI、GI	均有效，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）	[47]
2023	RCT 交叉试验	成人	固定	17	①冲牙器+刷牙； ②牙线+刷牙	28 d	RMNPI、GBI	牙线更有效，冲牙器仅推荐用于牙线不容易到达的区域	[48]
2022	干预性研究	13~30岁	固定；隐形	50	①固定：正畸牙刷+邻间刷+单束刷； ②隐形：软毛牙刷+牙线； ③84 d后出现致病菌群的个体：电动牙刷+冲牙器	84 d（正畸）+ 84 d（冲牙器干预）	相差显微镜微生物分析	冲牙器结合电动牙刷可恢复有致病菌群受试者的口腔卫生	[49]