国际口腔医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 217-230.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2025020

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于ABC分区法的手术入路决策在腮腺内镜手术中的应用

曹昶1(),张知妍1,何佳潞1,陈塑1,杨帆1,孟沙沙2,李岱蔚3,董永涛4,颜洁4,孙艳4,朱桂全1()   

  1. 1.口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室;国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心;四川大学华西口腔医院头颈肿瘤外科 成都 610041
    2.平顶山市第一人民医院口腔科 平顶山 467000
    3.玉溪市人民医院口腔颌面外科 玉溪 653100
    4.口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室;国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心;四川大学华西口腔医院手术室 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-26 修回日期:2024-09-03 出版日期:2025-03-01 发布日期:2025-03-01
  • 通讯作者: 朱桂全
  • 作者简介:曹昶,硕士,Email:cao_oncology@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省中央引导地方科技发展专项(2023ZYD0106)

Applying ABC-partition concept-based operation approaches to endoscopic surgery of parotid gland tumor

Chang Cao1(),Zhiyan Zhang1,Jialu He1,Su Chen1,Fan Yang1,Shasha Meng2,Daiwei Li3,Yongtao Dong4,Jie Yan4,Yan Sun4,Guiquan Zhu1()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
    2.Dept. of Dentistry, the First People’s Hospital of Pingdingshan City, Pingdingshan 467000, China
    3.Dept of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi 653100, China
    4.State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Operating Room, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2024-03-26 Revised:2024-09-03 Online:2025-03-01 Published:2025-03-01
  • Contact: Guiquan Zhu
  • Supported by:
    Special Funds for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development of Sichuan Province under the Central Government(2023ZYD0106)

摘要:

目的 评估一种基于ABC分区法的手术入路决策,在腮腺肿瘤内镜手术应用中的可行性、安全性及美观效果。 方法 回顾性纳入2022年1月1日—2024年1月1日于四川大学华西口腔医院头颈肿瘤外科接受免充气内镜下腮腺肿瘤切除术的95例患者。根据是否应用ABC分区法对患者进行分组,统计围手术期及随访数据。 结果 ABC分区法组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、涎瘘发生率、总住院时间均少于非分区法组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。非分区法组术后美观效果评价的视觉模拟评分为(1.63±0.88) 分,分区法组为(1.35±0.82)分,2组患者的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),对术后美观效果均较为满意。 结论 采用ABC分区法匹配相应手术入路,可以提高腮腺肿瘤内镜手术的效率和微创性,加快术后康复,具有良好的安全性和美观效果。

关键词: 分区法, 腮腺内镜手术, 内镜手术入路

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and cosmetic outcomes of operation approaches based on the ABC-partition concept for parotid tumors. Methods A total of 95 patients who underwent gasless endoscopic parotidectomy at the Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology in West China Hospital of Stomatology from January 1, 2022, to January 1, 2024 were retrospectively included. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether the ABC-partition concept-based operation approaches were used. Perioperative and follow-up data were retrieved and analyzed. Results The ABC group showed significantly better outcomes compared to the non-ABC group (P<0.05) in several areas, including average operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, incidence of salivary fistula, and length of hospital stay. Both groups reported satisfaction with their cosmetic results, with a visual analogue scale score of 1.63±0.88 for the non-ABC group and 1.35±0.82 for the ABC group (P>0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated that the ABC-partition approach enhances the efficiency and minimally invasive nature of endoscopic surgery for parotid gland tumors, promotes better recovery after surgery, and provides satisfactory safety and cosmetic results.

Key words: partition concept, endoscopic parotidectomy, endoscopic surgery approaches

中图分类号: 

  • R739.87

图1

腮腺ABC分区法A:ABC分区法示意图;a点:外耳道软骨-乳突交点;b点:口角;ab点连线上方为腮腺A区,以a点为圆心做一半径2.5 cm的圆弧,将剩余腮腺划分为B、C区。B:ABC分区法实际应用图。"

表 1

ABC分区法与内镜手术入路"

肿瘤最大径/cm部位入路腮腺术式
<2A区颞-耳屏入路部分切除
<2B区颅耳沟入路部分切除
<2C区耳后发际入路部分切除
2~4A/B/C区耳后发际入路部分切除/浅叶切除

图2

术前准备与切口设计A:术前准备,箭头所指为神经监测器探针安放位置(眼轮匝肌、口轮匝肌、胸骨柄);B:用于A区肿瘤手术的颞-耳屏入路切口设计,箭头所指为主切口(颞部)及辅助切口(耳屏缘);C:用于B区肿瘤手术的颅耳沟入路切口设计,箭头所指为切口;D:用于C区手术的耳后发际入路切口设计,箭头所指为切口。"

图3

颞-耳屏入路手术步骤A:切口设计,白色箭头所指为主切口(颞部发际线),绿色箭头所指为辅助切口(耳屏缘);B:建腔范围;C:安置外科牵开器;D:肿瘤上缘;E:肿瘤底界;F:切除后的肿瘤。"

图4

颅耳沟入路手术步骤A:切口设计,切口(箭头示)应距离颅耳沟约1 mm;B:翻瓣建腔;C:安置外科牵开器,箭头所指为自制的切口保护套;D:内镜下暴露肿瘤底界;E:切除后的肿瘤;F:缝合、安置负压引流管。"

图5

耳后发际入路手术步骤A:切口设计,白色箭头示切口;B:安置外科牵开器;C:面神经总干的定位,白色箭头所指为耳后动脉,绿色箭头所指为面神经总干; D:使用神经监测探头刺激面神经后出现的信号;E:切除后的肿瘤;F:缝合,安置负压引流管。"

表 2

各组患者的基本特征"

分类特征非ABC分区法组(n=49)ABC分区法组(n=46)P
年龄/岁37.10±9.18(20~59)38.67±10.35(17~59)0.435
颞-耳屏入路36.13±9.78(20~51)34.73±10.90(17~51)0.714
颅耳沟入路40.00±10.49(22~59)40.54±8.70(30~59)0.885
耳后发际入路35.80±7.65(26~53)40.61±10.58(25~57)0.156*
性别/(男/女)12/3711/351
颞-耳屏入路5/104/110.5?
颅耳沟入路2/123/100.462?
耳后发际入路5/154/141?
肿瘤最大径/cm1.84±0.63(0.8~3.0)1.79±0.59(1.0~3.5)0.707
颞-耳屏入路1.84±0.71(0.8~3.0)1.65±0.28(1.2~2.1)0.571*
颅耳沟入路1.39±0.48(0.8~2.3)1.36±0.48(1.0~2.5)0.867
耳后发际入路2.15±0.49(1.5~3.0)2.22±0.58(1.5~3.5)0.681
病理类型0.206?
多形性腺瘤2731
Warthin瘤02
基底细胞腺瘤64
其他169

表 3

各组患者的手术数据"

术中检测指标非ABC分区法组(n=49)ABC分区法组(n=46)P
手术时间/min134.06±48.05(38~245)104.07±25.44(55~147)<0.001*△△
颞-耳屏入路123.27±49.03(38~238)118.00±27.16(55~147)0.604*
颅耳沟入路98.29±34.99(40~160)88.25±22.62(55~125)0.327
耳后发际入路167.2±32.14(120~245)109.22±20.55(60~135)<0.001△△
切口长度/cm5.05±1.24(3~9)5.22±0.89(3~7)0.458
颞-耳屏入路4.87±1.73(3~9)5.40±1.12(4~7)0.324
颅耳沟入路4.71±1.27(3~8)4.54±0.66(3~5)0.659
耳后发际入路5.43±0.59(4~6)5.56±0.51(5~6)0.474
术中失血量/mL36.16±26.41(2~100)22.93±14.01(5~70)0.011*
颞-耳屏入路43.70±27.55(10~100)27.33±13.35(10~50)0.093*
颅耳沟入路25.86±17.20(2~50)18.08±16.53(5~70)0.243
耳后发际入路37.75±29.58(5~100)22.78±12.27(10~50)0.104*
肿瘤位于面神经浅面/深面36/1335/110.954
颞-耳屏入路11/412/30.5?
颅耳沟入路12/212/10.529?
耳后发际入路13/711/71
中转开放手术/(是/否)1/480/461?
颞-耳屏入路1/140/151?
颅耳沟入路0/140/13
耳后发际入路0/200/18

表 4

各组患者的术后数据"

术后检测指标非ABC分区法组(n=49)ABC分区法组(n=46)P
术后引流量/mL59.74±42.87(14~180)35.30±16.29(7~87)0.002*△△
颞-耳屏入路33.40±22.24(14~102)27.00±11.95(7~54)0.292*
颅耳沟入路58.14±41.76(30~175)32.46±15.84(10.5~72)0.018*
耳后发际入路80.60±45.58(21~180)44.28±15.97(25~87)0.003*△△
引流时间/d2.84±1.46(1~7)2.26±0.61(1~5)0.112*
颞-耳屏入路2.00±0.54(1~3)2.33±0.90(1~5)0.335
颅耳沟入路3.21±1.67(2~7)2.23±0.44(2~3)0.085*
耳后发际入路3.20±1.53(1~6)2.22±0.43(2~3)0.058*
暂时性面神经功能降碍/(有/无)8/416/400.872
颞-耳屏入路2/134/110.326?
颅耳沟入路2/120/130.259?
耳后发际入路4/162/160.663?
涎瘘/(有/无)6/430/460.027?△
颞-耳屏入路0/150/15
颅耳沟入路3/110/130.124?
耳后发际入路3/170/180.232?
住院时间/d6.22±2.15(4~13)5.00±0.87(4~7)0.004*△△
颞-耳屏入路5.60±1.45(4~8)5.13±0.83(4~7)0.439*
颅耳沟入路6.21±2.61(4~13)4.92±0.76(4~6)0.277*
耳后发际入路6.70±2.23(4~12)4.94±0.99(4~7)0.005*△△

图6

术后3个月不同入路患者的正侧面像A、B:颞-耳屏入路患者术后 3月外观;C、D:颅耳沟入路患者术后3月外观;E、F:耳后发际入路患者术后3月外观;左:正面像;右:侧面像。"

表 5

各组患者的随访数据"

随访指标非ABC分区法组(n=49)

ABC分区法组

n=46)

P
随访时间/月5.24±1.90(3~12)5.85±2.29(3~12)0.165
颞-耳屏入路5.47±2.07(4~12)5.80±1.15(4~8)0.589
颅耳沟入路6.00±2.18(4~10)5.08±2.10(3~10)0.274
耳后发际入路4.80±1.36(3~9)6.44±2.98(3~12)0.076?
Frey’s综合征(有/无)0/490/46
耳垂麻木(有/无)8/413/430.241
颞-耳屏入路4/111/140.330*
颅耳沟入路2/121/121*
耳后发际入路2/181/171*
伤口感染(有/无)3/462/441*
颞-耳屏入路2/130/150.483*
颅耳沟入路0/140/13
耳后发际入路1/192/160.595*
瘢痕增生(有/无)2/471/451*
颞-耳屏入路0/150/15
颅耳沟入路1/130/131*
耳后发际入路1/191/171*
复发(有/无)0/490/46
VAS评分1.63±0.88(0~4)1.35±0.82(0~3)0.108
颞-耳屏入路1.20±0.68(0~2)1.40±0.83(0~3)0.475
颅耳沟入路1.50±1.02(0~4)1.23±0.83(0~3)0.461
耳后发际入路1.85±0.99(0~4)1.39±0.85(0~3)0.134

表 6

不同入路患者的临床数据"

检测指标颞-耳屏(n=30)颅耳沟(n=27)耳后发际(n=38)P
年龄/岁35.43±10.20(17~51)40.26±9.49(22~59)38.08±9.35(25~57)0.173
性别(男/女)9/215/229/290.597
肿瘤最大径/cm1.74±0.54(0.8~3.0)1.38±0.47(0.8~2.5)2.18±0.53(1.5~3.5)<0.001△△△
手术时间/min118.03±39.31(38~238)92.78±29.70(40~160)139.74±39.81(60~245)<0.001△△△
切口长度/cm5.13±1.46(3~9)4.63±1.00(3~8)5.49±0.55(4~6)0.001*△△
术中失血量/mL35.50±22.83(10~100)22.11±17.02(2~70)30.66±24.00(5~100)0.071
肿瘤位于面神经浅面/深面23/724/324/140.06
中转开放手术(是/否)1/290/270/380.6?
术后引流量/mL30.20±17.84(7~102)45.78±34.04(10.5~175)63.40±39.01(21~180)<0.001*△△△
引流时间/d2.17±0.75(1~5)2.74±1.32(2~7)2.74±1.27(1~6)0.085*
暂时性面神经功能障碍(有/无)6/242/256/320.385?
涎瘘(有/无)0/303/243/350.175?
住院时间/d5.37±1.19(4~8)5.59±2.02(4~13)5.87±1.95(4~12)0.507
随访时间/月5.63±1.65(4~12)5.56±2.15(3~10)5.45±2.42(3~12)0.937
耳垂麻木(有/无)5/253/243/350.52?
伤口感染(有/无)2/280/273/350.44?
瘢痕增生(有/无)0/301/262/360.625?
VAS评分1.30±0.75(0~3)1.37±0.93(0~4)1.74±0.88(0~4)0.077
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