国际口腔医学杂志

国际口腔医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 742-752.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2026602

• 综述 • 上一篇    

纳米颗粒在预防正畸釉质脱矿中的应用进展

屈玥(),姜欢,孙月,徐丞靖,胡敏()   

  1. 吉林大学口腔医院正畸科 长春 130021
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-26 修回日期:2026-01-14 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 胡敏
  • 作者简介:屈玥，硕士，Email：quyue23@mails.jlu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省产业技术研究与开发项目(2022C043-3)

Research progress of nanoparticles in the prevention of enamel demineralization during orthodontics

Yue Qu(),Huan Jiang,Yue Sun,Chengjing Xu,Min Hu()   

  1. Dept. of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
  • Received:2025-03-26 Revised:2026-01-14 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-08-28
  • Contact: Min Hu
  • Supported by:
    Industry Technology Research and Development Project of Jilin Province(2022C043-3)

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摘要：

釉质脱矿是正畸治疗中最常见的并发症之一，如未及时干预和处理，可进展形成龋齿，进而影响口腔健康和功能。因此，釉质脱矿是正畸治疗过程中亟待解决的问题。纳米颗粒（NPs）因体积小，表面体积比大，可与釉质充分接触，从而高效地发挥作用，在釉质脱矿的预防中具有显著优势，成为近年来的研究热点。NPs预防釉质脱矿的作用原理主要为抗菌或再矿化，其应用形式包括以混合、涂覆或载体等形式与正畸矫治器结合。不同类型的NPs在预防釉质脱矿方面的应用潜力已得到证实，但仍需进一步研究以明确其生物安全性、长期稳定性等问题。本研究从NPs的分类、应用形式等方面展开介绍，以梳理NPs在预防釉质脱矿方面的研究进展，探讨后续的研究方向。

关键词: 纳米颗粒, 釉质脱矿, 白垩斑, 正畸治疗, 正畸矫治器

Abstract:

Enamel demineralization is a prevalent complication in orthodontic treatment. If not addressed and treated promptly, it will progress to caries formation and negatively affect oral health and function. Therefore, enamel deminera-lization is an urgent problem that needs to be addressed during orthodontic treatment. Nanoparticles (NPs), with their small size and large surface-to-volume ratio, can achieve complete contact with enamel and function effectively, offering advantages in the prevention of enamel demineralization. Therefore, it has become a hot spot in recent years. The mechanism of action of NPs applied to prevent enamel demineralization is either antimicrobial or remineralization, whereas the forms of application include combination with orthodontic devices in the forms of blends, coatings, and carriers. The potential application of different types of NPs in preventing enamel demineralization has been demonstrated widely, but further studies are needed to prove their biosafety and long-term stability. In this paper, we will introduce the classification and application forms of NPs to clarify the existing research results and subsequent research directions of NPs in preven-ting enamel demineralization.

Key words: nanoparticles, enamel demineralization, white spot lesions, orthodontic treatment, orthodontic appliances

中图分类号: 

  • R783.5

表 1

纳米颗粒按功能分类及其特性、应用形式"

功能种类特性应用形式
抗菌金属（银、金）纳米颗粒抗菌性强，但对人体存在潜在的毒副作用混合、涂覆
金属氧化物（氧化锌、二氧化钛）纳米颗粒可介导抗菌光动力疗法混合、涂覆
天然材料（香草醛、壳聚糖）纳米颗粒来源广，毒性低，但易受环境影响，个体间存在差异混合
再矿化羟磷灰石、无定形磷酸钙参与仿生矿化，生物相容性好，但无定形磷酸钙单独存在时不稳定混合
双功能氟化物纳米颗粒预防釉质脱矿的金标准，但可能产生急慢性氟中毒等不良反应混合
生物活性玻璃纳米颗粒单独添加到正畸粘接材料时抗菌效果不明显混合
双功能复合材料合成较复杂，成本高混合、载体

图 1

非经典结晶理论指导的釉质结晶过程A、B：钙磷离子聚集形成ACP；C：釉原蛋白稳定钙磷离子成簇状结构；D：釉原蛋白引导ACP定向形成束状羟磷灰石；E：成熟后形成釉柱。"

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