国际口腔医学杂志

国际口腔医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 601-606.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2026622

• 综述 • 上一篇    

牙齿缺失对吞咽功能影响的研究进展

李婉昕(),张照欣,李强()   

  1. 口颌系统重建与再生全国重点实验室 口腔疾病国家临床医学研究中心 陕西省口腔疾病国际联合研究中心 空军军医大学口腔医院急诊与综合临床科 西安 710032
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-23 修回日期:2026-03-31 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 李强
  • 作者简介:李婉昕，医师，硕士，Email：liwanxinn@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024SF-YBXM-259);陕西省国际科技合作计划项目(2021KW-45)

Research progress of the impact of tooth loss on swallowing function

Wanxin Li(),Zhaoxin Zhang,Qiang Li()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of General Dentistry & Emergency, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
  • Received:2025-02-23 Revised:2026-03-31 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-06-25
  • Contact: Qiang Li
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2024SF-YBXM-259);International Scienti-fic and Technological Cooperation and Exchange Program of Shaanxi Province(2021KW-45)

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摘要：

吞咽活动是机体维持生存及代谢平衡的重要基础，口颌系统完整健康的牙列则是顺利行使吞咽功能的前提。多种口腔疾病如牙周病、龋病、外伤和肿瘤等均可导致牙齿缺失。随着老龄化进程加速，牙齿缺失问题更加凸显，但牙齿缺失对吞咽功能的影响却常常被医生和患者忽视。牙齿缺失对食物咀嚼、食团运输、下颌骨位置锚定、口腔肌群协调等均造成负面影响，从而引起吞咽功能减退。本文对牙齿缺失与吞咽功能改变之间的联系，以及义齿修复对牙齿缺失患者吞咽功能的影响进行综述，以期为口腔医生的临床决策提供理论指导。

关键词: 牙齿缺失, 吞咽功能, 义齿修复

Abstract:

Normal swallowing is a crucial activity for maintaining survival and metabolic balance in the body. A complete and healthy set of teeth is critical for the proper execution of swallowing functions. However, various oral diseases such as periodontal disease, dental caries, trauma, and tumors can lead to tooth loss. In recent years, the acceleration of the aging process has rendered the issue of tooth loss among the population increasingly prominent. However, the effect of tooth loss on swallowing function is often overlooked by clinicians and patients. Previous studies have shown that tooth loss negatively affects various aspects of swallowing, including food mastication, bolus transport, mandibular positioning, and the coordination of oral muscle groups, leading to swallowing hypofunction. This article reviews existing data to clarify the correlation between tooth loss and swallowing disorders and evaluates the therapeutic effects of prosthetic restoration on swallowing function in patients with tooth loss. The synthesized evidence aims to provide a theoretical foundation for evidence-based clinical decision-making in dentistry.

Key words: tooth loss, swallowing function, prosthetic restoration

中图分类号: 

  • R333.1
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