Int J Stomatol

Int J Stomatol ›› 2020, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 366-372.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2020057

• Reviews • Previous Articles    

Occupational exposure risk factors and protection for dental health care workers from contagion

Pan Jian1(),Cao Haotian2,Liu Jiyuan1,Wang Liao1,Liu Xian1,Liao Xuejuan1   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
    2.Dept. of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
  • Received:2020-02-12 Revised:2020-02-26 Online:2020-05-01 Published:2020-05-08
  • Contact: Jian Pan E-mail:jianpancn@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Research and Develop Program of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University(LCYJ2019-1)

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Abstract:

Dentists are exposed to various pathogens, particularly to infectious disease pathogens that seriously threaten their health. The basic transmission ways of pathogenic microorganisms in dental operation include blood-borne, splatter, contact, and aerosol transmissions. Microbial colonies, such as prions, viruses, fungi, and bacteria, are transmitted through these pathways. With the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by 2019-nCoV (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China since December 2019, the risk of infection caused by aerosols generated during dental operations has received increasing attention. This review summarizes current studies on the spread of infectious diseases in dental operations and the related risk factors to encourage oral physicians to prioritize protection and avoid occupational exposure.

Key words: novel coronavirus pneumonia, occupational exposure, contagion, aerosol transmission

CLC Number: 

  • R78

TrendMD: 

Tab 1

Measures to reduce aerosol transmission"

措施 优点 局限性
个人防护用品 阻断了大多数飞沫传播和气溶胶传播。 1）外科口罩仅阻断60%~95%气溶胶传播,边缘渗漏不能完全封闭;
2）N95或专业口腔防护口罩较昂贵;
3）摘下口罩后,对术后仍在空气中的气溶胶无法防控。
术前氯己定漱口 1）廉价、易推广; 1）在口腔及黏膜表面对游离细菌有较好的作用,对生物膜内细菌无效;
2）减少了口腔、唾液和空气中病原体的数量。 2）对咽部呼吸道病原体无效;
3）对新型冠状病毒无效。
强吸 减少术区绝大多数气溶胶对产生。 需要四手操作,依赖助手和操作技巧。
空气过滤器及有消 减少气溶胶中的微生物,阻断其远处传播以及 较为昂贵。
毒功能对通风设施 诊室间传播。
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