Table of Content

01 July 2019, Volume 46 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

For Selected:

View Abstracts

Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks

Expert Forum

Select

Molar distalisation by using clear aligner treatment Lai Wenli Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  373-382.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019069 Abstract ( 2488 )   HTML ( 93 )   PDF（pc） (3647KB) ( 1421 )   Save Since the first appearance of clear aligners, the clear aligner technique has gained increasing interest of patients due to its aesthetic advantages. With the development in biomechanic features of the clear aligner material and innovations of digital design software, orthodontists’ understanding of clear aligner technique has been improving to a greater extent. Clear aligners have many advantages on molar distalisation, such as bodily movement, high efficiency, comfort, and high compliance. This article presents typical patients using molar distalisation approach, and discuss the treatment tactics on molar distalisation, including indication, attachment, staging and use of elastics, aiming to offering practical strategies for orthodontists who want to master the clear aligner technique in molar distal movement. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Young Experts’ Views

Select

West China’s viewpoints on core problems of cleft lip-nose repair Li Chenghao,Li Yeping,Shi Bing Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  383-386.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019039 Abstract ( 1053 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF（pc） (1103KB) ( 244 )   Save The correction of cleft lip-nasal deformities has been the highlights and difficulty of cleft lip repair. The main reasons for complexity are the lack of understanding and divergence amongst surgeons on the panthomechanisms of the cleft lip nose, the limitation of surgical techniques, and the inability to maintain and predict the postoperative outcomes. This article aims to share and elaborate West China’s viewpoint on and understanding of several core problems of cleft lip and nose deformity, thereby clarifying the core problems of cleft lip-nose repair with peers which aids in promoting and improving the overall treatment of patients with cleft lip. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Original Articles

Select

3D finite element analysis for influence of microimplant thread depth on microimplant and mandible Yan Dan,Zhang Xizhong,Wang Jianguo Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  387-392.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019070 Abstract ( 777 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF（pc） (1411KB) ( 222 )   Save Objective In this work, we aimed to analyse the influence of microimplant thread depth on stress and displacement distribution on microimplant and mandible and apply the theoretical reference in choosing orthodontic anchorage microimplant and optimising its design.Methods The 3D finite element models of the microimplants with different thread depths and mandibles were established using Pro/E. The elements were divided using Hypermesh, and results were calculated using the ANSYS software. The force of 2.94 N which was parallel to the mandible surface was applied on the top of the microimplant.Results The maximum Von-mises stress on the microimplant-bone interface focused on the cortical bone. The model with thread depth of 0.3 mm had the smallest Von-mises stress peak of 18.12 MPa on the microimplant neck and its nearby bone, whereas the largest Von-mises stress peak of 60.28 MPa occurred in the model with the thread depth of 0.4 mm.Conclusion The microimplant thread depth influenced the stress distribution on the microimplant and mandible. The stress and displacement distributions on microimplant-bone interface and microimplant were at the optimum when the tread depth was 0.3 mm among all the cases mentioned in this work. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effectiveness of heat-activated Ni-Ti wires for orthodontic treatment: a systematic review Gao Jie,Ma Rui,Ge Zhenlin Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  393-399.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019071 Abstract ( 1294 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF（pc） (1704KB) ( 328 )   Save Objective In this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of heat-activated Ni-Ti (HANT) wires in orthodontic treatment.Methods A search was conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane library, Web of science, Embase, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific and Technological Journal (VIP) and Wan Fang databases until 30 November 2017. Then, we collected the randomised controlled trials (RCT) about the clinical effectiveness of HANT wires versus other Ni-Ti wires. The extraction of data and risk of bias evaluation were conducted by two investigators independently. Then, RevMan 5.3.0 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis.Results We included 8 trials which recruited 456 participants. Four studies were statistically pooled in meta-analysis. Meta-analysis results showed that patients with HANT wires had significantly lower time of levelling, bracket shedding, total course and visual analogue scale scores than those with other Ni-Ti wires. Qualitative analysis results were consistent with meta-analysis findings. The differences in wire breaking was significant, but no differences were found in alignment efficiency.Conclusion HANT wires were more effective than other Ni-Ti wires in terms of the time of levelling, bracket shedding, total course, wire breaking and comfort in orthodontic treatment. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical study on intentional replantation for periodontally involved hopeless teeth Zhang Jiayu,Luo Ning,Miao Di,Ying Xuan,Chen Yue Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  400-406.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019064 Abstract ( 1597 )   HTML ( 29 )   PDF（pc） (1859KB) ( 503 )   Save Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of intentional replantation for periodontally hopeless teeth and explore its healing mode and factors affecting prognosis.Methods Forty-two periodontally hopeless teeth from forty-two patients were intentionally replanted and followed up for 18 months. Clinical and radiographic data were collected and analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test or paired t-test.Results The survival rate declined from 95.2% at the ninth month to 90.5% at the eighteenth month. Approximately 87.5% of the patients showed improved mobility rate at the ninth month, and ankylosis occurred in 76.3% of the patients at the eighteenth month. Probing depth and bone loss improved, whereas gingival recession increased (P<0.05). Smoking decreased both mobility improvement and bone gain (P<0.05).Conclusion Intentional replantation for periodontally hopeless teeth could achieve favorable outcomes, and tooth ankylosis may be an important and reasonable post-operative healing procedure. Smoking should be regarded as a contraindication for this procedure. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Exploration on nasal objective measurements affecting subjective evaluation of the secondary reconstruction of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity Li Yeping,Zheng Qian,Yin Heng,Guo Chunli,Shi Bing,Li Chenghao Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  407-412.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019038 Abstract ( 871 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF（pc） (1367KB) ( 144 )   Save Objective To determine objective measurements affecting the subjective evaluation of the secondary reconstruction of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity and further enhance unilateral cleft lip deformity results.Methods Eighty patients treated with secondary cleft rhinoplasty were enrolled. The study used the Asher-Mcdade subjective evaluation system to rate nasal appearance based on basilar view photographs to measure and record nose shape parameters. Correlation between subjective evaluation results and objective measurement parameters was investigated using multilevel model analysis.Result sMultilevel model analysis results showed that among five measurements on nasal parameters, statistically significant differences were observed only for nasal tip and columellar length between subjective evaluation and objective measurements.Conclusion Tip deviation and columellar length parameters could be used as prognostic indicators for grading subjective evaluation, whereas post-operative nasal alar convex angle, mesial inclination of ala, and nasal floor width parameters showed no significant correlation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Psychological status of orthodontic adolescents He Yuwei,Zhang Zhijun,Xie Yulang,Liang Yinghao Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  413-419.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019059 Abstract ( 1670 )   HTML ( 24 )   PDF（pc） (1266KB) ( 349 )   Save Objective To examine mental health status between adolescents with fixed appliance and those who did not receive orthodontic treatment. Methods The adolescent mental resilience scale, self-esteem scale, Chinese big five personality inventory (brief version), self-rating depression scale, self-rating anxiety scale, subjective well-being questionnaire, life satisfaction questionnaire, and appearance satisfaction questionnaire were used. A total of 689 adolescents (229 adolescents with fixed orthodontics as experimental group, 231 adolescents requiring treatment but without orthodontic treatment as control group, 229 untreated adolescents without orthodontic needs as blank group) were investigated using psychological questionnaires. The mental state of each group was analyzed statistically, and differences among groups were compared.Results The ranking of mental resilience level among the groups in decreasing order was experimental, blank, and control groups. The experimental group showed the highest self-esteem level, followed by the control group and then the blank group. In the big five personalities, the neuroticism of experimental group was lower than that of the control and blank groups. The experimental group showed higher conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion compared with the control and blank groups. The experimental group showed the highest agreeableness, followed by the control group and then the blank group. The experimental group showed lower levels of depression and anxiety compared with the blank and control groups. The blank group showed the highest subjective well-being index, followed by the control group and then the experimental group. The experimental group showed the highest life satisfaction, followed by the blank group and then the control group. The experi-mental and blank groups showed higher appearance satis-faction compared with the control group.Conclusion The psychological status of adolescent orthodontic patients was different from that of their peers who did not undergo orthodontic treatment. During treatment, positive psychological factors should be fully mobilized to achieve improved prognosis. Adolescent patients with malocclusion should be treated in a timely fashion to improve their psychological status and promote physical and mental health development. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of CaMKⅡδ gene silencing on osteoclast differentiation and c-fos/c-jun/CREB gene Zhang Yuhong,Qi Mengchun,Dong Wei,Sun Hong Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  420-425.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019048 Abstract ( 791 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF（pc） (1901KB) ( 192 )   Save Objective This study aims to explore the effect of calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK) Ⅱδ gene silencing on osteoclast differentiation, investigate the roles of the c-fos, c-jun and CREB genes in CaMKⅡδ regulation of osteoclast differentiation, and reveal the molecular mechanism underlying osteoclast differentiation.Methods A CaMKⅡδ RNA interference vector was constructed and transfected into mouse RAW264.7 cells to determine interference efficiency. The cells were transfected with the virus, induced with 50 ng·mL -1 nuclear factor-κB receptor activator ligand and then harvested after 5 days. The effect of silencing the CaMKⅡδ gene on osteoclast differentiation was detected by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase detection and bovine bone resorption lacuna. After 48 h, the expression levels of the c-fos, c-jun and CREB genes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.Results The interference efficiencies of the CaMKⅡδ RNA interference vector at the mRNA and protein levels were 70.6% and 72.2%, respectively. CaMKⅡδ RNA interference significantly reduced the mRNA levels of c-fos, c-jun and CREB by 74%, 49% and 24%, respectively. CaMKⅡδ RNA interference significantly reduced the protein levels of c-Fos, c-Jun and CREB by 74.3%, 61.3% and 59.2%, respectively.Conclusion CaMKⅡδ RNA interference can significantly inhibit the expression of c-fos, c-jun and CREB at the mRNA and protein levels. These results indicate that c-Fos, c-Jun and CREB are involved in the regulatory effects of CaMKⅡδ on osteoclast differentiation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Case Report

Select

Seronegative granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report and literature review Chen Hong,Wu Lanyan,Zheng Guangning,Lin Mei Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  426-430.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019051 Abstract ( 1322 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF（pc） (2700KB) ( 163 )   Save Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a systemic vasculitis and necrotising glomerulonephritis. The clinical manifestations of this condition are complex and varied, and the diagnosis requires the combined results of clinical symptoms, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) detection and histopathological examination. Strawberry gingivitis of GPA is rarely the reason of initial clinical presentation that is similar to inflammatory and infective diseases. This paper reports the case of a 50-year-old Chinese Tibetan patient with diagnostically difficult, ANCA-negative GPA that initially presented with oral and nasal manifestations only. The aim of this study is to remind dentists the possibility of GPA when faced with similar clinical manifestations. Moreover, early diagnosis and treatment play an important role in the improvement and prognosis of patients with GPA. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

Select

Effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on stem cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation Mei Hongxiang,Zhang Yidan,Zhang Chenghao,Liu Enyan,Chen Hao,Zhao Zhihe,Liao Wen Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  431-436.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019054 Abstract ( 1013 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF（pc） (1359KB) ( 198 )   Save Tea polyphenols are a general term for polyphenols in tea, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major component. As an antioxidant, EGCG can participate in the regulation of various life processes, including anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour activities. Epidemiological investigations and animal experiments have confirmed that EGCG can inhibit periodontitis and subsequent bone loss. Therefore, it might be a potential adjuvant treatment for periodontal treatment. Due to its anti-inflammatory and osteogenic functions, EGCG also has great potential in the modification of tissue engineering materials for bone defect repair. This article reviews the mechanism by which EGCG participates in stem cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, and summarises its advantages as a tissue engineering material. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the use of EGCG as periodontitis adjuvant therapy and bone tissue engineering material. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research progress on DNA methylation and oral disease Yuan Zhenying,Guan Cuiqiang,Nan Xinrong Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  437-441.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019050 Abstract ( 1200 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF（pc） (1267KB) ( 428 )   Save DNA methylation is the key to maintaining the function of immune cells. Recent studies have shown that abnormal DNA methylation levels are significantly associated with common oral diseases. Environmental factors and genetic polymorphism lead to abnormal methylation and affect the expression of some immune-related genes. This paper reviewed the importance of abnormal DNA methylation in the development of common oral diseases (e.g. chronic periodontitis, oral cancer and oral lichen planus) and the relationship between DNA methylation and recurrent aphthous ulcer. This paper provides improved understanding of the pathogenesis of oral diseases and new insights into the treatment of oral diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of spleen tyrosine kinase and its related signalling pathways on the development of head and neck tumors and their mechanisms Yue Shijing,Qing Yifan,Lin Jie,Han Bo Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  442-449.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019032 Abstract ( 1125 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF（pc） (2171KB) ( 162 )   Save Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) has a wide range of effects on cell signal transduction, regulating cellular responses and promoting cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and phagocytosis. In the studies on head and neck tumors, the abnormal expression and the reduced activity of Syk can affect the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells via various signalling pathways. Syk and its related signalling pathways can be potential targets for clinical treatment of head and neck tumors. This review aims to summarize the effects of Syk and its related signalling pathways on the development of head and neck tumors and its intracellular mechanisms, and thus to evaluate their potential application in clinic. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Review of NLRP3 inflammasomes in periodontal diseases Zhu Bowen,Chen Limei,Guo Zhuling Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  450-455.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019031 Abstract ( 1100 )   HTML ( 29 )   PDF（pc） (1694KB) ( 394 )   Save Periodontal disease is considered as the joint effort of microbial infection and immunoinflammatory responses. The association between NLRP3 inflammasome and periodontal disease has been confirmed in many experiments. The reverse states, activation and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome have received increasing attention. In the progress of periodontal disease, the explanations for the activation and inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome have not been unified with the triggering conditions and the switching process. Studies on NLRP3 inflammasome gene mutation or gene polymorphism in periodontal disease have just been initiated. This article briefly describes the NLRP3 inflammasome and highlights the currently accepted hypothesis of the activation of this oligomer and the finding regarding various inhibitory mechanisms. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Advances in KTiOPO4 laser for oral disease treatment Jiang Xue,Huang Danyuan,Liao Wen Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  456-462.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019062 Abstract ( 898 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF（pc） (1537KB) ( 172 )   Save Given its minimal invasiveness, safety, and efficiency, laser treatment has been used in dental clinics to assist or replace traditional treatment methods. KTiOPO4 laser is a new type of laser technology that can be widely used in the field of dentistry because of its short wavelength, good laser performance, low heat damage, strong cutting capacity, antibacterial ability, minimal anesthetic use, and painless procedure. This paper presents a review on KTiOPO4 laser, including its characteristics and use for oral therapy and application in oral clinics to provide a reference for its further research and application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research progress on salivary factors in burning mouth syndrome Meng Lulu,Du Xiaohong,Wu Yunxia Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  463-468.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019058 Abstract ( 709 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF（pc） (1480KB) ( 288 )   Save Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a group of syndromes that mainly occur in the tongue. This syndrome is characterized by burning pain without visible clinical signs and histopathological changes. The etiology of BMS remains unclear. The effects of changes in saliva flow and components on BMS are increasingly being investigated. This review introduces recent research progress from local and international BMS studies regarding salivary factors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research progress on the relationship between mother and childhood dental caries Wang Xiaobo,Lin Shiyao,Li Xia Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  469-474.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019060 Abstract ( 1159 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF（pc） (1501KB) ( 456 )   Save Childhood dental caries is a common chronic infectious disease affected by numerous factors, with several adverse effects on children’s growth and development. During pregnancy, the mother’s nutritional status, living habits, cultural and educational level, economic status, and mental health status affect the child’s oral and general health and may lead to the development of childhood dental caries. This paper reviews the relationship between maternal factor and childhood dental caries to promote awareness among mothers on preventive health care for childhood caries and prevent children from developing it. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research progress on antibacterial dental materials in the treatment of root caries Feng Jin,Wu Hongkun Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  475-480.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019065 Abstract ( 1026 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF（pc） (1526KB) ( 492 )   Save Minerals are lost rapidly and caries develop quickly on root surfaces due to different tissue anatomies, histologies, and chemical compositions. Root caries are highly prevalent in the elderly and can negatively affect their oral health-related quality of life. The key to the treatment of root caries is to prevent the activity of caries lesions. Therefore, new antibacterial dental materials that can control root surface plaque and promote teeth remineralization have been widely studied. This paper reviews the current application and research progress on various new antimicrobial materials for the treatment of root caries with different development degrees. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Composition, dimension, and function of biological width in oral implantations Zheng Zheng,Chen Wenchuan Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  481-487.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019066 Abstract ( 8779 )   HTML ( 108 )   PDF（pc） (1760KB) ( 1193 )   Save In 1962, according to Gargiulo et al, Cohon proposed the biological width around the natural tooth, that is, a 2 mm-width constant distance between gingival sulcus and alveolar crest, including junctional epithelium (width 0.97 mm) and fibrous connective tissue between junctional epithelium and alveolar crest (width 1.07 mm). In 1991, Berglundh et al proposed a biological width similar to the width of a natural tooth around an implant and is named as biological width in implant. The proposed biological width is a 3 to 4 mm in distance from the top of the peri-implant mucosa to the first bone-to-implant contact, including epithelial tissues, namely, sulcular and junctional epithelia, and fibrous connective tissues between the epithelium and the first bone-to-implant contact in composition. This width is mainly proposed to resist external stimulation, thereby reestablishing soft and hard tissues around the implant and guiding clinical operations in oral implantation. This review explores the composition, dimension, and function of the biological width around implants. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research status of new materials in dental implants Yu Wanqi,Zhou Yanmin,Zhao Jinghui Int J Stomatol. 2019, 46 (4):  488-496.  DOI: 10.7518/gjkq.2019067 Abstract ( 2369 )   HTML ( 125 )   PDF（pc） (1952KB) ( 1508 )   Save Implant dentures have been widely used in patients with dentition defects and edentulous. Titanium and titanium alloys have become the preferred materials for dental implants, given their good biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance. However, with the development of materials science and processing technology, new dental implant materials have emerged and have been widely investigated. These materials, such as new titanium alloy, tantalum, bulk metallic glasses, zirconia, siliconite, silicon nitride, and polyether-ether-ketone, exhibit varying performance and induce osteogenesis. This paper reviews the recent research status of new materials for dental implants. References | Related Articles | Metrics