正畸拔牙矫治对上气道影响的研究进展

doi:10.7518/gjkq.2022066

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为临床上较为常见的固定矫治方式，拔牙矫治可通过改善前牙牙轴及凸距明显改变牙颌面结构的形态和位置。上气道被颅颌面软硬组织所包绕，作为呼吸道和消化道上端的共同通道，具有呼吸、言语形成、吞咽等重要的生理功能。近年来许多研究证实口腔牙颌面结构与上气道大小和形态存在相关性，但拔牙矫治能否通过改变牙颌面结构对上气道产生影响尚未达成共识。本文从口腔颅颌面结构与上气道的关系出发，就不同年龄及不同类型的错𬌗畸形患者中拔牙矫治对气道的影响进行综述，探讨拔牙矫治中骨面型、牙列拥挤度、牙弓突度、支抗类型、磨牙近中移动和切牙内收等因素对上气道的影响，以期为临床医生在完善正畸诊断及治疗计划，提高正畸治疗的安全性及稳定性上提供参考。

关键词: 上气道, 拔牙矫治, 影响因素, 牙颌面结构

Abstract:

As a common fixed orthodontic method in clinic, extraction can significantly change the shape and position of the dento-maxillofacial structure by improving the angulation and position of anterior teeth. The upper airway is surrounded by cranio-maxillofacial soft and hard tissues. As a common channel of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts, the upper airway performs important physiological functions, such as respiration, speech formation, and swallowing. In recent years, many studies have confirmed the relationship between the dento-maxillofacial structure and the dimension and shape of the upper airway, but a consensus on whether extraction can affect the upper airway by changing the dental and maxillofacial structure has yet to be reached. On the basis of the relationship between the oral and maxillofacial structure and the upper airway, the influence of extraction on airway in patients with different ages and malocclusion was reviewed. The effects of bone surface type, dentition crowding, dental arch protrusion, anchorage type, mesial movement of molars, and retraction of incisors on the upper airway were discussed. This study may help clinicians improve orthodontic diagnoses and treatment plans and the safety and stability of orthodontic treatment.

Key words: upper airway, extraction treatment, influencing factor, dento-maxillofacial structure

中图分类号:

R 783.5

尹茂运,张祎,胡敏. 正畸拔牙矫治对上气道影响的研究进展[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2022, 49(5): 607-613.

Yin Maoyun,Zhang Yi,Hu Min.. Research progress on the effect of orthodontic extraction on upper airway[J]. Int J Stomatol, 2022, 49(5): 607-613.

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