Int J Stomatol

Int J Stomatol ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 513-518.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2024095

• Expert Forum •     Next Articles

Treatment and precautions for oral diseases during lactation

Changchang Ye1(),Shu Meng1,Xiaoli Wang2,Ping Huang1   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education & Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2024-02-12 Revised:2024-08-10 Online:2024-09-01 Published:2024-09-14

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Abstract:

Lactation is a special physiological period after delivery. Breast milk is the only source of nutrition for newborns. Any medication taken by the mother may enter the breast milk and have side effects on newborns. Dentists must determine the correct treatment timing and master the guidelines of medication during breastfeeding. This article summari-zes the timing, safety medication, anesthesia, and imaging examination of dental treatment during lactation. It aims to provide an improved solution for treating oral diseases during lactation.

Key words: lactation, breastfeeding, dental treatment, neonate

CLC Number: 

  • R780.1

TrendMD: 

Tab 1

Plasma half-life time and clearance"

半衰期12345678
药物清除率/%50.0075.0087.5093.7096.8898.4499.2299.61

Tab 2

Drug safety level L during breastfeeding"

分级安全性口腔治疗中可能涉及的药物
L1没有证实对新生儿有危害或甚微阿莫西林、对乙酰氨基酚
L2有危险性的证据很少阿昔洛韦、甲硝唑、卡马西平
L3有很轻微的、非致命性的不良反应，只有在权衡对产妇及婴儿的利大于弊后方可应用阿司匹林、四环素类、地塞米松、氟化物、碘制剂
L4有明确的危害性证据利巴韦林
L5禁用—

Tab 3

Safety analysis of commonly used oral medications during lactation"

口腔治疗常用药物L分级M/P（%）半衰期不良反应用药建议
对乙酰氨基酚L1812~3 h未发现相关报道安全
布洛芬L12.52~8 h未发现相关报道安全
阿莫西林L11~44~5 h有婴儿出现腹泻和皮疹的报道权衡利弊
甲硝唑L2368~12 h母乳异味慎用
碘甘油、聚维酮碘（碘制剂）L327数月抑制婴儿甲状腺功能慎用
米诺环素（四环素类）L30.3~1.46~11 h抑制婴儿骨骼生长，牙齿染色禁用
氯己定（黏膜消毒）L2<12 h未发现相关报道安全
利巴韦林L4不详数周对母体和子代均有毒性作用禁用
卡马西平L210~501~3 d未发现相关报道安全

Tab 4

Rationality analysis of commonly used local anesthetics in the oral cavity during lactation"

药物名称分级M/P（%）不良反应安全性
盐酸利多卡因注射液L2<1未发现相关报道安全
阿替卡因肾上腺素注射液（必兰）L2<1未发现相关报道慎用
丁卡因（表面麻醉）L2<1婴儿出现变态反应慎用
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