Int J Stomatol

Int J Stomatol ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3): 317-327.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2026216

• Digitization • Previous Articles    

Comparative study on the accuracy of designing the occlusal surface of mandibular first molar based on three different digital methods

Shenyao Shan1(),Qingzhao Qin2,Wenbo Li1,Zixiang Gao2,Aonan Wen2,Yujia Zhu2,Yong Wang2,Yijiao Zhao1()   

  1. 1.Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
    2.Center of Digital Dentistry/Department of Prosthodontics/Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology (Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences) & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2024-11-18 Revised:2025-10-11 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-04-24
  • Contact: Yijiao Zhao E-mail:shenyaoshan@stu.pku.edu.cn;kqcadcs@bjmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2022YFC2405401);Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L232100);National Natural Science Foundation of China(82271039)

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Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to compare the accuracy of trajectory-based personalized parameters from a fully adjustable articulator, mandibular movement trajectories, and dynamic jaw relationships. These components were evaluated to guide the design of a mandibular first molar prosthesis. The occlusal surface of the prosthesis was digitally designed through model experiments. Methods A total of 12 volunteers (4 males and 8 females) meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited, with a mean age of 29.5 years. The 3Shape Trios 3 intraoral scanner was used to obtain the ma-xillary and mandibular three-dimensional dental models of the subjects. It was also utilized to apply the patient-specific motion function for capturing the dynamic jaw relationships during protrusive, left lateral, and right lateral movements. The Zebris JMA Optic and ModjawTM mandibular movement analysis systems were also used to similarly capture the mandibular movement trajectories during the protrusive, left lateral, and right lateral movements of the subjects. Perso-nalized parameters corresponding to the fully adjustable articulator were obtained based on the mandibular movement trajectories recorded by the Zebris JMA Optic system. The mandibular first molar in the original model was virtually prepared following the occlusal veneer tooth preparation standard using reverse engineering software to obtain the mandibular working model. The occlusal surfaces of the occlusal veneers for the mandibular first molar were digitally designed with the help of fully adjustable articulator parameters (Articulator group), mandibular movement trajectories (JMA group, Modjaw group), and dynamic jaw relationships (PSM group) in the prosthetic design software. The occlusal surface morphology of the prosthesis designed by different methods was analyzed for deviation with the occlusal surface morphology of the original natural tooth of the subjects through reverse engineering software. The occlusal surface accuracy of the prosthesis designed by different methods was compared using several metrological indicators. Results The intergroup differences in average positive deviation among the Articulator, JMA, Modjaw, and PSM groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Meanwhile, the intergroup differences in average negative deviation, average de-viation, and root mean square were statistically significant (P<0.05). The average negative deviation in the Articulator group (-96.2±15.8) μm was greater than that in the JMA group (-160.1±44.4) μm, the Modjaw group (-141.6±33.2) μm, and the PSM group (-233.6±28.5) μm. The average deviation in the Articulator group (172.5±113.0) μm was greater than that in the JMA group (19.2±132.6) μm, the Modjaw group (70.3±121.3) μm, and the PSM group (-66.8±129.1) μm. Notably, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The occlusal surface morphology of the mandibular first molar prosthesis designed with the trajectory-based personalized parameters from a fully adjustable articulator, mandibular movement trajectories, and dynamic jaw relationships differed from the occlusal surface morphology of the original natural tooth. Compared with the fully adjustable articulator parameters, the occlusal surface of the prosthesis designed with mandibular movement trajectories and dynamic jaw relationships were more effective in removing occlusal interference.

Key words: fully adjustable articulator, mandibular movement trajectory, dynamic jaw relationship, computer-aided design, occlusal surface

CLC Number: 

  • R783

TrendMD: 

Fig 1

Range of mandibular movement of PSM"

Fig 2

Construction of a virtual preparation model for mandibular first molar"

Fig 3

The process of designing the occlusal surfaces of tooth 46 occlusal veneer restorations by different digital methods"

Fig 4

Acquisition of reference area and test area"

Fig 5

Three-dimensional morphological deviation of occlusal veneers designed by 4 methods from the occlusal surface of natural tooth"

Tab 1

Results of measurement indicators of prosthesis in Articulator, JMA, Modjaw and PSM groups compared to occlusal surface of natural tooth"

组别+AVG-AVGAVGRMS
Articulator249.1（117.2）-96.2±15.8172.5±113.0279.2（137.6）
JMA210.4（163.2）-160.1±44.419.2±132.6247.3（132.3）
Modjaw225.2（137.2）-141.6±33.270.3±121.3239.7（114.7）
PSM199.1（177.5）-233.6±28.5-66.8±129.1267.6（69.3）

Fig 6

Pairwise comparisons between Articulator, JMA, Modjaw and PSM groups"

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