Int J Stomatol

Int J Stomatol ›› 2020, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 175-181.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2020008

• Original Articles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Genetic and environmental effects on craniofacial depth and upper airway in cephalograms of twins

Lü Jing1,Peng Jing2(),Li Pu3   

  1. 1. Youanmen Community Medical Service Center of Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
    2. Dept. of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
    3. Dept. of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Meidical University, Zhongshan 524000, China
  • Received:2019-05-12 Revised:2019-10-21 Online:2020-03-01 Published:2020-03-12
  • Contact: Jing Peng E-mail:pengjing008@sina.com

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Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the influences of genetic and environmental factors on craniofacial depth and upper airway width in a mixed dentition period and to provide a theoretical basis for functional correction plans. Methods The relative indexes of the craniofacial depth and the upper airway width in the lateral cephalic radiographs of 183 twin girls aged 6-12 years were measured. The influences of genetic and environmental factors on craniofacial depth and upper airway width were subjected to longitudinal statistical analysis by using the twin research method. Results The influence of environmental factors on craniofacial depth was greater than that of genetic factors. The effect of environmental factors on mandibular depth (L4-L7) was stronger than that on maxillary depth (L1-L3). The influence of environmental factors on the upper airway width (d1-d6) was greater than that of genetic factors. The role of genetic factors in oropharyngeal and laryngopharynx airways was insignificant (P<0.05). Conclusion The craniofacial depth and airway width of cephalometric measurements in twin girls are strongly affected by environmental and genetic factors.

Key words: genetic and environmental effect, twins, craniofacial region, upper airway

CLC Number: 

  • R323.1

TrendMD: 

Tab 1

Number and age of twins in group ME, MZ and DZ"

年龄/岁 ME组 MZ组 DZ组
例数/对 例数/对 年龄/岁 例数/对 年龄/岁
6 8 7 6.34±0.12 0 -
7 20 17 7.14±0.32 8 7.08±0.36
8 22 12 8.04±0.35 9 8.07±0.34
9 31 16 8.97±0.28 13 8.89±0.31
10 30 19 9.93±0.29 15 9.91±0.33
11 22 22 10.88±0.26 14 10.98±0.28
12 19 17 11.93±0.27 14 11.93±0.29

Fig 1

Craniofacial depth measurement project"

Fig 2

Upper airway measurement project"

Tab 2

Comparisons of mean deviation and mean deviation between identical twins in craniofacial depth measurement"

测量项目 6岁组 7岁组 8岁组 9岁组 10岁组 11岁组 12岁组
$\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P
L1 MDMZ 1.7 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.6 2.1 2.7
ME 0.6 0.16 0.9 0.27 0.8 0.03* 0.6 0.03* 0.9 0.07 0.8 0.00* 0.6 0.00*
L2 MDMZ 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.85 0.68 s 0.95
ME 0.6 0.60 0.5 0.60 0.5 0.04* 0.48 0.03* 0.5 0.02* 0.58 0.49 0.56 0.08
L3 MDMZ 1.0 1.3 1.6 2.04 2.48 2.4 1.92
ME 1.2 0.71 1.1 0.66 0.5 0.01* 0.90 0.01* 1.36 0.06 0.9 0.08 1.41 0.22
L4 MDMZ 2.0 2.4 3.9 3.63 2.96 2.55 2.51
ME 1.3 0.35 2.3 0.96 0.8 0.04* 0.70 0.01* 1.38 0.06 1.17 0.02* 1.68 0.21
L5 MDMZ 2.0 1.9 3.7 3.5 2.4 2.7 2.9
ME 1.8 0.41 2.3 0.64 1.1 0.02* 0.6 0.03* 1.1 0.02* 1.2 0.02* 1.5 0.04*
L6 MDMZ 2.1 2.3 3.6 3.41 3.17 3.25 3.15
ME 1.6 0.43 2.7 0.66 1.3 0.01* 0.66 0.04* 1.48 0.01* 1.24 0.01* 4.11 0.69
L7 MDMZ 2.4 2.4 4.0 2.7 3.3 3.2 3.7
ME 1.1 0.08 5.3 0.42 1.0 0.00* 0.8 0.00* 1.2 0.09 1.0 0.00* 1.7 0.01*

Tab 3

Vertical measurement project of monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins in the difference comparison"

测量项目 7岁组 8岁组 9岁组 10岁组 11岁组 12岁组
$\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P
L1 MDMZ 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.6 2.1 2.7
MDDZ 2.6 0.06 2.6 0.35 2.6 0.16 3.4 0.00* 2.5 0.57 2.6 0.95
L2 MDMZ 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.0
MDDZ 1.3 0.01* 1.1 0.23 0.8 0.57 1.3 0.04* 1.5 0.00* 0.6 0.10
L3 MDMZ 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.5 2.4 1.9
MDDZ 2.6 0.19 4.6 0.99 2.2 0.79 2.9 0.52 2.8 0.60 2.6 0.28
L4 MDMZ 2.4 3.9 3.6 3.0 2.6 2.5
MDDZ 2.6 0.77 5.9 0.23 3.6 1.00 4.1 0.27 4.3 0.08 2.7 0.86
L5 MDMZ 1.9 3.7 3.5 2.4 2.7 3.0
MDDZ 6.7 0.33 5.7 0.26 3.9 0.73 4.2 0.10 4.5 0.04* 3.2 0.80
L6 MDMZ 2.3 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.2
MDDZ 2.4 0.90 6.0 0.17 3.9 0.71 4.6 0.23 4.8 0.11 7.0 0.14
L7 MDMZ 2.4 4.0 2.7 3.3 3.2 3.7
MDDZ 3.2 0.51 3.4 0.64 4.3 0.21 5.2 0.06 3.3 0.96 3.7 0.99

Tab 4

The mean difference between the mean value and the measurement error of the twins in the upper airway measurementproject is compared with the average difference"

测量项目 6岁组 7岁组 8岁组 9岁组 10岁组 11岁组 12岁组
$\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P
d1 ME 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.4 2.1 1.5
MDMZ 2.1 0.43 1.6 0.07 3.1 0.10 2.9 0.06 2.1 0.07 3.5 0.01* 2.1 0.71
d2 ME 1.5 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.3 0.9
MDMZ 1.6 0.33 1.4 0.40 2.1 0.10 1.3 0.03* 1.5 0.17 2.2 0.14 1.4 0.19
d3 ME 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.2
MDMZ 1.8 0.02* 1.7 0.02* 2 0.03* 2.4 0.14 1.6 0.38 1.9 0.01* 0.9 0.12
d4 ME 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.6 3.1 0.6 0.3
MDMZ 3.5 0.00* 2.3 0.06 1.9 0.10 2.6 0.02* 2.5 0.03* 2.4 0.30 1.9 0.03*
d5 ME 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.8 2.1 0.9 0.4
MDMZ 1.8 0.11 2.1 0.00* 1.4 0.05 2.2 0.04* 1.7 0.90 2.1 0.00* 1.7 0.04*
d6 ME 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.8 0.4
MDMZ 2.5 0.02* 2.6 0.01* 1.8 0.00* 3 0.02* 2 0.12 2.7 0.00* 3.1 0.03*

Tab 5

Comparison of the mean difference between the mean value and the average value of the twins in the upper airway measurement program"

测量项目 7岁组 8岁组 9岁组 10岁组 11岁组 12岁组
$\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P $\bar{x}$ P
d1 MDMZ 1.6 3.1 2.9 2.1 2.8 2.1
MDDZ 1.9 0.58 2.3 0.38 2.2 0.33 3.2 0.24 2.2 0.03* 3.5 0.06
d2 MDMZ 1.4 2.1 1.3 1.5 2.2 1.4
MDDZ 1.7 0.74 1.7 0.13 2.2 0.52 2.4 0.59 1.5 0.20 2.0 0.12
d3 MDMZ 1.7 2.0 2.4 1.6 1.9 0.9
MDDZ 1.1 0.07 1.7 0.24 2.1 0.70 1.9 0.17 2.8 0.01* 2.9 0.08
d4 MDMZ 2.3 1.9 2.6 2.5 2.4 1.9
MDDZ 1.8 0.76 2.1 0.82 2.9 0.31 2.8 0.18 3.0 0.45 2.7 0.10
d5 MDMZ 2.1 1.4 2.2 1.7 2.1 1.7
MDDZ 1.4 0.06 1.3 0.87 2.0 0.96 1.4 0.16 2.5 0.58 2.2 0.75
d6 MDMZ 2.6 1.8 3.0 2.0 2.7 3.1
MDDZ 3.3 0.43 1.8 0.77 2.1 0.64 1.4 0.18 3.4 0.75 3.5 0.90
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