国际口腔医学杂志

国际口腔医学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 475-484.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2021046

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

口腔诊疗中人工智能的运用

田而慷1(),向倩蓉1,赵欣然1,彭佳涵1,舒睿2()   

  1. 1.口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医学院 成都 610041
    2.口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院儿童口腔科 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-16 修回日期:2020-12-06 出版日期:2021-07-01 发布日期:2021-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 舒睿
  • 作者简介:田而慷,学士,Email： 1064564771@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81500885)

Application of artificial intelligence in oral diagnosis and treatment

Tian Erkang1(),Xiang Qianrong1,Zhao Xinran1,Peng Jiahan1,Shu Rui2()   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2020-08-16 Revised:2020-12-06 Online:2021-07-01 Published:2021-06-30
  • Contact: Rui Shu
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(81500885)

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摘要：

人工智能是研究使计算机来模拟人的某些思维过程和智能行为如学习、推理、思考、规划等的学科。自从诞生以来,人工智能飞速发展,目前已广泛应用在包括生物医药、金融贸易等领域,而“人工智能+医疗”则承担着推动医学进步,改变医疗现状的重任。口腔医学作为医学的一个重要部分,其病症复杂,操作精密,传统的诊疗方法存在一些亟需解决的问题,人工智能在口腔医学的应用则致力于解决这些问题。本文综述了人工智能在口腔医学中的应用并对其做出展望。

关键词: 人工智能, 口腔诊疗, 智慧医疗

Abstract:

Artificial intelligence is a subject that makes computer simulate some thinking process and intelligent behavior of human, such as learning, reasoning, thinking, planning, etc.. Since its birth, artificial intelligence has developed rapidly and has been widely used in fields including biomedicine, financial trade and so on, while “artificial intelligence + medical treatment” undertakes the important task of promoting medical progress and changing the status quo of medical treatment. As an important part of medicine, stomatology is characterized by complex diseases and precise operation. Traditional diagnosis and treatment methods have some problems that need to be solved urgently. The application of artificial intelligence in stomatology is committed to solving these problems. This paper reviews the application of artificial intelligence in stomatology and gives a prospect.

Key words: artificial intelligence, oral diagnosis and treatment, intelligent medical treatment

中图分类号: 

  • R78

图 1

人工智能在口腔诊疗过程中的应用"

表 1

CNN在口腔领域中的应用"

CNN的类型 应用 样本数量/个 敏感性/% 特异性/% 准确性/% 年份 参考文献
CNN 区分鳞状细胞癌组织与正常组织,甲状腺癌组织与正常组织,用于头颈部癌性组织的诊断 7、13 81.0、93.0 80.0、89.0 81.0、92.0 2018 [9]
完全深度学习掩码区域卷积神经网络（regional con-
volutional neural network,R-CNN）		 检测和定位牙齿结构 1 024 — — 85.8 2020 [10]
16层CNN 检测胶质母细胞瘤和角囊性牙源性肿瘤（keratocystic odontogenic tumor,KCOT） 500 81.8 83.3 83.0 2018 [11]
CNN 在口腔全景片上分割下牙槽神经（inferior alveolar nerve,IAN）与下颌第三磨牙（M3） 81 95.0、83.8 — 94.7、76.8 2019 [12]
12层（7×7×3通道斑块）CNN 口腔黏膜上皮、上皮下、角蛋白等不同组成层的鉴定及角蛋白区内角蛋白珠特征的识别,为临床医生在诊断口腔癌过程中评估组织学图像提供重要帮助 80 97.8 — 96.9 2018 [13]
回归-深度CNN 区分癌组织与正常组织,自动诊断口腔癌 100 94.0 91.0 91.4 2019 [14]
7层前馈CNN 在全景片上检测根尖病变 2 238 65.0 87.0 85.0 2019 [15]
CNN 在锥形束计算机断层扫描（cone beam computed tomography,CBCT）图像上进行3种牙源性囊性病变：牙源性角化囊肿、牙源性囊肿和根尖周囊肿的检测和诊断 2 126 88.2 77.0 84.7 2020 [16]
深度卷积神经网络 识别基于物联网智能医疗系统中的口腔癌区域结构 1 500 92.0 97.0 96.8 2019 [17]
CNN 预测计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造（computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing,CAD/CAM）全瓷冠的脱粘接概率 2 160 — — 97.0 2019 [18]
CNN 口腔鳞状细胞癌颈淋巴结转移的术前CT评价 50 92.0 84.0 88.0 2013 [19]
深度学习模型 识别口腔图像中的咬合关系,对咬合面上的龋齿进行检测和分类 79 — — 61.9 2019 [20]
16层CNN 对全景片进行牙齿检测和编号 1 352 98.0 99.9 99.5 2019 [21]
CNN 识别头颈部肿瘤边缘,包括鳞状细胞癌和甲状腺癌 11 84.0、91.0 77.0、88.0 81.0、90.0 2018 [22]

图 2

口腔种植规划-手术导航-机器人控制软件系统的工作流程"

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