基于半导体激光的口腔修复软组织管理的临床策略

doi:10.7518/gjkq.2025078

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

口腔修复软组织管理是决定修复体功能与美学效果的关键，其中固定修复涉及排龈、牙龈修整及牙冠延长术；在活动修复中主要强调微创系带修整与前庭沟成形；而种植修复则侧重于种植二期手术、软组织塑形及种植体周围炎的治疗。半导体激光具有独特的生物效应，能与口腔软组织发生相互作用，展现出显著的修复临床优势。相较于传统机械切割或电刀手术，半导体激光能减少术中出血、减轻术后疼痛并缩短愈合时间，从而提升患者舒适度与修复效果。通过深入了解半导体激光在口腔修复软组织中的应用原理和临床效果，能进一步优化治疗方案，提高治疗效果，为患者提供更加安全、舒适和高效的口腔修复治疗。本综述旨在解释半导体激光的基本原理、生物效应及其与口腔软组织的相互作用，并介绍其在口腔修复软组织管理中治疗模式和策略的选择，推动半导体激光在口腔修复中的广泛应用。

关键词: 半导体激光, 口腔修复, 软组织管理, 光热效应

Abstract:

Soft tissue management is a critical aspect in prosthodontics. It includes revision and contouring of gingival, mucosal, ligament, and peri-implant soft tissues. Diode laser, as an efficient and precise minimally invasive tool, demonstrates significant advantages in soft tissue management. It interacts with oral soft tissues by emitting photon energy to achieve precise cutting, hemostasis, and tissue contouring, as well as to promote healing and anti-inflammatory effects. Compared with traditional mechanical cutting or electrosurgery, diode laser can reduce intraoperative bleeding, postoperative pain, complications, and healing time, thereby improving patient comfort and restorative outcomes. This article reviews the basic principles and biological effects of diode laser in oral soft tissue management and provides a detailed overview of parameter selection and clinical strategies in prosthodontics.

Key words: diode laser, prosthodontics, soft tissue management, photothermal effect

中图分类号:

Q631

邹浩南,王琪. 基于半导体激光的口腔修复软组织管理的临床策略[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2025, 52(4): 436-442.

Haonan Zou,Qi Wang. Clinical strategies of diode laser in prosthodontic soft tissue management[J]. Int J Stomatol, 2025, 52(4): 436-442.

图/表 1

表 1

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修复类型	治疗目标	参数选择	参考文献
固定修复	精准暴露预备体边缘，重塑牙龈形态	波长：810~980 nm，连续波模式；功率：0.8~1.5 W	[33-35]
活动修复	改善义齿固位与稳定，增强适应性	波长：810~980 nm，连续波模式；功率：1.5~2.5 W	[36-38]
种植修复	维持种植体周围的健康，改善美观效果	波长：450~980 nm，连续波或脉冲模式；功率：1~2 W（连续波），0.1~1 W（脉冲）	[39-42]

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