Int J Stomatol

Int J Stomatol ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (6): 915-924.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2026626

• Review • Previous Articles    

Pathological mechanism of alveolar bone defect and repair in diabetic periodontitis

Liying Yang(),Maola Reziwanguli,Ronghui Zhang,Wei Fang,Chong Chen()   

  1. Dept. of Stomatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
  • Received:2025-08-27 Revised:2026-05-07 Online:2026-11-01 Published:2026-10-29
  • Contact: Chong Chen E-mail:1390382131@qq.com;947545398@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022D01C316)

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Abstract:

A significant bidirectional relationship exists between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Patients with diabetic periodontitis exhibit worsened alveolar bone defects and significantly impaired bone regeneration and repair capacity. The precise mechanism through which the synergistic action of hyperglycemia and chronic periodontal inflammation disrupts bone repair remains incompletely elucidated. This review summarizes recent research advances in the pathological mechanisms underlying alveolar bone resorption and impaired repair in diabetic periodontitis, focusing on three interconnected core pathological pathways: dysregulation of the immune microenvironment, disruption of osteoblast-osteoclast homeostasis, and oxidative stress coupled with the activation of multiple programmed cell death pathways. A deepened understanding of these complex mechanisms and their interactions is crucial for elucidating the distinct pathophysiology of bone defects in diabetic periodontitis and providing a theoretical foundation to develop novel bone regeneration strategies targeting critical molecular mechanisms.

Key words: diabetes mellitus, periodontitis, alveolar bone defect, bone repair, inflammatory mediators, pathological mechanism

CLC Number: 

  • R781.4

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