Int J Stomatol

Int J Stomatol ›› 2019, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 481-487.doi: 10.7518/gjkq.2019066

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Composition, dimension, and function of biological width in oral implantations

Zheng Zheng,Chen Wenchuan   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Prosthodontics 1, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2018-12-04 Revised:2019-03-25 Online:2019-07-01 Published:2019-07-12
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by Program for the Case Model Curricula of Professional Degree Postgraduate of Sichuan University(2016KCJS080)

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Abstract:

In 1962, according to Gargiulo et al, Cohon proposed the biological width around the natural tooth, that is, a 2 mm-width constant distance between gingival sulcus and alveolar crest, including junctional epithelium (width 0.97 mm) and fibrous connective tissue between junctional epithelium and alveolar crest (width 1.07 mm). In 1991, Berglundh et al proposed a biological width similar to the width of a natural tooth around an implant and is named as biological width in implant. The proposed biological width is a 3 to 4 mm in distance from the top of the peri-implant mucosa to the first bone-to-implant contact, including epithelial tissues, namely, sulcular and junctional epithelia, and fibrous connective tissues between the epithelium and the first bone-to-implant contact in composition. This width is mainly proposed to resist external stimulation, thereby reestablishing soft and hard tissues around the implant and guiding clinical operations in oral implantation. This review explores the composition, dimension, and function of the biological width around implants.

Key words: implant, biological width, junctional epithelium

CLC Number: 

  • R322.4 +1

TrendMD: 

Fig 1

Sketch map of peri-implant tissue structure"

Tab 1

The differences of biological width between the natural tooth and implant"

区别 天然牙 种植体
位置 位于牙槽嵴顶冠方 位于牙槽嵴顶根方
尺度 2 mm 3~4 mm
组织学构成 由结合上皮及其下方的纤维结缔组织构成 由上皮（包括龈沟上皮和结合上皮）及其下方的纤维结缔组织构成
纤维的构成 牙龈纤维、牙骨膜纤维、环行纤维、越隔纤维。结缔 只有水平和环形纤维。胶原纤维水平连接到种植体表面
组织中胶原纤维垂直插入牙骨质和牙槽骨中
血供来源 来自牙周膜和骨膜 来自骨膜的末端分支
功能 抵御外界刺激 抵御外界刺激、利于种植区软硬组织重建和指导口腔种植修复过程

Tab 2

Dimension of biological width around the natural tooth and implant"

类型 天然牙 种植体
软组织水平 骨组织水平
参考文献 [1] [15] [20] [21] [22]
上皮组织/mm 0.97 1.89 2.32 2.04 2.07
结缔组织/mm 1.07 1.32 1.58 1.28 1.71
生物学宽度/mm 2.04 3.51 3.90 3.32 3.31

Fig 2

Organization chart"

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