国际口腔医学杂志

国际口腔医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 216-224.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2026219

• 论著 • 上一篇    

贵州省惠水地区成人牙齿缺失情况调查及影响因素分析

刘伟1,2(),杨广良1,杨静3,甘守艳1,罗丽娟1,张鎏1,国威1,黄咏喻2,罗宝2   

  1. 1.贵州省惠水县人民医院口腔科 惠水 550600
    2.广州市荔湾中心医院口腔科 广州 510000
    3.贵阳市口腔医院口腔修复科 贵阳 550000
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-04 修回日期:2025-08-25 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-02-13
  • 通讯作者: 刘伟
  • 作者简介:刘伟，副主任医师，硕士，Email：lwdentist@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省卫生健康委2024年科学技术基金(gzwkj2024-449)

Investigation and analysis of influencing factors for adult tooth loss in Huishui County, Guizhou Province

Wei Liu1,2(),Guangliang Yang1,Jing Yang3,Shouyan Gan1,Lijuan Luo1,Liu Zhang1,Wei Guo1,Yongyu Huang2,Bao Luo2   

  1. 1.Dept. of Stomatology, Huishui County People’s Hospital, Guizhou Province, Huishui 550600, China
    2.Dept. of Stomatology, Liwan Central Hospital, Guangzhou 510000, China
    3.Dept. of Prosthodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, Guiyang 550000, China
  • Received:2024-12-04 Revised:2025-08-25 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-02-13
  • Contact: Wei Liu
  • Supported by:
    Guizhou Provincial Health Commission’s 2024 Science and Technology Fund(gzwkj2024-449)

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摘要：

目的 调查在布依族、苗族聚集的贵州省黔南州惠水县成人牙齿缺失情况及其影响因素，识别危险因素，以便进行牙齿缺失的早期防治，降低发病风险。 方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法，在布依族、苗族聚集的惠水地区共选取成人4 216名，检查其口腔缺失牙情况，并进行问卷调查，采用单因素分析、多因素Tamhane’s T2分析以及多因素Logistic回归分析对调查结果进行统计分析。 结果 共调查4 216人，其中男1 594 人，女2 622人，年龄18~93岁，平均50.5岁。共计缺牙7 214颗，缺失牙比例31.45%，人均缺牙数1.7颗，缺牙义齿修复率32%。单因素分析显示：年龄、民族、学历、职业、家庭月收入、吸烟、刷牙时长及次数、饮酒、锻炼时长与次数、看电子产品时长、饮食中酸、麻、辣及清淡、糖尿病、高血压、心脏病对牙齿缺失有影响。多因素分析表明：苗族、高中及大学以上学历的居民、月收入8 000元以上跟牙齿缺失呈负相关；80岁以上、务农、吸烟量（日）>40支、吸烟年数>20年、从来不刷牙、每次刷牙时长<1 min、每天喝酒、日看电子产品时长<2 h、从不参与锻炼、户外锻炼>4 h/d、糖尿病、高血压、心脏病对比组内其他因素，其牙齿缺失更严重。多因素Logistic回归分析显示：年龄、职业、最高学历、家庭月收入、刷牙时长、饮酒、锻炼时长、周锻炼次数、日看电子产品时长、酸、清淡、高血压是牙齿缺失的重要影响因素。 结论 贵州省惠水县居民牙齿缺失较多，义齿修复情况普遍较低，应针对其牙齿缺失的重要影响因素加强该地区牙齿缺失疾病控制。

关键词: 布依族, 苗族, 牙齿缺失, 成人, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective　This study aimed to investigate adult tooth loss and its influencing factors in Huishui County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, where Buyi and Miao ethnic groups gather, identify risk factors, and carry out early prevention and treatment of tooth loss to reduce the risk of disease. Methods　A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 4 216 adults in the Huishui area where the Buyi and Miao ethnic groups gather. Their oral missing teeth were examined, and a questionnaire survey was conducted. Statistical analysis was conducted on the survey results using single-factor, multi-factor Tamhane’s T2, and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis. Results　A total of 4 216 people were surveyed, including 1 594 males and 2 622 females, with an age range of 18-93 years and an average age of 50.5 years. A total of 7 214 teeth were missing, with a missing tooth ratio of 31.45% and an average of 1.7 missing teeth per person. The denture restoration rate for missing teeth is 32%. Single-factor analysis showed that age, ethnic group, educational background, occupation, family monthly income, smoking, length and frequency of tooth brushing, drinking, length and frequency of exercise, watching electronic products, acid, numbness, spicy and light diet, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease had an impact on tooth loss. Multi-factor analysis showed that residents of the Miao ethnic group, those with high school or university education, and those with a monthly income of over 8 000 yuan are negatively correlated with tooth loss; being over 80 years old, farming, smoking for more than 40 cigarettes per day, smoking for more than 20 years, ne-ver brushing teeth, brushing for less than 1 min each time, drinking every day, watching electronic products for less than 2 h per day, never participating in exercise, doing outdoor exercise for more than 4 h per day, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease are factors for having more serious tooth loss. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that age, occupation, highest educational level, monthly family income, brushing time, alcohol consumption, exercise time, weekly exercise frequency, daily viewing time for electronic products acidity, lightness, and hypertension are important influen-cing factors for tooth loss. Conclusion　Residents in Huishui County, Guizhou Province, have a high incidence of tooth loss and a generally low rate of denture restoration. Efforts should be made to address the important influencing factors of tooth loss and increase the control of tooth loss diseases in this area.

Key words: Buyi ethnic group, Miao ethnic group, tooth loss, adult, influence factor

中图分类号: 

  • R78

表 1

惠水地区成人牙齿缺失的一般资料"

一般情况n牙齿缺失数P值
性别男1 5941.77±0.1160.138
女2 6221.72±0.091
年龄/岁18~301 6710.44±1.64a<0.001
31~601 9991.05±3.05a
61~805107.75±8.38a
>803615.11±9.94
民族汉族2 0591.74±4.54b<0.001
布依族1 3512.06±5.184b
苗族6541.26±4.04
其他1520.93±2.87
学历未读书3817.82±8.84c<0.001
小学4913.55±6.24c
中学8631.32±3.61c
高中5800.78±2.42
大学及以上1 9010.53±2.011
职业干部1191.39±3.41d<0.001
普通职员6351.07±3.32d
医生/老师5780.79±2.75d
个体或自由职业4950.85±2.83d
务农9165.09±7.56
其他1 4730.64±2.42d
家庭月收入/元0~9996514.06±7.19e<0.001
1 000~2 9991 2332.10±4.90e
3 000~8 0001 7470.91±3.09
>8 0005850.86±3.13

表 2

生活习惯与缺失牙的相关性"

变量n牙齿缺失数F值P值
日吸烟/支从不3 1751.720±4.660a3.3290.010
1~104621.580±4.214a
11~204211.600±4.398a
21~401232.540±5.364a
>40354.060±7.596
吸烟年数/年从不3 1311.740±4.686b30.695<0.001
<11010.620±1.593b
1~104690.710±2.650b
11~201990.900±2.512b
>203164.130±6.863
刷牙时长/min<11 1003.880±6.840114.95<0.001
1~2.92 2811.040±3.328c
3~58040.810±2.867c
>5311.100±5.016c
日刷牙次数/次17253.440±6.369d67.944<0.001
≥23 3401.240±3.765d
很少755.160±8.328
从不764.040±8.065
饮酒状况从不喝1 9042.520±5.665e39.960<0.001
很少喝1 6780.830±2.959e
每天喝1373.930±6.506
每周喝3091.210±3.383e
已戒1881.190±3.703e
周锻炼次数/次从不1 3891.730±4.558151.47<0.001
1~21 6660.840±3.007f
3~45530.740±2.258f
5~76085.120±7.633f
锻炼时长/h<0.51 4851.740±4.791g36.238<0.001
0.5~21 4491.230±3.807g
2.1~46611.270±3.425g
>46213.430±6.456
日看电子产品时长/h<21 2833.630±6.727109.86<0.001
2~41 2831.010±3.201h
4.1~61 0590.860±2.974h
>65910.790±2.543h

表 3

饮食口味、全身疾病与缺失牙的相关性"

变量n牙齿缺失数F值P值
口味酸是2 7421.530±0.082a-4.989<0.001
否1 4742.130±0.136
麻是2 7721.500±0.080a-5.054<0.001
否1 4442.200±0.141
辣是3 4351.560±0.075a-7.107<0.001
否7 812.540±0.200
清淡是2 6321.320±0.078a-9.592<0.001
否1 5842.440±0.137
咸是1 7701.810±0.113-0.6990.485
否2 4461.690±0.092
糖尿病否4 1041.670±0.071-4.563<0.001
是1124.070±0.695
高血压否3 8841.460±0.069-15.139<0.001
是3324.970±0.385
心脏病否4 1561.700±0.071-7.024<0.001
是604.630±0.871

表 4

牙齿缺失的多因素Logistic回归分析"

自变量偏回归系数标准误标准化偏回归系数t值P值95%置信区间
下限上限
年龄2.2640.1150.33919.7710.0002.0402.489
职业0.1250.0430.0422.9160.0040.0410.210
最高学历-0.4630.061-0.137-7.5930.000-0.582-0.343
家庭月收入-0.4290.077-0.084-5.6040.000-0.579-0.279
日刷牙次数-0.2750.126-0.029-2.1870.029-0.522-0.028
刷牙时长-0.2440.099-0.036-2.4550.014-0.438-0.049
饮酒状况-0.1400.062-0.033-2.2460.025-0.263-0.018
周锻炼次数0.4110.0730.0905.6510.0000.2690.554
日锻炼时长-0.2090.069-0.047-3.0070.003-0.345-0.073
日看电子产品时长-0.1420.065-0.032-2.1980.028-0.269-0.015
酸0.2890.1490.0301.9330.043-0.0040.582
清淡0.3860.1350.0402.8550.0040.1210.652
高血压-0.8510.244-0.049-3.4820.001-1.330-0.372
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