Abstract: Recently, great progress in the bone tissue engineering has been aquired, however, various basic problems have to be solved before clinical application. The major drawbacks are the difference of function and behavior
between osteoblasts in culture and their counterparts in vivo, deficiencies in bone-forming ability, and the large gap between tissue-engineered bones and the natural physiological bones. The reasons are probably that the microenvironment of cultivation is not perfect enough, engineered bone can not achieve the synchronization of vascularization and neurotization, and construction of the complex of tissue-engineered bone and periosteum is still lack of research.