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01 July 2016, Volume 43 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Two different invisible incisions in revision of secondary cleft lip deformity Shi Bing Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  371-376.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.001 Abstract ( 857 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF（pc） (25516KB) ( 417 )   Save To improve the outcomes of secondary cleft lip deformity correction, two different invisible incisions, vermilion incision and under-nose incision were designed and compared. It was noted that vermilion incision was quite suitable for prolabial reconstruction, especially for labial peaks adjustment and rebuilding of the anatomic structures including philtrum ridges and fossa. While with under-nose incision, both prolabial and cleft nose deformities could be easily corrected. Both of the invisible incisions could enrich the surgical design inventory and had important value in secondary cleft deformities correction. Related Articles | Metrics

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A case report on submerged deciduous molar combined with horizontally impacted mandibular first premolar Li Xiaobing, Guo Weihua, Huang Shiyan, Xu Shuhao, Rao Nanquan, Zhang Yanggen Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  377-379.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.002 Abstract ( 995 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF（pc） (7230KB) ( 778 )   Save A submerged deciduous tooth, also called an ankylosed tooth, is an ectopic eruption wherein the tooth cannot erupt from the occlusion plane. Normally, the deciduous molar is involved. This article reports a clinical case of a submerged mandibular deciduous first molar combined with horizontally impacted mandibular first premolar. We focus on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this case and provide a discussion by reviewing similar literature. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of the factors about re-examination rate of the patients with cleft palate Guo Chunli, Yin Heng, Li Chenghao, Shi Bing, Zheng Qian Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  380-382.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.003 Abstract ( 688 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (1093KB) ( 536 )   Save Objective In order to improve the rate of re-examination post-cleft repair, analyse the relationship between the factors and reasons for re-examination. Methods Eighty-four post-surgery patients from 2011 March to 2012 August received the treatments in hospital were employed. Nature of data distribution was tested by chi-square test to analyze the relationships between the factors and reasons for re-examination. The improve measures should be taken as follows: take on the standard appointment time, phone call, and enhance health education and etc. To compare the rate of re-examination before and using measures 1 years later. Results No significant differences were found when compared the relationships between the factors and reasons for re-examination including the homes’ address, educational level, economical level and degree of satisfaction about the surgery(P>0.05). Implement improvement measures 1 years later, the rate of re-examination increased by 15.07%. Conclusion There is no internal relationship between the factors and reasons for re-examination. So we could improve the rate of re-examination post-cleft repair by propaganda and education. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study on the clinical effects of two types of nonmetallic post core in defected upper anterior teeth restoration Zhao Qian, Liu Yan Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  383-386.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.004 Abstract ( 668 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (1077KB) ( 679 )   Save Objective This study aims tocompare the clinical effects of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing(CAD/CAM) zirconia ceramic post and glass fiber post in defected upper anterior teeth restoration. Methods Forty upper anterior teeth in patients aged from 18–55 years old, who had been given complete root canal treatment, were randomly selected. Twenty zirconia ceramic posts and 20 glass fiber posts were included in each group. All teeth were restored with CAD/CAM zirconia all-ceramic crowns. The restorations, tooth roots, and periodontal health were evaluated after two years of restoration. Results In the ceramic post group, one case had porcelain breakage, one had post-core fracture, and one had gingival inflammation. In the fiber post group, one case had a loosened post, one had post-core fracture, and two cases had gingival inflammation. Neither fracture of the roots nor periapical pathology was observed in the two groups. The clinical effects of restoration had no significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion No significant difference was found in the stability, resistance to root fracture, and capacity of controlling periodontal and dental pulp diseases between CAD/CAM zirconia ceramic post and glass fiber post. Both approaches can achieve good clinical effects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on chin morphology characteristics in female adolescents with different vertical skeletal craniofacial pattern Li Jing, Fan Yongjie Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  387-390.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.005 Abstract ( 746 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF（pc） (1136KB) ( 700 )   Save Objective This study investigates the chin morphology characteristics in female adolescents with different vertical skeletal craniofacial patterns to provide reference for the early design of chin morphology. Methods Ninety female adolescents were selected randomly. They were divided into the following three groups according to mandibular plane angle: high angle group, average angle group, and low angle group. Cepholagrams were obtained, and cepholametrics was employed. Data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0. Results Statistically significant differences were found in the chin angle, chin curvature, mandibular chin angle, anterior alveolar height, depth of the mentolabial sulcus, thickness of the soft tissue of the chin, UL-Ep, and LL-Ep(P<0.05). In the high angle group, the chin curvature, anterior alveolar height, mandibular chin angle, UL-Ep, and LL-Ep were maximum; and the chin angle, depth of the mentolabial sulcus, and thickness of the soft tissue of the chin were minimal. Conclusion Differences in chin morphology characteristics were found in female adolescents with different vertical skeletal craniofacial pattern. This study should be taken as a reference in orthodontics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study of the radiopacity of four root canal fiber posts Hao Zhichao1, Liu Jiajun2, Lin Shuhong1, Meng Yukun1 Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  391-396.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.006 Abstract ( 1121 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (3713KB) ( 547 )   Save Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of 4 commercially available fiber posts. Methods Three commercially available fiber post systems: RelyX? Fiber Post(RelyX), PARAPOST? FIBER LUX(Parapost), and D.T. Light-Post Illusion X-RO(DT) with a new fiber post Macro-Lock Illusion X-RO(ML) were selected. After endodontic treatment of 20 extracted premolars, the teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups. Then the root canal was prepared using the specific drills according to the manufactures’ instructions. The 4 groups of fiber posts were bonded to the root substrate using the Parabond and luting cement ParaCore. Five cylindrical specimens 2 mm thick were cut from each of 4 groups of fiber posts. Radiographic images of all the specimens along with a standard aluminum step wedge were obtained on an occlusal film. Radiodensity levels were subsequently calculated as equivalents of aluminum thickness. The visual examination of the cross-sectional post surfaces were performed with a scanning electron microscope. Results The new fiber post ML group showed greater radiopacity than other 3 groups, followed by RelyX and DT group. However, the Parapost group demonstrated the lowest optical density. Conclusion Radiopacity of the new ML quartz fiber post is greater than those of the other fiber posts selected. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinic study by rapid canine retraction technique with buccal cortical bone lysis assist custom-made rapid canine retraction device on adult extraction orthodontic patients Li Zhenya, Han Jiansheng, Wang Jun, Ren Weiping, Mei Yuxin, Zhen Yuanhua, Qian Min, Long Fei, Chen Hong Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  397-400.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.007 Abstract ( 856 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (12472KB) ( 460 )   Save Objective To discuss the feasibility and reliability of a rapid canine retraction technique with buccal cortical bone lysis. Methods Thirty adult patients into the treatment plan, the randomized method divided the patients into two groups, 15 patients in each group. The experimental group, buccal cortical bone lysis were performed in meisial site, distal site and vertibular groove of upper and lower canine, then retract the canine with a custom-made rapid canine retractin device. The control group, the conventional treatments for patients with tooth extraction method. Results The mean time of canine retraction of experimental group was 46 d on average. The control group was 165 d, this technique shorten the overall orthodontic treatment time remarkablely. Conclusion Buccal cortical bone lysis can reduce the canine retraction time remarkablely, this technique provide a rapid, feaisible, reliable option for adult extraction orthodontic patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine for children undergoing cleft lip and palate repair surgery Liu Yun, Li Zhenzhen, Yang Xudong Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  401-405.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.008 Abstract ( 902 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF（pc） (1281KB) ( 714 )   Save Objective To observe the preoperative sedation and postoperative agitation effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication on children undergoing cleft lip or palate repair surgery. Methods One hundred and twenty children aged 6 months to 3 years old undergoing elective cleft lip or palate repair surgery were randomly allocated into two groups. Thirty minutes before operation, patients in group A received intranasal placebo(0.9% saline) 0.02 mL·kg-1. Patients in group B received intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 μg·kg-1. The children’s time for falling asleep was observed. The preoperative sedation score, the profile of mood state apart from parents, the receipt score of face mask for anesthesia induction and the postoperative agitation score were evaluated. Results The time for children in group B in falling asleep was (10.52±5.34) min. The preoperative sedation score, the profile of mood state apart from parents, the receipt score of face mask and the postoperative agitation in group B were better than group A(P<0.05). Conclusion Premedication with intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 μg·kg-1 for children undergoing cleft lip or palate repair surgery produces good preoperative sedation and postoperative agitation effects. Related Articles | Metrics

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A case report of root-like enamel pearl Mao Xiaoquan, Meng Yajiao, Li Haifang Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  406-408.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.009 Abstract ( 805 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF（pc） (1548KB) ( 890 )   Save Enamel pearls are generally found in maxillary molars as a small globule of enamel. However, we report here in an enamel pearl exhibiting a prolate spheroid shape and is 1.8 mm wide and 8 mm long. This rare enamel pearl is very long and resembles a dental root. Related Articles | Metrics

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A analysis of nursing cooperation during intentional replantation microsurgery Li Xue, Jia Chunrong, Zhao Xiaoxi Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  409-411.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.010 Abstract ( 864 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF（pc） (1043KB) ( 786 )   Save Objective To discuss the nuring procedure and criteria of intentional replantation(IR) microsurgery.Methods Fourteen cases of apical periodontitis were included according to including criteria. During the surgery, nurse helped the endodotic specialist to finish IR with four-hand operation method. Results The nuring procedure and criteria of IR was established. Thirteen teeth have no periapical symptoms with normal gingival attachment and tooth mobility. One tooth was extracted because of root resorption. Conclusion The effective and qualified nursing cooperation play an important role to enhance the success rate of IR. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on idiopathic condylar resorption Hu Xinxin, Zhu Yaomin, Zheng Cangshang Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  412-416.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.011 Abstract ( 1052 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF（pc） (1161KB) ( 942 )   Save Idiopathic condylar resorption(ICR) is a disease with progressive condylar resorption of unknown reason,which is presented with diminished condylar head volume, decreased ramus height, clockwise-rotated mandible, and progressive anterior openbite. This disease results in the inharmony profile of skeletal Class Ⅱ relationship with high mandibular plane angle. This article reviews the progress on etiology, mechanics, diagnosis, and treatment of ICR in recent years. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on orthodontic adhesive Zhao Zheshan, Qiu Rongmin, Huang Hua Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  417-420.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.012 Abstract ( 720 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF（pc） (1003KB) ( 691 )   Save The success rate of orthodontic treatment depends on a precise design, the skills of the doctor, and the property of the orthodontic adhesive. Satisfactory bonding performance is the guarantee of the treatment. Accordingly, increasing demands are being made on adhesive properties. This review aims to present an overview of common adhesives and the development of bonding materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma Wu Jiashun, Tang Yaling Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  421-427.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.013 Abstract ( 786 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (1103KB) ( 747 )   Save Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma(SACC) is one of the most malignant tumors in salivary adenoid tissue with a feature of perineural invasion, lung metastasis, which grows slowly but easily trends to invasion and has a poor prognosis. In recent years domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of researches about epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) in SACC, for revealing the mechanism of its development, invasion and metastasis and exposing new therapy. This review elucidated the EMT mechanism in SACC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in cleft alveolar repair Xu Xue1, Yang Chao1, Liu Kun1, Huang Ning2, Zheng Qian1, Shi Bing1 Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  428-437.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.014 Abstract ( 894 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF（pc） (1130KB) ( 1226 )   Save Cleft alveolar repair have become to be an important role in cleft treatment procedure. Alveolar bone graft was proposed in the early 20th century, but controversies existed in many issues in alveolar repair. This paper makes a review regarding advances in timing of alveolar repair, implantation materials and surgical methods, and etc. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between Dickkopf 1 and bone destruction Wu Kaiyue, Jin Jing, Xu Chunjiao Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  438-444.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.015 Abstract ( 670 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF（pc） (1106KB) ( 1627 )   Save Dickkopf(DKK) 1 is an important inhibitory factor of the wingless-type mice mammary tumour virus integration site family(WNT) signal transduction pathway. DKK1 binds to the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-5/6 of the WNT receptor to inhibit the signaling pathway. DKK1 is abnormally expressed in osteoporosis,rheumatoid arthritis, multiple myeloma, and periodontitis. DKK1 also plays a significant role in bone metabolism. This review summarizes the research progress on DKK1 and bone destructive diseases to help establish strategies that can inhibit bone destruction and repair bone defects. This review also provides a basis for the development of novel techniques to treat periodontitis and to promote periodontal bone regeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism and treatment of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw Wei Bin, Sun Guowen Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  445-448.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.016 Abstract ( 1424 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF（pc） (1004KB) ( 794 )   Save Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw(BRONJ) is a severe complication that occurs frequently in patients subjected to long-term bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, and other skeletal-related events induced by metastatic malignant diseases, such as breast, prostate, and lung cancers. The development of BRONJ is associated with some risk factors, such as bisphosphonate potency and administration model, dental extraction, and poorfitting dentures. The definition, staging, and treatment guidelines of patients with BRONJ were established by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons in 2007 and then updated in 2009 and 2014. Although BRONJ has been extensively investigated, the pathogenesis of this disease has yet to be fully elucidated, and corresponding treatments have remained controversial. This article briefly introduces new insights into the pathogenesis and treatments of BRONJ. Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulation of external and internal forces on the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells Qiu Jingyi, Wan Lingyun, Zhao Zhihe, Li Juan Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  449-455.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.017 Abstract ( 720 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF（pc） (1101KB) ( 1025 )   Save With advancements in tissue engineering, therapies for osteoarthritis have been developed. Mesenchymal stem cells(MSC) can differentiate into various cell types and be used as an optimum source of cells for tissue engineering to produce an engineered cartilage. However, the efficient and stable stimulation of chondrogenetic differentiation of MSC is a key challenge in cartilage tissue engineering. Further studies have been conducted to investigate mechanical stimulation and to determine the internal and external forces that can stimulate the chondrogenic differentiation of MSC and maintain their phenotypes. This review summarizes the research progress on the effects of internal and external forces on the chondrogenic differentiation of MSC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on molar-incisor hypomineralization Zhou Feng, Zhao Yuming Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  456-461.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.018 Abstract ( 2217 )   HTML ( 38 )   PDF（pc） (1089KB) ( 1495 )   Save Molar-incisor hypomineralization(MIH) is a type of enamel hypomineralization that is defined as hypomineralization of the systemic origin of one or more permanent first molars, which are frequently associated with affected incisors. The prevalence varies largely because of diagnostic criteria, number of people, age, and different countries and regions. To date, the etiology is unknown, but MIH is generally related to systemic conditions or environment during the child’s first three years and now also considered related to genetics. The main clinical manifestations are color change, enamel breakdown, caries susceptibility, hypersensitivity, and early loss. The most appropriate treatment method should be selected based on the developmental stages of affected teeth and severity. Additional attention should also be given to hypersensitivity and behavior management problem. This article aims to review the prevalence, etiology, characteristic features, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of MIH. Related Articles | Metrics

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Interaction of autophagy and inflammation in periodontitis Ren Jingyi1, Liu Xinchan1, Ding Ye1, Yu Hongqiang1, Zhou Yanmin1, Yu Weixian2 Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  462-467.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.019 Abstract ( 2287 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF（pc） (1097KB) ( 1308 )   Save In autophagy, damaged proteins, organelles, and nutrients are transported to lysosomes for degradation, elimination, and recycling. This process is a highly conserved mechanism among eukaryotic cells. Inflammation is a vital protective host response to tissue damage and pathogenic infection. However, excessive inflammation can cause tissue damage and diseases. Autophagy inhibits the assembly of inflammasomes by degrading endogenous stimuli, including DNA and reactive oxygen species. This process also controls interleukin(IL)-1β secretion by targeting pro-IL-1β for degradation. Periodontal pathogens destroy periodontal tissues through the interaction of Toll-like receptor(TLR) with various components, such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and bacterial DNA. As a consequence, inflammatory cells are recruited and inflammatory cytokines are released. In local periodontal tissues, TLR or nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor activates innate immune responses, induces autophagy-related pathways, and recognizes pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns. Autophagy can also influence inflammatory responses by negatively regulating TLR signals. This review focuses on recent progress in the mutual regulation of autophagy and inflammation. This review also describes the potential relations between autophagy and periodontitis to elucidate disease pathogenesis and to develop new therapies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanisms of the transcript factor Snail during palatogenesis Li Hongyu, Huang Hongzhang Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  468-472.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.020 Abstract ( 705 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF（pc） (1143KB) ( 453 )   Save Snail is involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation(EMT), programmed cell death(PCD), and medial epithelial seam(MES) cell migration during palatogenesis. The Snail expression becomes upregulated without inhibiting transforming growth factor(TGF)-β3 and causes cleft palate. Snail gene-encoding transcript factors, namely, Snail1, Snail2, and Snail3, can combine with the promoter of E-cadherin and inhibit its expression; these factors then induce EMT during embryogenesis and tumor metastasis. Snail is also a critical factor of MEE/MES cell survival and cell migration. MicroRNA(miRNA) are another important factor in embryogenesis. Variation in the expression pattern and mRNA binding sites of miRNA can lead to craniofacial anomalies. This review introduces the structure, functions, and expression of Snail during palatogenesis. This review also discusses the relation of Snail to EMT, PCD, and cell survival during the disappearance of MEE/MES. This review also describes the mechanisms by which miRNA regulate Snail to control the disappearance of MEE/MES. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of erbium laser to treat periapical diseases Ju Yingxin, Liu Luchuan Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  473-476.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.021 Abstract ( 857 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (1078KB) ( 767 )   Save Erbium laser is applied to hard tissues. In erbium laser application, a large amount of energy is absorbed by the irradiated tissue, and incident energy is almost non-residual. This process prevents excessive energy accumulation and thermal damage to the surrounding tissues of the irradiated area. The cleaning and shaping of a root canal are important processes in root canal treatment. After a root canal is prepared by using an erbium laser, a smear layer is not formed on the canal wall, and the dentinal tubule is opened. Erbium laser irradiation combined with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid or sodium hypochlorite can effectively remove the smear layer, clean the root canal, and open the dentin tubule. Bacterial infection is the main pathogenic factor of periapical diseases. Erbium laser irradiation combined with traditional methods elicits good sterilization effect. When root canal treatment is unsuccessful, apicoectomy is commonly performed to treat periapical diseases. After apicoectomy is conducted using an erbium laser, a smooth, clean, and carbon-free surface is formed in the resection area. This process also results in minimal tissue trauma. Wound healing and apical sealing are also efficient. Erbium laser irradiation requires appropriate energy parameters and thus can avoid damage to periapical tissues. Low energy application via erbium laser irradiation can create good conditions for the adhesion of fiber stem cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Roles of transforming growth factor-β superfamily in dentinogenesis Chen Jinhuan, Sun Jianxun, Chen Xinmei Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  477-481.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.022 Abstract ( 718 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF（pc） (1132KB) ( 562 )   Save Transforming growth factor(TGF)-β superfamily is a group of essential growth factors involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. TGF-β, bone morphogenetic protein(BMP), growth differentiation factor(GDF), activin(ACT), inhibin and so on, share a set of similar spatial structures of proteins. Dentin, as the important supportive part of tooth structure, is formed with mineralized matrix, which secreted by odontoblasts. During dentin formation, TGF-β1 participates in the regulation of matrix formation, mineralization, and the odontoblasts arrangement; BMP involved in the adjustment of many transcription factors’ expression and mediated epithelialmesenchymal interaction in dentification; while GDF play roles in periodontal development and ACT regulates cell metabolism, inmmune response, damage repairment and so on. This article reviewed the advances on the roles of TGF-β superfamily in dentinogenesis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on muscle reconstruction in palatoplasty Xiao Yin, Zhen Qian Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  482-485.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.023 Abstract ( 679 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF（pc） (1003KB) ( 541 )   Save Cleft palate is one of the common congenital anomalies in the craniofacial region. This anomaly affects multiple functions including food intake, speech, and hearing. Reconstruction of the palatal muscle can improve the velopharyngeal function, speech, and hearing. At present, most surgeons recognize velar muscle reconstruction as an indispensable step in palatoplasty. However, the degree of palatal muscle dissection, as well as the methods of palatal muscle reconstruction and their relationship with velopharyngeal function, speech, and hearing, all remain unclear. In this paper, present a comprehensive review of the above issues. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the potential use of gingival crevicular blood for finger stick blood screening in patients with diabetes mellitus Wu Juan, Yao Min, Sun Weibin Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  486-489.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.024 Abstract ( 661 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF（pc） (1006KB) ( 571 )   Save The finger stick blood(FSB) and the gingival crevicular blood(GCB) of patients with diabetes and periodontitis are highly consistent in blood glucose concentration, as well as the glycosylated hemoglobin(GHbA1c) level in GCB and FSB. The incidence of diabetes accounts for about two-thirds of people with periodontal diseases. However, diabetes mellitus is not diagnosed in many patients suffering from periodontal diseases. Dental clinics might perform periodic treatment of oral diseases, but a dental hospital is an important place for diabetes screening. Regular screening for diabetes mellitus is crucial for early diagnosis and preventive intervention. Periodontists may encounter an increasing number of patients who have not been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in the regular periodontal maintenance. To optimize the therapeutic effects, early diagnosis and intervention can prevent the development of complications and help in developing treatment programs. Periodontal probing is one of the most important and common diagnostic methods for periodontitis. GCB can be collected as a source to analyze the levels of blood glucose and GHbA1c. Compared with the conventional use of FSB, GCB provides more advantages because it is minimally invasive, simple, accurate, timely, and safe. Can avoid to use the FSB acupuncture when testing blood sugar levels take blood cumbersome operation, fear and pain in patients with significant defects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on root surface area measurement Wang Tong, Wan Qianbing Inter J Stomatol. 2016, 43 (4):  490-494.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.025 Abstract ( 831 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF（pc） (1082KB) ( 1142 )   Save As a layer of dense connective tissues attached to the root surface, periodontal ligament performs numerous biological functions, such as supporting dentition and adjusting biting force. The accurate measurement of periodontal ligament area can help dentists perform the prognosis of teeth suffering from periodontitis and establish effective treatment plans for missing teeth. The measurement of root surface area is an alternative method to determine the periodontal ligament area. The root surface area can be measured by using various techniques, such as membrane technique, image segmentation, weight conversion, 3D laser scanning, and CT reconstruction and precision. This article aims to review the development of various methods used to measure root surface area and their advantages, disadvantages, and potential clinical applications. Related Articles | Metrics