Int J Stomatol

Int J Stomatol ›› 2020, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 182-188.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2020050

• Original Articles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Analysis of upper lip profile features in 300 dentate subjects of different ages via three-dimensional measurement of cone beam computed tomography

Zhang Tingting,Hu Changhong,Peng Yan,Zhou Wenqiao,Zhang Huicong,Liu Die()   

  1. Complete Denture Clinic, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
  • Received:2019-06-15 Revised:2019-10-22 Online:2020-03-01 Published:2020-03-12
  • Contact: Die Liu E-mail:500315@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by The Key Research Cultivating Project of Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University(PYZD2016-03);Program for Innovation Team Building at Institutions of Higher Education in Chongqing in 2016(CXTDG201602006)

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Abstract:

Objective To measure and analyze upper lip profile features in dentate subjects among different age groups using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to provide an objective reference for facial esthetics in complete denture restoration. Methods A total of 300 CBCT images were selected and divided into one of the following three groups accor-ding to age: youth group (20-39 years), middle-aged group (40-59 years), and elderly group (more than 60 years). The length and thickness of the upper lip of each image were measured, and a morphological analysis of the upper lip profile was performed. Results The upper lip lengthened with aging. Moreover, the exposure of lip vermilion and the thickness of lip vermilion gradually decreased. The distance from the edge of the upper incisor to the edge the upper lip in three groups equated to (1.962 2±1.107 1), (0.835 3±1.206 6), and (0.014 1±1.225 6) mm. Moreover, the thicknesses of the lip vermilion were (12.355 8±1.950 3), (10.634 2±1.782 4), and (9.924 9±1.951 4) mm. According to the morphological analysis of the upper lip profile, the upper lip profile was presented in the following four shapes: concave, straight, wavy, and convex. Furthermore, differences were noted between groups; that is, the young group showed the largest proportion of concave upper lip profiles (68%), the middle-aged group showed the largest proportion of concave and straight upper lip profiles (80%), and the elderly group showed the largest proportion of wavy and convex upper lip profiles (67%). Conclusion Results indicated that the upper lip changes related to aging should be fully considered when complete denture restoration is performed for edentulous patients. When arranging the artificial anterior teeth, we should pay attention to the distance from the edge of the upper incisor to the edge of the upper lip while considering patients’ ages. When plumping up the upper lip using a complete denture, we should try to make the effect consistent with that observed among dentate people of the same age.

Key words: the elderly, upper lip, profile, cone beam computed tomography, edentulous, esthetic restoration

CLC Number: 

  • R783.4

TrendMD: 

Tab 1

Basic characteristics of three groups"

组别 例数 年龄/岁 平均年龄/岁 男性 女性
青年 100 20~39 30.04±4.97 49 51
中年 100 40~59 49.04±5.16 48 52
老年 100 ≥60 72.04±5.58 50 50

Fig 1

Reference points and reference lines"

Tab 2

Distance measuring items of upper lip thickness and length"

测量项目 定义 测量方法
UI-US* 上唇下缘到上中切牙切点的距离 US到UI连线长度
Sn-Sto 上唇总长度 Sn到Sto连线长度
Sn-Ls 上唇皮肤长度 Sn到Ls连线长度
Ls-Sto 上唇红长度 Ls到Sto连线长度
ANS-UI 前鼻棘点到上中切牙切点的距离 ANS到UI连线长度
Sn-A 上唇基部厚度 Sn到A连线长度
Sm-Hm 上唇中部厚度 Sm到Hm连线长度
Ls-UP 上唇红部厚度 Ls到UP连线长度

Tab 3

Ratio measuring items of upper lip thickness and length"

测量项目 定义
Ls-Sto/Sn-Ls 上唇红长度与上唇皮肤长度的比值
Ls-Sto/Sn-Sto 上唇红长度与上唇总长度的比值
Ls-Sto/ANS-UI 上唇红长度与前鼻棘点到上中切牙切点距离的比值
Sn-Ls/ANS-UI 上唇皮肤长度与前鼻棘点到上中切牙切点距离的比值
Sn-Sto/ANS-UI 上唇总长度与前鼻棘点到上中切牙切点距离的比值
Ls-UP/Sn-A 上唇红部厚度与上唇基部厚度的比值
Sm-Hm/Sn-A 上唇中部厚度与上唇基部厚度的比值

Fig 2

The profile of upper lip skin"

Tab 4

The length of upper lip and upper lip vermilion measurements in three groups $\bar{x}±s$"

测量项目 青年组 中年组 老年组
UI-US/mm 1.962 2±1.107 1 0.835 3±1.206 6 0.014 1±1.225 6
Sn-Ls/ANS-UI 0.478 3±0.063 3 0.528 7±0.066 4 0.558 1±0.062 7
Sn-Sto/ANS-UI 0.749 1±0.068 6 0.773 6±0.062 5 0.772 9±0.060 1
Ls-Sto/Sn-Ls 0.755 4±0.164 7 0.615 5±0.140 8 0.483 0±0.115 5
Ls-Sto/Sn-Sto 0.473 7±0.068 6 0.413 1±0.060 1 0.343 2±0.059 0
Ls-Sto/ANS-UI 0.354 3±0.056 6 0.319 0±0.049 9 0.264 7±0.046 6

Tab 5

The thickness of upper lip measurements in three groups $\bar{x}±s$"

测量项目 青年组 中年组 老年组
Ls-UP/mm 12.355 8±1.950 3 10.634 2±1.782 4 9.924 9±1.951 4
Ls-UP/Sn-A 0.962 8±0.132 8 0.891 2±0.135 4 0.840 5±0.145 0
Sm-Hm/Sn-A 0.898 2±0.081 4 0.883 2±0.092 5 0.873 6±0.092 4

Tab 6

The proportion of different upper lip skin classi-fication in three groups %"

组别 凹形 直形 波浪形 凸形 合计
青年 68 28 4 0 100
中年 49 31 11 9 100
老年 12 21 33 34 100

Tab 7

The proportion of different upper lip skin classi-fication in elderly group at different ages %"

年龄/岁 凹形 直形 波浪形 凸形 合计
60~69 21.2 36.4 30.3 12.1 100
70~79 11.8 17.6 44.1 26.4 100
80~89 3.0 9.1 24.2 63.6 100
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