Int J Stomatol ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 347-353.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2021048

• Reviews • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research progress on effects of electronic cigarette exposure on periodontal health

Shen Yifen(),Liu Chao,Tang Ying,Gu Yongchun()   

  1. Dept. of Dentistry, Central Laboratory, The Ninth People,s Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou 215200, China
  • Received:2020-09-11 Revised:2021-02-01 Online:2021-05-01 Published:2021-05-14
  • Contact: Yongchun Gu E-mail:406453632@qq.com;guyc7152@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Program of “Development of Public Health through Science & Education” of Wujiang Health Commission of Suzhou(wwk-202008)

Abstract:

Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for periodontal diseases. Over thousands of hazardous com-ponents are present in cigarette smoke during combustion, which may injure the periodontal tissues and cells. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are a novel type of tobacco product. It delivers nicotine through an inhalable aerosol, which is analogous to the mainstream smoke of a conventional cigarette and is generated from electronically heated and aerosolized E-liquids (containing a mixture of nicotine, flavorings, diluents, or other additives). E-cigs are considered less harmful and safer than traditional cigarettes because they do not produce combusted smoke. Therefore, e-cigs have become increasingly popular worldwide. However, only few studies extensively evaluated the long- and short-term effects of e-cigs on the periodontal health, as compared with the abundant detailed investigations on the traditional cigarettes. This article aims to review the research progress on the effects of e-cigs exposure on periodontal health.

Key words: electronic cigarette, oral health, periodontal disease, cellular injury, smoking

CLC Number: 

  • R781.4

TrendMD: 
[1] 李保江. 全球电子烟市场发展、主要争议及政府管制[J]. 中国烟草学报, 2014,20(4):101-107.
Li BJ. A global perspective on electronic cigarette’s future development and related controversial and re-gulatory issues[J]. Acta Tabacaria Sin, 2014,20(4):101-107.
[2] Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes[J]. Tob Control, 2014,23(2):133-139.
doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050859 pmid: 23467656
[3] 李晟姝, 肖丹, 褚水莲, 等. 北京市吸烟人群使用电子烟情况的调查[J]. 中国临床医生, 2015,43(3):47-49.
Li SS, Xiao D, Chu SL, et al. The survey and analy-sis on electronic cigarette use among urban residen-ces in Beijing[J]. J Chin Physician, 2015,43(3):47-49.
[4] 李威, 江国虹, 徐忠良, 等. 天津市城市居民电子烟使用情况调查结果分析[J]. 中国慢性病预防与控制, 2016,24(7):509-511.
Li W, Jiang GH, Xu ZL, et al. The survey and analy-sis on electronic cigarette use among urban residen-ces in Tianjin[J]. Chin J Prev Contr Chron Dis, 2016,24(7):509-511.
[5] Cressey D. Regulation stacks up for e-cigarettes[J]. Nature, 2013,501(7468):473.
doi: 10.1038/501473a pmid: 24067691
[6] Javed F, Al-Askar M, Samaranayake LP, et al. Perio-dontal disease in habitual cigarette smokers and nonsmokers with and without prediabetes[J]. Am J Med Sci, 2013,345(2):94-98.
doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31824d5337
[7] Caponnetto P, Campagna D, Papale G, et al. The emerging phenomenon of electronic cigarettes[J]. Expert Rev Respir Med, 2012,6(1):63-74.
doi: 10.1586/ers.11.92 pmid: 22283580
[8] 韩熠, 巩效伟, 洪鎏, 等. 电子烟尼古丁递送及药代动力学研究进展[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2018,34(5):647-651.
Han Y, Gong XW, Hong L, et al. Progress in resear-ches on delivery and pharmacokinetics of nicotine from electronic cigarette: a review[J]. Chin J Public Heal, 2018,34(5):647-651.
[9] Spindle TR, Breland AB, Karaoghlanian NV, et al. Preliminary results of an examination of electronic cigarette user puff topography: the effect of a mouthpiece-based topography measurement device on plasma nicotine and subjective effects[J]. Nicotine Tob Res, 2015,17(2):142-149.
doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu186
[10] Blount BC, Karwowski MP, Shields PG, et al. Vitamin E acetate in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid associated with EVALI[J]. N Engl J Med, 2020,382(8):697-705.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1916433
[11] Yan XS, D’Ruiz C. Effects of using electronic cigarettes on nicotine delivery and cardiovascular function in comparison with regular cigarettes[J]. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 2015,71(1):24-34.
doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.11.004
[12] Holliday RS, Campbell J, Preshaw PM. Effect of ni-cotine on human gingival, periodontal ligament and oral epithelial cells. A systematic review of the lite-rature[J]. J Dent, 2019,86:81-88.
doi: S0300-5712(19)30113-7 pmid: 31136818
[13] Hajek P, Phillips-Waller A, Przulj D, et al. A randomized trial of e-cigarettes versus nicotine-replacement therapy[J]. N Engl J Med, 2019,380(7):629-637.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1808779
[14] Beard E, West R, Michie S, et al. Association between electronic cigarette use and changes in quit attempts, success of quit attempts, use of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, and use of stop smoking services in England: time series analysis of population trends[J]. BMJ, 2016,354:i4645.
[15] Mamudu HM, Sanborn T, Dobbs PD. Electronic ni-cotine delivery systems: recommendations to regulate their use[J]. Am J Public Health, 2019,109(11):1531-1532.
doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2019.305340 pmid: 31577489
[16] Butt YM, Smith ML, Tazelaar HD, et al. Pathology of vaping-associated lung injury[J]. N Engl J Med, 2019,381(18):1780-1781.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1913069
[17] Hswen Y, Brownstein JS. Real-time digital surveillance of vaping-induced pulmonary disease[J]. N Engl J Med, 2019,381(18):1778-1780.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1912818
[18] Benowitz NL, Fraiman JB. Cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes[J]. Nat Rev Cardiol, 2017,14(8):447-456.
doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.36 pmid: 28332500
[19] Layden JE, Ghinai I, Pray I, et al. Pulmonary illness related to e-cigarette use in Illinois and Wisconsin-final report[J]. N Engl J Med, 2020,382(10):903-916.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911614
[20] Zhao D, Navas-Acien A, Ilievski V, et al. Metal concentrations in electronic cigarette aerosol: effect of open-system and closed-system devices and power settings[J]. Environ Res, 2019,174:125-134.
doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.04.003 pmid: WOS:000470801100016
[21] Hwang JH, Lyes M, Sladewski K, et al. Electronic cigarette inhalation alters innate immunity and airway cytokines while increasing the virulence of co-lonizing bacteria[J]. J Mol Med (Berl), 2016,94(6):667-679.
doi: 10.1007/s00109-016-1378-3
[22] Mokeem SA, Alasqah MN, Michelogiannakis D, et al. Clinical and radiographic periodontal status and whole salivary cotinine, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in cigarette-and waterpipe-smokers and e-cig users[J]. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 2018,61:38-43.
doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.016
[23] Akinkugbe AA. Cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and adolescents’ oral health: findings from the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study[J]. JDR Clin Transl Res, 2019,4(3):276-283.
[24] Javed F, Abduljabbar T, Vohra F, et al. Comparison of periodontal parameters and self-perceived oral symptoms among cigarette smokers, individuals va-ping electronic cigarettes, and never-smokers[J]. J Periodontol, 2017,88(10):1059-1065.
doi: 10.1902/jop.2017.170197
[25] Al-Aali KA, Alrabiah M, ArRejaie AS, et al. Peri-implant parameters, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta levels in vaping individuals[J]. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res, 2018,20(3):410-415.
doi: 10.1111/cid.12597 pmid: 29575755
[26] Vora MV, Chaffee BW. Tobacco-use patterns and self-reported oral health outcomes: a cross-sectional assessment of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study, 2013-2014[J]. J Am Dent Assoc, 2019,150(5):332-344.e2.
doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2018.12.004
[27] Huilgol P, Bhatt SP, Biligowda N, et al. Association of e-cigarette use with oral health: a population-based cross-sectional questionnaire study[J]. J Public Health (Oxf), 2019,41(2):354-361.
[28] Tatullo M, Gentile S, Paduano F, et al. Crosstalk between oral and general health status in e-smokers[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2016,95(49):e5589.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005589
[29] Wadia R, Booth V, Yap HF, et al. A pilot study of the gingival response when smokers switch from smo-king to vaping[J]. Br Dent J, 2016,221(11):722-726.
doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2016.914 pmid: 27932811
[30] Wu LZ, Duan DM, Liu YF, et al. Nicotine favors osteoclastogenesis in human periodontal ligament cells co-cultured with CD4+ T cells by upregulating IL-1β[J]. Int J Mol Med, 2013,31(4):938-942.
doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1259
[31] King BA, Patel R, Nguyen KH, et al. Trends in awa-reness and use of electronic cigarettes among US adults, 2010-2013[J]. Nicotine Tob Res, 2015,17(2):219-227.
doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu191
[32] Tinti F, Soory M. Oxidative actions of hydrogen pe-roxide in human gingival and oral periosteal fibroblasts: responses to glutathione and nicotine, relevant to healing in a redox environment[J]. Redox Biol, 2013,2:36-43.
doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.11.008
[33] Yang X, Qi Y, Avercenc-Leger L, et al. Effect of nicotine on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of the human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells[J]. Biomed Mater Eng, 2017,28(s1):S217-S228.
[34] Alanazi H, Park HJ, Chakir J, et al. Comparative study of the effects of cigarette smoke and electro-nic cigarettes on human gingival fibroblast proliferation, migration and apoptosis[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2018,118:390-398.
doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.049
[35] Sánchez-Pérez A, Moya-Villaescusa MJ, Caffesse RG. Tobacco as a risk factor for survival of dental implants[J]. J Periodontol, 2007,78(2):351-359.
pmid: 17274726
[36] Rouabhia M, Alanazi H, Park HJ, et al. Cigarette smoke and e-cigarette vapor dysregulate osteoblast interaction with titanium dental implant surface[J]. J Oral Implantol, 2019,45(1):2-11.
doi: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-18-00009 pmid: 30160606
[37] Sancilio S, Gallorini M, Cataldi A, et al. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction by e-cigarette fluids in human gingival fibroblasts[J]. Clin Oral Investig, 2016,20(3):477-483.
doi: 10.1007/s00784-015-1537-x pmid: 26239821
[38] Sundar IK, Javed F, Romanos GE, et al. E-cigarettes and flavorings induce inflammatory and pro-senescence responses in oral epithelial cells and periodontal fibroblasts[J]. Oncotarget, 2016,7(47):77196-77204.
doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.12857 pmid: 27791204
[39] Willershausen I, Wolf T, Weyer V, et al. Influence of e-smoking liquids on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts[J]. Head Face Med, 2014,10:39.
doi: 10.1186/1746-160X-10-39 pmid: 25224853
[40] Muthumalage T, Prinz M, Ansah KO, et al. Inflammatory and oxidative responses induced by exposure to commonly used e-cigarette flavoring chemicals and flavored e-liquids without nicotine[J]. Front Physiol, 2018,8:1130.
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01130
[41] Karasneh JA, Al Habashneh RA, Marzouka NAS, et al. Effect of cigarette smoking on subgingival bacteria in healthy subjects and patients with chronic pe-riodontitis[J]. BMC Oral Heal, 2017,17(1):64.
[42] Stewart CJ, Auchtung TA, Ajami NJ, et al. Effects of tobacco smoke and electronic cigarette vapor exposure on the oral and gut microbiota in humans: a pilot study[J]. PeerJ, 2018,6:e4693.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.4693
[43] Nelson JM, Cuadra GA, Palazzolo DL. A comparison of flavorless electronic cigarette-generated aerosol and conventional cigarette smoke on the planktonic growth of common oral commensal Streptococci[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019,16(24):5004.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph16245004
[44] 姜垣, 李强, 肖琳, 等. 中国烟草流行与控制[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2011,32(12):1181-1187.
pmid: 22336596
Jiang Y, Li Q, Xiao L, et al. Epidemic and control on tobacco in China[J]. Chin J Epidemiol, 2011,32(12):1181-1187.
pmid: 22336596
[45] Britton J, Arnott D, McNeill A, et al. Nicotine without smoke-putting electronic cigarettes in context[J]. BMJ, 2016,353:i1745.
[46] McNeill A, Brose LS, Calder R, et al. E-cigarettes: an evidence update. A report commissioned by Public Health England[R]. London: Public Health England, 2015.
[1] Abulaiti Guliqihere,Qin Xu,Zhu Guangxun. Research progress of mitophagy in the onset and development of periodontal disease [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2024, 51(1): 68-73.
[2] Wang Xue,Chen Manman,Nie Rong.. Reliability and validity test of the Chinese version of self-efficacy scale of oral health among pregnant women [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2023, 50(2): 172-176.
[3] Cheng Yifan,Qin Xu,Jiang Ming,Zhu Guang-xun.. Research progress on innate lymphoid cells in periodontal diseases [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2023, 50(1): 32-36.
[4] Li Weiguang,Wu Yafei,Guo Shujuan.. Research progress on the use of inorganic nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2022, 49(6): 724-730.
[5] Li Guiping,Qin Xu,Zhu Guangxun.. Research progress on adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in periodontal disease [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2022, 49(3): 343-348.
[6] Mu Xinyue,Liu Shutai. Research progress on motivational interviewing in the management of patients with periodontal disease [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2022, 49(1): 94-99.
[7] Bai Haoliang,Yang He,Zhao Lei. Research progress on periodontal disease risk assessment and prognosis judgment tools [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2021, 48(6): 696-702.
[8] Zhou Wanhang,Li Yanfei,Xu Ricong,Wan Qijun. Effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on risk factors of chronic kidney disease and systematic inflammatory levels in patients with chronic kidney disease and periodontal disease: a Meta-analysis [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2021, 48(5): 528-535.
[9] Fan Yu,Cheng Lei. Smoking affects the oral microenvironment and its role in the progression of dental caries [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2021, 48(5): 609-613.
[10] Qin Xiaoru,Liu Mengyuan. Association between periodontal disease and myocardial infarction: a Meta-analysis of cohort studies [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2021, 48(2): 165-172.
[11] Chen Liang,Ding Yi,Meng Shu. Research progress of host modulation therapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2020, 47(6): 706-710.
[12] Jia Leming,Jia Xiaoyue,Yang Ran,Zhou Xuedong,Xu Xin. Progress on the application of probiotics in the management of periodontal diseases [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2020, 47(5): 515-521.
[13] Deng Xiaoyu,Zhang Yunhan,Zou Jing. Early biological management of early childhood caries [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2020, 47(5): 581-588.
[14] Liu Lin,Zhou Jieyu,Wu Yafei,Zhao Lei. Application of probiotic ecological regulation in prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2020, 47(2): 131-137.
[15] Hu Jing,Dai Yanmei,Feng Zhaofei. A sampling survey on oral health of 12-14-year-old adolescents in Tianjin based on the epidemiological characte-ristics of dental fluorosis [J]. Int J Stomatol, 2019, 46(6): 650-656.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(06): .
[2] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(05): .
[3] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(05): .
[4] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(05): .
[5] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(05): .
[6] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 1999, 26(04): .
[7] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 2005, 32(06): 458 -460 .
[8] . [J]. Foreign Med Sci: Stomatol, 2005, 32(06): 452 -454 .
[9] . [J]. Inter J Stomatol, 2008, 35(S1): .
[10] . [J]. Inter J Stomatol, 2008, 35(S1): .