糖尿病牙周炎牙槽骨缺损与修复的病理机制

doi:10.7518/gjkq.2026626

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

糖尿病与牙周炎之间存在双向促进关系。糖尿病牙周炎患者牙槽骨缺损严重，骨再生修复能力受损。目前，高糖环境与慢性牙周炎症协同作用影响骨缺损修复的具体机制尚未完全阐明。本文综述糖尿病牙周炎状态下天然牙牙槽骨吸收与修复障碍的病理机制研究进展，重点聚焦于免疫微环境失衡、成骨-破骨平衡失调以及氧化应激与细胞死亡途径激活方面，探讨这些复杂机制及其相互作用，阐明糖尿病牙周炎骨缺损的病理本质，为开发针对关键靶点的新型骨修复策略提供理论基础。

关键词: 糖尿病, 牙周炎, 牙槽骨缺损, 骨修复, 炎症介质, 病理机制

Abstract:

A significant bidirectional relationship exists between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Patients with diabetic periodontitis exhibit worsened alveolar bone defects and significantly impaired bone regeneration and repair capacity. The precise mechanism through which the synergistic action of hyperglycemia and chronic periodontal inflammation disrupts bone repair remains incompletely elucidated. This review summarizes recent research advances in the pathological mechanisms underlying alveolar bone resorption and impaired repair in diabetic periodontitis, focusing on three interconnected core pathological pathways: dysregulation of the immune microenvironment, disruption of osteoblast-osteoclast homeostasis, and oxidative stress coupled with the activation of multiple programmed cell death pathways. A deepened understanding of these complex mechanisms and their interactions is crucial for elucidating the distinct pathophysiology of bone defects in diabetic periodontitis and providing a theoretical foundation to develop novel bone regeneration strategies targeting critical molecular mechanisms.

Key words: diabetes mellitus, periodontitis, alveolar bone defect, bone repair, inflammatory mediators, pathological mechanism

中图分类号:

R781.4

杨丽莹,热子玩姑丽·毛拉,张荣慧,方伟,陈冲. 糖尿病牙周炎牙槽骨缺损与修复的病理机制[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2026, 53(6): 915-924.

Liying Yang,Maola Reziwanguli,Ronghui Zhang,Wei Fang,Chong Chen. Pathological mechanism of alveolar bone defect and repair in diabetic periodontitis[J]. Int J Stomatol, 2026, 53(6): 915-924.

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