日本和美国口腔卫生士发展及教育现状

doi:10.7518/gjkq.2019.01.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

口腔卫生士是毕业于受认可的口腔卫生专业,通过临床服务、教育、咨询规划以及评估等方式预防口腔疾病,并对现有的疾病提供一定治疗,帮助人们维持口腔健康最佳水平的专业人员。成熟的口腔卫生士体系已在超过50个国家得到了建立并优化了该国口腔医疗质量与效率。本文拟通过介绍具有代表性的日本、美国口腔卫生士的历史发展、职能范围、教育现状以及中国相关行业发展现状,为推动中国口腔卫生事业的发展提供参考。

关键词: 口腔卫生士, 历史发展, 教育体系

Abstract:

A dental hygienist is a health professional who graduated from an accredited school. This professional is involved in clinical services, education, consultative planning and evaluation endeavours and seeks to prevent oral diseases, provide treatment for existing disease, and assist people in maintaining an optimum level of oral health. A developed system of dental hygienists has been established in more than 50 countries and has optimized the quality and efficiency of oral medical in these countries. This paper provides basic information about the history development, tasks and education of dental hygienists in America and Japan. The current situation in China has also been introduced to promote the development of China’s dentistry.

Key words: dental hygienist, historical development, education system

中图分类号:

杨如倩,赵蕾,丁一. 日本和美国口腔卫生士发展及教育现状[J]. 国际口腔医学杂志, 2019, 46(1): 119-124.

Ruqian Yang,Lei Zhao,Yi Ding. The development and education status of oral hygienists in Japan and America[J]. Inter J Stomatol, 2019, 46(1): 119-124.

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参考文献 23

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项目	工作职能情况
项目	日本	美国
患者专科评估	+	+
拍摄X线片	+	+
牙周洁刮治	+	+
预防性口腔治疗措施（窝沟封	+	+
闭、氟化物使用等）
制取印模	-	+
戴取暂冠	-	少数州
窝洞衬洞、垫底	-	少数州
椅旁辅助牙医师治疗（吸唾、	+	-
传递器械等）
局部麻醉与吸入镇静	-	多数州
口腔卫生宣教	+	+
诊室相关管理（就诊、档案、	+	+
器械等管理）
科研活动	+	+

课程分类	课程内容	学分
通用基础课程	基础科学思维（人与生活）	10
专业基础课程	人体结构与功能（牙齿、口腔除外）	4
	牙齿、口腔结构与功能	5
	疾病起源与恢复过程	6
	口腔公共卫生预防	7
专业课程	口腔卫生士概论	2
	临床口腔医学	8
	口腔疾病防治理论	8
	口腔健康指导理论	7
	辅助口腔诊疗理论	9
	临床实践	20
选修		7
合计		93

培训类型	培训课程	培训项目
基本培训	A 临床培训课程	a 牙周基础治疗
		b 饮食、吞咽功能治疗
	B 进阶课程	a 牙科治疗辅助
		b 儿童口腔保健
		c 成人口腔保健
		d 老年人及需要看护者的口腔
		保健
		e 残疾人口腔保健
		f 赈灾支援
		g 口腔卫生护理流程
		h 其他相关内容
	C 特定课程	a 牙科诊所等医疗机构安全管
		理措施
		b 围手术期患者口腔护理
		c 口腔健康家庭护理
特別培训	D 自学课程	参与指定会议或培训,发表论
		文、报告等
指定培训	E 特定培训课程	4年制大学或研究生课程学习

课程类型	课程内容
先修课程	口头和书面沟通、心理学、社会学、解剖学、生理学、化学、生物化学、微生物学、免疫学、病理学和病理生理学、营
	养和药理学
专业课程	牙体形态、头颈部及口腔解剖学、口腔胚胎学和组织学、口腔病理学、放射影像学、牙周病学、疼痛管理、牙科材料学
专业实践课程	口腔健康教育和预防咨询、健康促进、患者管理、临床口腔卫生、特殊需要患者的服务与管理、社区口腔健康、急诊处
	理、口腔卫生实践的法律和伦理、感染控制、血源性传染疾病患者的口腔卫生保健服务