国际口腔医学杂志

国际口腔医学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 373-379.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2021080

• 专家笔谈 •    下一篇

口腔局部麻醉新概念

赵吉宏()   

  1. 武汉大学口腔医院口腔外科 武汉 430079
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-05 修回日期:2021-03-02 出版日期:2021-07-01 发布日期:2021-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 赵吉宏
  • 作者简介:赵吉宏,教授,硕士,Email:<email>jhzhao988@whu.edu.cn</email>;赵吉宏,主任医师、硕士研究生导师;武汉大学口腔医院口腔外科主任,医学伦理委员会主任,口腔颌面外科学教研室副主任;中华口腔医学会牙及牙槽外科专业委员会副主任委员,口腔颌面外科专业委员会委员,口腔美学专业委员会委员;中国整形美容学会口腔整形美容分会副会长;国际血管联盟中国分部专家委员会委员;湖北省口腔医学会常务理事,湖北省牙槽外科及镇静镇痛联合专业委员会主任委员,湖北省口腔美学专业委员会前任主任委员;武汉市口腔医学会常务理事,武汉市口腔颌面外科专业委员会主任委员。主要研究领域为口腔颌面部血管瘤及血管畸形的综合治疗、牙槽外科、第三磨牙的科学化管理等。主持或参与国家自然科学基金及省市级科研项目10余项;主编著作2部,副主编著作5部,参编参译著作10余部,在国内外相关学术期刊上发表学术论文50余篇;合作课题获得国家级科技进步二等奖1项、省部级科技进步一等奖1项、省部级科技进步三等奖3项。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81671008)

Novel concepts of dental local anesthesia

Zhao Jihong()   

  1. Dept. of Oral Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
  • Received:2020-12-05 Revised:2021-03-02 Online:2021-07-01 Published:2021-06-30
  • Contact: Jihong Zhao
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(81671008)

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摘要：

本文介绍了口腔局部麻醉的一些新理念和新技术。强调口腔局部麻醉前对患者的身体状况及心理状态进行评估,根据身体状态评估结果合理用药,对紧张恐惧的患者进行必要的心理疏导或镇静,是保证局部麻醉安全的重要措施;阿替卡因等局部麻醉药物具有较高的安全性和较好的麻醉效果,已经在临床得以广泛应用,适用的局部麻醉方式也呈多样化趋势;新型无痛注射器能为患者带来舒适无痛的局部麻醉感受,同时为局部麻醉安全增添了一份保险;良好的局部麻醉药和无痛注射器的应用,带来了局部麻醉方式和技术的相应改变,局部浸润麻醉逐步成为口腔临床治疗首选的局部麻醉方式,牙周膜麻醉成为常规局部麻醉方式,还有一些具有针对性和特色的神经阻滞麻醉应运而生;口腔局部麻醉的安全、舒适和效果,归根结底在于规范化操作,因此口腔局部麻醉操作规范的制订十分必要,该工作已经在中华口腔医学会立项并启动。

关键词: 口腔治疗, 局部麻醉, 安全, 舒适, 规范

Abstract:

This article introduces some new concepts and techniques of local anesthesia for dental treatment. The signi-ficant measures that ensure local anesthesia’s safety are to evaluate the dental patients’ physical and mental state before local anesthesia, rationally use drugs depending on the results of physical state evaluation, and conduct necessary psychological counseling sedation for nervous and fearful patients. Articaine is highly prevalent in clinical practices because of its relative safety, good anesthetic efficacy, and diversity of applicable methods. The new painless syringes will make patients comfortable with local anesthesia and improve the safety of local anesthesia. The application of proper local anesthetics and painless needles will bring about several changes in local anesthesia methods and techniques. Local infiltration anesthesia has become the first choice of local anesthesia for dental treatment. Periodontal membrane anesthesia has become routine anesthesia, and customized and distinctive nerve block anesthesia has emerged. The safety, comfort, and efficacy of local anesthesia depend on the standardized operation. Under this circumstance, an imperative formulation of “Ope-rational Standard of Oral Local Anesthesia” has been established in the Chinese Stomatological Association.

Key words: dental treatment, local anesthesia, safety, comfort, standard

中图分类号: 

  • R782.05
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